基于非线性Wiener过程航空发动机性能退化预测

针对线性随机过程航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测精度不高的问题,提出一种漂移系数为指数形式的非线性Wiener过程发动机性能退化建模,进而预测航空发动机的剩余寿命。基于直接监测发动机性能退化数据,构建发动机性能退化模型,根据Wiener过程首达阈值时间的数学性质,推导出剩余寿命的概率分布。通过极大似然估计构建退化模型中未知参数的似然函数,利用遗传算法得到发动机总体模型参数的离线估计值。考虑到不同发动机个体间的差异性,采用贝叶斯公式,结合发动机的实时监测数据与总体模型参数的先验分布对模型中随机参数进行实时更新,从而对个体发动机的剩余寿命实时预测。最后,选择商用航空发动机仿真数据集(C-MAPSS)进行实验,结果表明：针对个体发动机基于非线性随机过程方法,实时更新非线性Wiener方法能够提高航空发动机循环中期剩余寿命预测的准确性,提供更加可靠的预防性维修决策。     

基于性能非线性退化统计模型的发动机剩余寿命预测

针对航空发动机在性能退化过程中普遍存在的非线性和不确定性问题,提出一种基于非线性退化数据的统计模型和剩 余寿命预测方法。通过对发动机性能真实退化轨道的分析,采用统计回归的建模方法建立发动机退化轨道模型,利用发动机的历 史数据,通过最小二乘估计求解模型中的未知参数;根据贝叶斯准则,以发动机实时监测数据与参数的先验分布对模型中的参数 进行实时更新,以发动机性能退化量首次达到红线值作为失效依据,采用蒙特卡洛仿真的方法得到发动机剩余寿命分布,实现了 对个体发动机剩余寿命的预测;通过试验数据进行发动机剩余寿命的预测,验证了该方法的准确性。结果表明：根据发动机退化 数据结合退化模型得到的个体发动机剩余寿命实时预测值末端均方根误差为0.02588,可以辅助指导维修决策。     

基于随机Wiener过程的航空发动机剩余寿命预测

针对目前剩余寿命(RL)预测方法没有综合考虑发动机个体性能退化的差异性和多阶段性的问题,提出了基于多阶段性能退化模型预测航空发动机剩余寿命的方法。首先,该方法采用多阶段Wiener过程对航空发动机进行退化建模,并假设退化模型参数服从随机分布来描述发动机个体的差异性。然后,根据历史性能退化数据与历史失效时间数据,利用期望最大化算法对模型参数的先验分布进行估计。当获得单台发动机的实时退化数据后,使用Bayesian方法对模型参数进行更新,从而实时更新航空发动机的RL分布,最终实现对单台航空发动机的RL预测。实验结果表明,该方法预测精度较高,能为航空发动机维修计划的制定提供依据。     

融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法

针对基于单一传感器数据的剩余寿命预测方法存在数据利用率低和预测精度不高的问题，论文提出了一种融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法。首先将多个传感器数据融合成一个复合健康指标来表征发动机的退化性能，采用线性维纳过程对复合健康指标进行退化建模，通过极大似然估计方法确定模型参数，进而得到发动机的预测寿命。为了确定融合系数，提出了一种利用真实寿命与预测寿命的预测均方误差最小化的方法。融合系数确定后，基于训练发动机历史寿命数据，确定出模型参数的离线估计值；然后利用Bayesian公式，同时结合发动机的实时监测数据与参数的先验分布对模型参数进行实时更新，接着在首达时间的意义下推导出剩余寿命的概率分布，进而实现了发动机的剩余寿命在线预测。最后，选择商用模块化航空推进系统仿真数据集进行数值仿真实验，结果表明：相较于基于单一传感器的方法，论文所提方法能够提高剩余寿命预测的准确性，其剩余寿命预测的相对均方误差降低了2%左右。     

潜在故障期内航空发动机的剩余寿命预测

在航空发动机的潜在故障期内,状态参数的变化规律可以间接地预测发动机的剩余寿命。针对潜在故障期内的特点,利用随机滤波理论建立了航空发动机的剩余寿命预测模型,并采用K-M法检验发动机性能参数的退化数据服从威布尔分布,按照最优线性无偏估计的点估计方法和极大似然函数法对相关参数进行点估计,举例对某型航空发动机在潜在故障期内的剩余寿命进行了预测。模型有效地预测了航空发动机的剩余寿命,为航空发动机的视情维修提供了决策依据。     

多源传感监测线性退化设备数模联动的剩余寿命预测方法

随着先进传感与监测技术的快速发展,实时获取随机退化设备的多源传感监测数据已成为现实,如何有效融合多源传感监测数据以实现随机退化设备剩余寿命的精准预测成为剩余寿命预测领域的研究前沿。针对多源传感监测的线性随机退化设备,提出了一种考虑随机失效阈值的数模联动剩余寿命预测新方法。该方法在离线训练过程中,基于多源传感历史数据提取的复合健康指标及据此线性随机退化建模预测的寿命,构建综合寿命预测值与设备实际寿命的均方误差及寿命预测方差的优化目标函数,形成复合健康指标提取与随机退化建模的反馈闭环,对多源传感器融合系数和复合健康指标对应的随机失效阈值分布参数进行优化调整,以实现复合健康指标提取与随机退化建模的自动匹配,即数模联动。在线预测时,根据提出的数模联动方法,融合实际运行设备的多源传感监测数据以获取复合健康指标,然后采用随机模型对其演变过程进行建模。同时,为使模型实时反映设备当前状况,提出了一种退化模型参数的贝叶斯更新方法,在此基础上基于首达时间得到了考虑设备失效阈值随机性的剩余寿命概率分布。最后,基于航空发动机的多源传感监测数据,验证了所提方法在改善复合健康指标特性和提高剩余寿命预测准确性方面的...     

动量轮维纳过程退化建模与寿命预测

针对动量轮寿命预测无失效数据问题,利用有漂移的维纳过程对其轴承温度建立性能退化模型,同时,考虑由于加工工艺、制造误差等因素所造成的不确定性,利用随机变量来描述其漂移参数和扩散参数,并结合自助法获取纠偏估计.根据所建模型仿真了轴承温度维纳过程的样本路径,最后,对动量轮进行随机失效阈值情形的寿命预测和剩余寿命预测.该模型为...     

基于Box-Cox变换与随机系数回归模型的非线性退化设备剩余寿命预测方法

准确预测退化设备的剩余寿命可以为设备维护管理提供重要信息支撑，进而避免设备运行中发生计划外失效、减少设备运行维护成本。针对工程实际设备广泛存在的非线性退化现象，提出了基于Box-Cox变换与随机系数回归模型的非线性退化设备剩余寿命预测方法。首先，采用Box-Cox变换对非线性退化数据进行线性化处理，在此基础上通过随机系数回归模型构建退化模型，并运用Bayesian理论与蒙特卡洛-期望最大化算法在线更新模型参数；然后，基于随机系数回归模型的特性，推导出剩余寿命的分布函数以及其点估计值；最后，通过数值仿真和锂电池实际退化数据验证所提方法的有效性。     

基于信息融合的航空发动机剩余寿命预测

利用航空发动机状态监测信息,考虑到信息本身具有的误差性和随机性等特点,采用贝叶斯线性模型融合了监测信息,实现了综合利用多源信息的进行航空发动机性能衰退评估;以性能衰退评估结果为输入变量,建立基于Gamma随机过程的可靠性评估模型,预测在指定性能可靠性水平下的剩余寿命.通过算例,分析了不同监测参数对剩余寿命预测的影响.该方法能将性能监测与可靠性分析集成到一个框架中,充分利用了多种状态监测信息,结果更加准确,更符合控制航空发动机维修决策风险的实际.      

基于风扇退化的涡扇发动机寿命衰减双参数评估方法研究

由于涡扇发动机不同单元体之间存在耦合性,采用单一性能退化参数预测发动机剩余寿命明显是不全面的。本文根据风扇故障导致涡扇发动机退化机理,引入Frank Copula函数描述二元性能参数之间的相关性,并且采用二元非线性Wiener过程来构建性能退化模型,然后基于MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo)方法进行模型参数估计,实现涡扇发动机剩余寿命预测。最终,通过涡扇发动机的仿真数据集来验证该方法的适用性。证明基于Copula函数的二元非线性Wiener过程建模为发动机剩余寿命预测提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

多传感器监测飞机部件非线性退化评估

飞机部件一般采用多传感器进行状态监控,针对退化过程具有非线性特征的民机典型部件剩余寿命（RUL）预测及评估问题,首先建立了部件性能参数的一般非线性Wiener退化过程,推导出基于多传感器监测数据的剩余寿命预测框架和概率密度函数,随后利用状态空间模型进行隐退化状态估计并同时利用最大期望算法（EM）实现参数递推估计,最后形成了飞机部件多传感器监测下的剩余寿命非线性退化评估方法。通过数值仿真案例和民航发动机剩余寿命预测案例,对比线性退化模型和基于单一传感器监测数据的非线性退化模型,验证了所提方法在提高剩余寿命预测精度的有效性,可为飞机及其部件的剩余使用寿命预测和视情维护决策提供技术支撑。     

Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain char-acteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated accord-ing to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indi-cate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.     

Satellite lithium-ion battery remaining useful life estimation with an iterative updated RVM fused with the KF algorithm

Lithium-ion batteries have become the third-generation space batteries and are widely utilized in a series of spacecraft. Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is essential to a spacecraft as the battery is a critical part and determines the lifetime and reliability. The Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is a data-driven algorithm used to estimate a battery’s RUL due to its sparse feature and uncertainty management capability. Especially, some of the regressive cases indicate that the RVM can obtain a better short-term prediction performance rather than long-term prediction. As a nonlinear kernel learning algorithm, the coefficient matrix and relevance vectors are fixed once the RVM training is conducted. Moreover, the RVM can be simply influenced by the noise with the training data. Thus, this work proposes an iterative updated approach to improve the long-term prediction performance for a battery’s RUL prediction. Firstly, when a new estimator is output by the RVM, the Kalman filter is applied to optimize this estimator with a physical degradation model. Then, this optimized estimator is added into the training set as an on-line sample, the RVM model is re-trained, and the coefficient matrix and relevance vectors can be dynamically adjusted to make next iterative prediction. Experimental results with a commercial battery test data set and a satellite battery data set both indicate that the proposed method can achieve a better performance for RUL estimation.     

Remaining useful life prediction based on variation coefficient consistency test of a Wiener process

High-cost equipment is often reused after maintenance, and whether the information before the maintenance can be used for the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction after the maintenance is directly determined by the consistency of the degradation pattern before and after the maintenance. Aiming at this problem, an RUL prediction method based on the consistency test of a Wiener process is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of the Wiener process estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) are proved to be biased, and a modified unbiased estimation method is proposed and verified by derivation and simulations. Then, the h statistic is constructed according to the reciprocal of the variation coefficient of the Wiener process, and the sampling distribution is derived. Meanwhile, a universal method for the consistency test is proposed based on the sampling distribution theorem, which is verified by simulation data and classical crack degradation data. Finally, based on the consistency test of the degradation model, a weighted fusion RUL prediction method is presented for the fuel pump of an airplane, and the validity of the presented method is verified by accurate computation results of real data, which provides a theoretical and practical guidance for engineers to predict the RUL of equipment after maintenance.     

Remaining useful life prognostics for aeroengine based on superstatistics and information fusion

Remaining useful life（RUL） prognostics is a fundamental premise to perform conditionbased maintenance（CBM） for a system subject to performance degradation. Over the past decades,research has been conducted in RUL prognostics for aeroengine. However, most of the prognostics technologies and methods simply base on single parameter, making it hard to demonstrate the specific characteristics of its degradation. To solve such problems, this paper proposes a novel approach to predict RUL by means of superstatistics and information fusion. The performance degradation evolution of the engine is modeled by fusing multiple monitoring parameters, which manifest non-stationary characteristics while degrading. With the obtained degradation curve,prognostics model can be established by state-space method, and then RUL can be estimated when the time-varying parameters of the model are predicted and updated through Kalman filtering algorithm. By this method, the non-stationary degradation of each parameter is represented, and multiple monitoring parameters are incorporated, both contributing to the final prognostics. A case study shows that this approach enables satisfactory prediction evolution and achieves a markedly better prognosis of RUL.     

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both. Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time (FHT). To implement the proposed RUL estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring (CM) data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.     

多退化变量下基于Copula函数的陀螺仪剩余寿命预测方法

针对惯性导航系统中陀螺仪多退化变量条件下的剩余寿命（RUL）预测问题,提出了一种基于Copula函数的多退化变量剩余寿命预测方法。首先,针对退化变量间不同的退化轨迹,采用不同的方法进行退化建模,并对于陀螺漂移系数样本标准差数据波动性随时间递增的特性,提出了一种方差时变的正态随机过程退化建模方法,得到了陀螺仪剩余寿命的边缘分布函数。然后,通过Copula函数来描述退化变量之间的相关性,将得到的剩余寿命的边缘分布进行融合,得到了陀螺仪剩余寿命的联合分布函数。最后,通过陀螺仪实例分析验证了方法的适用性和可行性。     

An adaptive-order particle filter for remaining useful life prediction of aviation piston pumps

An accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) not only contributes to an effective application of an aviation piston pump, but also meets the necessity of condition based maintenance (CBM). For the current RUL evaluation methods, a model-based method is inappropriate for the degradation process of an aviation piston pump due to difficulties of modeling, while a data-based method rarely presents high-accuracy prediction in a long period of time. In this work, an adaptive-order particle filter (AOPF) prognostic process is proposed aiming at improving long-term prediction accuracy of RUL by combining both kinds of methods. A dynamic model is initialized by a data-driven or empirical method. When a new observation comes, the prior state distribution is approximated by a current model. The order of the current model is updated adaptively by fusing the information of the observation. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for estimating the posterior probability density function of future states of the pump’s degradation. With updating the order number adaptively, the method presents a higher precision in contrast with those of traditional methods. In a case study, the proposed AOPF method is adopted to forecast the degradation status of an aviation piston pump with experimental return oil flow data, and the analytical results show the effectiveness of the proposed AOPF method.