A multipath data association tracker for over-the-horizon radar

A new algorithm, multipath probabilistic data association (MPDA), for initiation and tracking in over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) is described. MPDA is capable of exploiting multipath target signatures arising from discrete propagation modes that are resolvable by the radar. Nonlinear measurement models exhibiting multipath target signatures in azimuth, slant range, and Doppler are used. Tracking is performed in ground coordinates and therefore depends on the provision of estimates of virtual ionospheric heights to achieve coordinate registration. Although the propagation mode characteristics are assumed to be known, their correspondence with the detections is not required to be known. A target existence model is included for automatic track maintenance. Numerical simulations for four resolvable propagation modes are presented that demonstrate the ability of the technique to initiate and maintain track at probabilities of detection of 0.4 per mode in clutter densities for which conventional probabilistic data association (PDA) has a high probability of track loss, and suffers from track bias. A nearest neighbor version of MPDA is also presented     

基于OTHR与纯角度传感器群数据关联的模式辨识与定位精度提升

 天波超视距雷达(OTHR)目标跟踪面临着"三低"(低检测概率、低数据率和低测量精度)和"多径"(多条传播路径)的挑战,因此传播模式的准确辨识与目标定位精度提升是改善跟踪能力的关键。首先利用纯角度传感器群获得目标地理位置的初步估计,然后采用极大似然估计建立了OTHR的传播模式和杂波模式的辨识规则,进而利用最小方差估计准则实现OTHR和纯角度传感器群的量测融合。仿真结果表明,此算法的模式辨识正确率很高,能明显提升方位角的测量精度,但是不能明显提升径向距的精度。     

ETS-II Experiments Part II: Earth Station Facilities

A part of the Earth station at the Kashima Branch of the Radio Research Laboratories has a highly sensitive receiving system newly designed for receiving 3 coherent and weak beacon signals transmitted from the Engineering Test Satellite Type-II (ETS-II) of Japan and obtaining propagation data on quasimillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. The ground system includes a main receiving station which has a 10-m diameter antenna for multifrequencies, highly sensitive receivers, a rain radar, which has many unique functions, a radiometer, meteorological instruments, and data processing computers. The facilities of the main receiving station for ETS-II propagation experiments, except for the rain radar, are described.     

Flyable fiber-optic radar target generator

Airborne radar relies on Built-in-Test (BIT) for fault detection, fault isolation and system calibration. The capability of BIT is often limited by space, weight, size and cost considerations. Furthermore, the radar does not have a test target that will allow BIT to perform in flight, closed-loop functional test of the complete radar system. This paper describes a fiber-optic based radar test target unit that provides a delayed replica of the transmitted radar signal. The unit will intercept a small amount of radar-transmitted energy, delay it in the fiber, then feed it back into the radar producing a calibrated “echo” at a predetermined radar range. The unit can be installed as part of the airborne radar. The details on the design and testing of a proof-of-concept unit are also given     

雷达RCS测量的月球标定方法

提出利用月球的雷达标定方法，分析了月球作为脉冲雷达标定目标的电磁散射特性。研究了月球标定时雷达工作方式的有关问题，并对方法效能进行了评估。     

ADS-B用于高精度雷达标定的方法

为了更好地解决高精度雷达标定的问题,提出了基于广播式自动相关监视系统(ADS-B)固定误差及目标回波中心动态修正的雷达标定新方法。首先分析了ADS-B位置数据误差的来源、类型及在雷达坐标系下的特征,同时对民航目标回波中心的变化作了分析建模,在此基础上进一步通过对雷达数据与ADS-B数据之差作动态联合修正,最终估算出雷达系统误差,提高了雷达系统误差标定的精度和稳定性。并利用多批次的实测数据对该标定新方法与其他方法进行了对比验证,结果表明,该方法有效提高了标定的精度和稳定性,并已成功应用于雷达标定设备中。     

Automatic Checkout and Monitoring in the AN TPQ-27 Radar System

This paper describes automatic monitoring equipment built in to a precision tracking radar system to detect and isolate faults. The purpose of the monitoring equipment is to minimize the mean time to repair faults and to exercise the overall system for pre-mission alignment and calibration. In addition, it is used to periodically check for performance degradation in key areas of the system. The paper describes the design approach used to meet the above requirements. Three types of signals are monitored: analog, digital, and switch closure. A list of each type is given and the technique used to monitor each is described. The design approach for pre-mission alignment and calibration is outlined. Tests performed are: RF alignment of the boresight axis, range tracking accuracy, angle servo calibration and accuracy, and receiver figure of merit measurements.     

一种基于雷达波束驻留模式的空间碎片轨道参数估计方法

利用窄波束的单脉冲精密跟踪雷达波束驻留模式进行碎片探测是空间碎片环境统计特征描述的一种重要途径。由于该模式观测弧段极短,且无法获取同一目标的多个弧段,因而利用常规定轨方法难以达到理想的效果。在圆轨道假设下,提出了一种利用波束驻留模式获取的单个极短弧计算碎片轨道高度和倾角的方法。首先利用碎片的距离确定其轨道高度;在此基础上,根据推导出的不同波束指向时碎片的距离变化率与轨道倾角的关系,得出其轨道倾角。该方法对于正南、正东指向的雷达波束驻留模式均适用,其中正南指向时还需利用方位角和仰角数据来区分轨道倾角与补角;但不适用于波束指向天顶的情况。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Calibration of complex polarimetric SAR imagery using backscattercorrelations

A technique for calibration of multipolarization synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery is described. If scatterer reciprocity and lack of correlation between co- and cross-polarized radar echoes (for azimuthally symmetric distributed targets) are assumed, the effects of signal leakage between the radar data channels can be removed without the use of known ground targets. If known targets are available, all data channels can be calibrated relative to one another and radiometrically as well. The method is verified with simulation and application to airborne SAR data     

Application of a Highly Parallel Processor to Radar Data Processing

The application of a highly parallel computer known as PEPE (Parallel Element Processing Ensemble) to radar data processing is described. The PEPE computer consists of a large number of identical processing elements which operate in parallel and are controlled by a common control unit. Each of the processing elements is assigned to a particular radar target such that many targets can be tracked in parallel. PEPE is designed to augment a conventional computer rather than to stand alone. The total data processing load associated with a radar tracking system is distributed between PEPE and the sequential machine in a manner than maximizes the overall system efficiency and desensitizes the system performance to fluctuations in traffic levels. The use of PEPE provides very high data processing throughput potential to a radar data processing system.     

利用幅值信息的超视距雷达多路径概率数据互联算法

天波超视距雷达是通过电离层反射实现超视距广域监视的,其地理坐标系下的量测方程存在强非线性,同时由于电离层的不同分层,造成了多路径传播的严重问题,即同时存在多个量测模型。多路径概率数据互联(MPDA)滤波器将坐标配准与概率数据互联相结合,解决了超视距目标跟踪中的多路径传播问题,但在杂波环境下滤波跟踪精度不高。文中提出了一种基于信号幅值特征信息的MPDA算法(A-MPDA),当跟踪单一的、存在4种可能非线性量测的非机动目标时,仿真结果表明所提出的算法比标准MPDA有更好的跟踪精度。     

Match-mode method and its numerical simulation for rotor-stator interaction source modes and propagation modes in an annular duct with multi-treatments

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The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft

This paper describes the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instruments aboard the RBSP spacecraft from an instrumentation and engineering point of view. There are four magnetic spectrometers aboard each of the two spacecraft, one low-energy unit (20–240 keV), two medium-energy units (80–1200 keV), and a high-energy unit (800–4800 keV). The high unit also contains a proton telescope (55 keV–20 MeV). The magnetic spectrometers focus electrons within a selected energy pass band upon a focal plane of several silicon detectors where pulse-height analysis is used to determine if the energy of the incident electron is appropriate for the electron momentum selected by the magnet. Thus each event is a two-parameter analysis, an approach leading to a greatly reduced background. The physics of these instruments are described in detail followed by the engineering implementation. The data outputs are described, and examples of the calibration results and early flight data presented.     

航空小型动力装置试验台测试系统

针对航模、无人驾驶侦察机和靶机等飞行器经常采用带螺旋桨的活塞式小型动力装置,本文设计了一种小型台架测试系统。文章介绍了系统的组成、硬件设计、软件设计及系统的应用。测试结果表明,该系统具有测试精度高、可靠性好、操作和维护方便等特点。      

基于真空羽流试验的洁净真空系统设计

研制的洁净真空系统可用于真空羽流试验及热真空试验研究.详细介绍了真空系统的组成、方案设计及工作模式;计算了不同工作模式下的真空抽气时间;分别对罗茨泵机组、分子泵及低温泵进行了容器极限抽速测试,测试结果表明,满足技术指标;最后对真空容器压力维持能力进行了测试,测得容器平均压升率为0.111Pa/h,对应的平均漏气率为7.24Pa·L/s,真空容器达到了较高的工艺水平.真空系统有多种工作模式供选择,可根据试验需求及故障模式选取,增加了“真空羽流效应实验系统”运行的实用性和经济性.      

The AN/APS-6 radar

The AN/APS-6 radar was to scan a 1200 coneshaped volume ahead of the aircraft flight path in selected ranges of five, 25 and 65 miles for radar search, with the maximum range extended to 100 miles for radar beacon. When within one-half mile of a selected target, the set could be switched to the gun aim mode for accurate aim-and-fire of the six 50-caliber aircraft guns. The design, installation and protection of this radar are described     

Real-Time Wind Estimation and Tracking with Transponder Downlinked Airspeed and Heading Data

The use of magnetic heading and true air speed measurements made on board civil airplanes to assist in radar tracking is described. The data are telemetered via the air-ground data link of the mode S radar system. A new filter, similar to the first-order Kalman filter, is developed using velocity measurements to bias its prediction equations. This filter follows satisfactorily maneuvers, and estimates, in real time, the wind in the vicinity of the airplane. Finally a scheme is described to remove false data due to data-link corruption.     

基于复近似消息传递的前视雷达成像分辨率增强算法

当机载/弹载雷达工作在前视状态时,由于成像场景内不同角度处目标的多普勒差异很小,很难得到 高的角度分辨率。针对海面舰船目标的前视成像应用,利用成像区域具有明显稀疏性的特点,提出一种基于复 近似消息传递压缩感知处理的前视成像角度分辨率增强算法,建立前视成像的线性观测信号模型,给出复近似 消息传递的迭代计算过程,以及多通道雷达前视成像的处理流程。通过仿真数据和 X 波段雷达实测数据的处 理结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

A low-cost space-based radar system concept

A space-based radar system concept is described that can provide continuous world-wide, all-weather, day-night observation and tracking of ships, aircraft, vehicles and ground facilities of interest. The system employs a constellation of radar satellites in low-earth orbit to provide continuous world-wide target access. The radars employ reflector antennas, TWT transmitters and high frequency (e.g., X band) to achieve long range with relatively low weight, complexity and cost. The radars operate in moving-target-detection (MTD) and synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) spotlight imaging modes to observe moving and fixed targets, respectively. The system could support a wide range of military, intelligence, law-enforcement and civilian missions