雷达RCS测量的月球标定方法

提出利用月球的雷达标定方法，分析了月球作为脉冲雷达标定目标的电磁散射特性。研究了月球标定时雷达工作方式的有关问题，并对方法效能进行了评估。     

ADS-B用于高精度雷达标定的方法

为了更好地解决高精度雷达标定的问题,提出了基于广播式自动相关监视系统(ADS-B)固定误差及目标回波中心动态修正的雷达标定新方法。首先分析了ADS-B位置数据误差的来源、类型及在雷达坐标系下的特征,同时对民航目标回波中心的变化作了分析建模,在此基础上进一步通过对雷达数据与ADS-B数据之差作动态联合修正,最终估算出雷达系统误差,提高了雷达系统误差标定的精度和稳定性。并利用多批次的实测数据对该标定新方法与其他方法进行了对比验证,结果表明,该方法有效提高了标定的精度和稳定性,并已成功应用于雷达标定设备中。     

Phase gradient autofocus-a robust tool for high resolution SARphase correction

The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) technique for phase error correction of spotlight mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is examined carefully in the context of four fundamental signal processing steps that constitute the algorithm. We demonstrate that excellent results over a wide variety of scene content, and phase error function structure are obtained if and only if all of these steps are included in the processing. Finally, we show that the computational demands of the fun PGA algorithm do not represent a large fraction of the total image formation problem, when mid to large size images are involved     

ETS-II Experiments Part III: Weather Radar System

The weather radar system used in conjunction with Earth-satellite propagation experiments for quantifying rainfall rate in a unit volume, determined by the beamwidth and the pulselength, is described. Firstly, methods for deriving rainfall rate per unit volume are stated in detail with special emphasis on calibration to determine unknown parameters associated with propagation losses in waveguides and the atmosphere. The calibration method is somewhat different from a conventional one but is useful for routine observation. Secondly, in addition to a simple explanation of the hardware of this radar system, the data modes, developed for measuring rainfall rate along the propagation path and radar reflectivity factor in the horizontal and vertical cross sections around the station are described. These data modes are effectively combined by the operational scanning modes for routine observation of propagation experiments, while each data mode can also be operated independently. Examples obtained by each data mode are also given.     

一种宽带阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法

宽带数字阵列雷达接收通道中存在随频率变化的幅相误差和互耦误差,会严重影响雷达性能。针对这一问题,提出了一种宽带数字阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法。首先选取通带内多个离散频点,对于每个频点,将幅相误差和互耦误差作为一个整体,采用基于子空间原理的窄带校正算法估计其阵列失真参数,并计算校正矩阵;然后将其组合起来,构成频域离散校正矩阵;最后基于最小二乘准则,设计了宽带有限长脉冲响应(FIR)校正滤波器矩阵。利用该矩阵,可实现通带范围内任意带宽入射信号的校正。计算机仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。对实测数据的处理结果表明该算法在宽带数字阵列雷达系统中具有实用价值。     

一种MIMO雷达幅相误差估计方法

 针对单基地相关多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达中存在的阵列幅相误差问题进行了研究。给出了单基地相关MIMO雷达的阵列模型,并提出了一种MIMO雷达幅相误差估计方法。利用发射正交信号对阵列接收信号进行匹配滤波,可分离得到类似传统阵列的"虚拟阵列",利用分时信源数据将该阵列中真实导向矢量中信源波达方向(DOA)引起的相位与幅相误差分离开,通过构造代价函数得到波达方向估计值,进而分别得到发射阵与接收阵的幅相误差的估计值,同时给出了误差引入量分析。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。本文介绍的方法简单可行,适用于任意构型MIMO雷达的幅相误差估计。     

Accuracy of using point targets for SAR calibration

The peak and integral methods for radiometric calibration of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using reference point targets are analyzed. Both calibration methods are shown to be unbiased, but the peak method requires knowledge of the equivalent rectangle system resolution which is sensitive to system focus. Exact expressions for the RMS errors of both methods are derived. It is shown that the RMS error resulting from the peak method is always smaller than or equal to that from the integral method for a well-focused system. However, for robust radiometric calibration of SAR, or when nonlinear phase errors are present, the integral method is recommended, because it does not require detailed knowledge of the impulse response and the resulting RMS error is not dependent on system focus     

常规闭口风洞相阵列气动声学试验

传统气动声学研究观点认为,精确的声学测量要求风洞背景噪声和洞壁反射足够低,传声器测量结果有足够高的信噪比,这是大多数风洞无法达到的要求。近些年,基于声纳和雷达技术发展起来的麦克风相阵列技术可以通过增加阵列的传声器数目从而大幅提高声学测量的信噪比,具有噪声源研究和定位能力,并被成功地应用于非声学固壁风洞噪声源测量和噪声物理机制研究。作者基于相阵列波束生成频域算法研制出常规闭口风洞相阵列系统及相关技术,在FD-09风洞尝试进行了相阵列校准试验和某民机噪声测量试验。结果表明：相阵列技术能够准确捕捉到真实的校准声源,并从技术上验证了相阵列系统在常规闭口风洞测量气动噪声是有效的。     

Recursive estimation of radar biases using electronic charts

This work describes the application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to the estimation of range and bearing biases in marine radars by performing a map-matching between the data from hydrographic charts and the radar images. By defining at least two corresponding points from the radar image and the electronic charts, the technique provides a rapid and accurate calibration in range and bearing, giving also estimates for the speed, heading, latitude, and longitude of the ship. The method is tested with simulated data to check convergence and later with real data obtained from a navigation console installed on a patrol boat The technique does not require GPS nor speed information from the ship log unit, however it is shown that their inclusion can improve the estimation.     

比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁研究

比相单脉冲雷达采用和差通道接收信号比相的方法测角。一般认为,雷达事实上并不是在测量目标的方向,而是在测量目标的角闪烁方向。从特殊的两点目标出发,分析了单点目标和复杂目标下比相单脉冲雷达和差通道方式测角的原理与内在异同,探讨了比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁的关系,提出有关雷达测角的新的观点。     

脉冲测量雷达卫星标定方法研究

对脉冲测量雷达卫星标定方法的原理和工程应用等问题进行了研究,提出了标定模型和方法,分析了雷达跟踪能力和卫星定轨保障等工程应用问题,并对标定效果进行了仿真验证。     

基于DRFM技术的雷达标校器设计与实现

建立了基于数字射频存储器技术构建雷达标校器的方法.该雷达标校器可灵活实现目标运动模拟、多普勒频率加载、目标RCS模拟、多目标模拟等功能,较传统的基于光纤延迟实现的雷达标校器更具有应用价值.针对实际应用需求提出了解决频率捷变的方案,给出了典型模拟策略所需数学模型.应用研究表明,基于数字射频存储器技术的雷达标校器具有较强的...     

频率捷变雷达信号源实时动态频率校准方法

分析了频率捷变雷达信号源边跟踪边校准方法存在的缺陷,提出了一种新型实时动态频率校准方法,在信号源边跟踪边校准工作模式上,进一步提高了信号源的频率跟踪精度和稳定工作时间,并大大减小了漏跟概率.     

基于可重构标定板的激光与视觉联合标定方法

目前,激光雷达与视觉传感器的联合标定方法包含动态在线标定与静态离线标定两大类.动态在线标定对标定的环境有较高的要求,且标定结果不稳定;静态离线标定通常采用标定板,因而对标定板的要求较高,手动选择与线拟合都易引入或放大误差,故提出了一种基于可重构标定板的激光雷达与视觉传感器的联合标定方法.首先,对传统的标定板进行拆分与重构,采用类条形码的方式自动识别激光雷达特征点,并添加相机校验机制以缓解标定过程中相机识别的不稳定性带来的误差.最后,通过与双目相机标定,采用重投影的方式对外参标定结果进行可视化主观评价与客观量化评价.实验表明,该标定方法的均方根误差(RMSE)为1.275cm,重投影后的误差为3.2个像素.     

Calculation of Probability of Detection with Target Scintillation

This paper presents a computational method for the calculation of probability of detection using measured radar target cross-section data. The described method can also be used for probability of detection calculations when the radar target cross section follows a specified probability density function. Using the computational procedure of the paper, a number of curves are generated which can be used for probability of detection calculations with exponential and Gaussian radar target cross-section distributions. The results obtained using theoretical distributions are compared with the corresponding results using actual target cross-section measurements. The results of computer runs are compared to the corresponding values in the literature where available.     

Modeling and performance of HF/OTH radar target classificationsystems

The effects of a class of multipath propagation channels on the performance of a over-the-horizon (OTH) radar target classification system are considered. A Rician frequency-selective fading channel model is employed to characterize the effects of the multipath propagation medium and evaluate the performance of radar target classification systems. The performance of classification algorithms that employ relative amplitude, relative phase, and absolute amplitude measurements as features is investigated. Performance estimates of the various classification algorithms for interesting sets of channel parameters are obtained by means of Monte-Carlo simulations     

Signal processing of wide bandwidth and wide beamwidth P-3 SAR data

This research is concerned with multidimensional signal processing and image formation with FOliage PENetrating (FOPEN) airborne radar data which were collected by a Navy P-3 ultra wideband (UWB) radar in 1995. The digital signal processors that were developed for the P-3 data commonly used a radar beamwidth angle that was limited to 35 deg. Provided that the P-3 radar beamwidth angle (after slow-time FIR filtering and 6:1 decimation) was 35 deg, the P-3 signal aperture radar (SAR) system would approximately yield alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. We provide an analysis here of the slow-time Doppler properties of the P-3 SAR system. This study indicates that the P-3 database possesses a 50 deg beamwidth angle within the entire [215, 730] MHz band of the P-3 radar. We show that the 50-degree beamwidth limit is imposed by the radar (radial) range swath gate; a larger beamwidth measurements would be possible with a larger range swath gate. The 50-degree beamwidth of the P-3 system results in slow-time Doppler aliasing within the frequency band of [444, 730] MHz. We outline a slow-time processing of the P-3 data to minimize the Doppler aliasing. The images which are formed via this method are shown to be superior in quality to the images which are formed via the conventional P-3 processor. In the presentation, we also introduce a method for converting the P-3 deramped (range-compressed) data into its alias-free baseband echoed data; the utility of this conversion for suppressing radio frequency interference signals is shown     

Theorem for the combination of bistatic radar measurements using least squares

In order to improve position finding performance, least squares method is often used to combine the measurement sets of bistatic radar system. However, which measurement sets can be combined by least squares method and which cannot have received little attention until now. We address this issue based on 2 measurements of bistatic radar system, for example (/spl rho/, /spl theta//sub T/), and present a new theorem, with proof, which shows that the least squares estimator can be obtained by combining any two measurement sets if these measurement pairs are disjoint. We provide an example that satisfies this condition, which shows that the least square combination of measurement sets yield improved performance especially in the vicinity of the transmitter and the receiver.     

Bayesian gamma mixture model approach to radar target recognition

This paper develops a Bayesian gamma mixture model approach to automatic target recognition (ATR). The specific problem considered is the classification of radar range profiles (RRPs) of military ships. However, the approach developed is relevant to the generic discrimination problem. We model the radar returns (data measurements) from each target as a gamma mixture distribution. Several different motivations for the use of mixture models are put forward, with gamma components being chosen through a physical consideration of radar returns. Bayesian formalism is adopted and we obtain posterior distributions for the parameters of our mixture models. The distributions obtained are too complicated for direct analytical use in a classifier, so Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are used to provide samples from the distributions. The classification results on the ship data compare favorably with those obtained from two previously published techniques, namely a self-organizing map and a maximum likelihood gamma mixture model classifier.