基于风扇退化的涡扇发动机寿命衰减双参数评估方法研究

由于涡扇发动机不同单元体之间存在耦合性,采用单一性能退化参数预测发动机剩余寿命明显是不全面的。本文根据风扇故障导致涡扇发动机退化机理,引入Frank Copula函数描述二元性能参数之间的相关性,并且采用二元非线性Wiener过程来构建性能退化模型,然后基于MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo)方法进行模型参数估计,实现涡扇发动机剩余寿命预测。最终,通过涡扇发动机的仿真数据集来验证该方法的适用性。证明基于Copula函数的二元非线性Wiener过程建模为发动机剩余寿命预测提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

基于退化失效阈值可能性分布的可靠性建模

针对随机失效阈值下的退化可靠性分析问题,利用可能性分布表征失效阈值中的不确定性,提出了一种退化失效建模的可靠性分析方法,解决了预测模型中不确定性的传递问题。通过陀螺仪剩余寿命预测的案例研究,阐明了文中方法的有效性。     

随机环境应力冲击下基于多参数相关退化的导弹部件寿命预测

为了解决某型导弹部件的贮存寿命预测问题,提出了一种随机环境应力冲击下基于多参数相关退化的寿命预测方法。针对产品存在退化失效与突发失效两种失效模式,利用Wiener、Gamma及Inverse Gaussian等随机过程模型拟合各性能参数的退化数据,并采用Copula函数进行相关性退化失效建模;利用随机环境应力冲击解释突发失效的机理,并采用非均匀泊松过程对突发失效建模;进而建立退化失效与突发失效竞争的贮存寿命预测模型。实例应用说明所提方法能够反映出导弹部件的失效规律,比传统预测方法具有更高的预测准确性,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

多源传感监测线性退化设备数模联动的剩余寿命预测方法

随着先进传感与监测技术的快速发展,实时获取随机退化设备的多源传感监测数据已成为现实,如何有效融合多源传感监测数据以实现随机退化设备剩余寿命的精准预测成为剩余寿命预测领域的研究前沿。针对多源传感监测的线性随机退化设备,提出了一种考虑随机失效阈值的数模联动剩余寿命预测新方法。该方法在离线训练过程中,基于多源传感历史数据提取的复合健康指标及据此线性随机退化建模预测的寿命,构建综合寿命预测值与设备实际寿命的均方误差及寿命预测方差的优化目标函数,形成复合健康指标提取与随机退化建模的反馈闭环,对多源传感器融合系数和复合健康指标对应的随机失效阈值分布参数进行优化调整,以实现复合健康指标提取与随机退化建模的自动匹配,即数模联动。在线预测时,根据提出的数模联动方法,融合实际运行设备的多源传感监测数据以获取复合健康指标,然后采用随机模型对其演变过程进行建模。同时,为使模型实时反映设备当前状况,提出了一种退化模型参数的贝叶斯更新方法,在此基础上基于首达时间得到了考虑设备失效阈值随机性的剩余寿命概率分布。最后,基于航空发动机的多源传感监测数据,验证了所提方法在改善复合健康指标特性和提高剩余寿命预测准确性方面的...     

基于性能非线性退化统计模型的发动机剩余寿命预测

针对航空发动机在性能退化过程中普遍存在的非线性和不确定性问题,提出一种基于非线性退化数据的统计模型和剩 余寿命预测方法。通过对发动机性能真实退化轨道的分析,采用统计回归的建模方法建立发动机退化轨道模型,利用发动机的历 史数据,通过最小二乘估计求解模型中的未知参数;根据贝叶斯准则,以发动机实时监测数据与参数的先验分布对模型中的参数 进行实时更新,以发动机性能退化量首次达到红线值作为失效依据,采用蒙特卡洛仿真的方法得到发动机剩余寿命分布,实现了 对个体发动机剩余寿命的预测;通过试验数据进行发动机剩余寿命的预测,验证了该方法的准确性。结果表明：根据发动机退化 数据结合退化模型得到的个体发动机剩余寿命实时预测值末端均方根误差为0.02588,可以辅助指导维修决策。     

基于非线性Wiener过程航空发动机性能退化预测

针对线性随机过程航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测精度不高的问题,提出一种漂移系数为指数形式的非线性Wiener过程发动机性能退化建模,进而预测航空发动机的剩余寿命。基于直接监测发动机性能退化数据,构建发动机性能退化模型,根据Wiener过程首达阈值时间的数学性质,推导出剩余寿命的概率分布。通过极大似然估计构建退化模型中未知参数的似然函数,利用遗传算法得到发动机总体模型参数的离线估计值。考虑到不同发动机个体间的差异性,采用贝叶斯公式,结合发动机的实时监测数据与总体模型参数的先验分布对模型中随机参数进行实时更新,从而对个体发动机的剩余寿命实时预测。最后,选择商用航空发动机仿真数据集(C-MAPSS)进行实验,结果表明：针对个体发动机基于非线性随机过程方法,实时更新非线性Wiener方法能够提高航空发动机循环中期剩余寿命预测的准确性,提供更加可靠的预防性维修决策。     

融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法

针对基于单一传感器数据的剩余寿命预测方法存在数据利用率低和预测精度不高的问题，论文提出了一种融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法。首先将多个传感器数据融合成一个复合健康指标来表征发动机的退化性能，采用线性维纳过程对复合健康指标进行退化建模，通过极大似然估计方法确定模型参数，进而得到发动机的预测寿命。为了确定融合系数，提出了一种利用真实寿命与预测寿命的预测均方误差最小化的方法。融合系数确定后，基于训练发动机历史寿命数据，确定出模型参数的离线估计值；然后利用Bayesian公式，同时结合发动机的实时监测数据与参数的先验分布对模型参数进行实时更新，接着在首达时间的意义下推导出剩余寿命的概率分布，进而实现了发动机的剩余寿命在线预测。最后，选择商用模块化航空推进系统仿真数据集进行数值仿真实验，结果表明：相较于基于单一传感器的方法，论文所提方法能够提高剩余寿命预测的准确性，其剩余寿命预测的相对均方误差降低了2%左右。     

基于Wiener和Copula函数性能退化模型的减推力起飞可靠性收益评估研究

从精细化、规范化管理使用发动机的角度出发,针对航空发动机减推力起飞在可靠性和安全收益指标的贡献度量化评估问题,提出了一种基于性能退化分析的可靠性收益评估方法。建立了单个性能参数Wiener退化量模型,并利用Copula函数进行二元相关性能参数退化量建模,提出了基于Copula函数和Wiener退化过程的二元相关性能可靠性模型。将模型应用于实例分析,通过发动机执行减推力和未执行减推力时的性能退化数据,定量地分析了执行减推力起飞技术对可靠性和在役寿命方面的贡献度,并将文中提出的方法与基于单参数的性能可靠度函数以及二元独立性能参数的性能可靠度函数进行对比分析。结果表明,执行减推力起飞技术的发动机在运行中有更高的安全裕度,在役寿命平均延长了23%左右。     

基于LASSO变量选择的航空发动机相似性剩余寿命预测

由于航空发动机监测变量众多,传统方法直接选取性能退化趋势明显的变量进行寿命预测,所以提出一种基于LASSO(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator)的变量选取方法,结合相似性寿命预测方法有效提高了预测精度。基于K-means聚类区分不同工况,对航空发动机多个监测变量根据聚类结果进行变量转换。基于LASSO方法选取最优传感器变量。基于相似性方法进行航空发动机剩余寿命预测。将基于LASSO的变量选取方法与传统的根据退化趋势大小进行选择的方法进行剩余使用寿命预测的结果进行了对比研究。结果表明：基于LASSO选取变量的相似性寿命预测误差的标准差在3种运行周期下分别减少了约1.84、3.46、4.23。     

基于随机Wiener过程的航空发动机剩余寿命预测

针对目前剩余寿命(RL)预测方法没有综合考虑发动机个体性能退化的差异性和多阶段性的问题,提出了基于多阶段性能退化模型预测航空发动机剩余寿命的方法。首先,该方法采用多阶段Wiener过程对航空发动机进行退化建模,并假设退化模型参数服从随机分布来描述发动机个体的差异性。然后,根据历史性能退化数据与历史失效时间数据,利用期望最大化算法对模型参数的先验分布进行估计。当获得单台发动机的实时退化数据后,使用Bayesian方法对模型参数进行更新,从而实时更新航空发动机的RL分布,最终实现对单台航空发动机的RL预测。实验结果表明,该方法预测精度较高,能为航空发动机维修计划的制定提供依据。     

基于非线性Wiener过程的航空发动机性能衰减建模与剩余寿命预测

针对航空发动机在性能衰减过程中普遍存在的非线性和三源不确定性问题,提出了一种基于非线性Wiener过程的航空发动机性能衰减建模与剩余寿命（RUL）预测方法。首先,为解决目前大多数剩余寿命预测方法中潜在假设的局限性,即当前时刻估计的漂移系数与上一时刻漂移系数的后验估计完全相等,在状态空间模型的框架下建立了一类新的同时考虑非线性和三源不确定性的性能衰减模型,并在首达时间下推导出剩余寿命的分布。然后,针对新研发航空发动机缺乏历史数据和先验信息的问题,提出了一种基于Kalman滤波和条件期望最大化（ECM）算法的参数估计方法,使得估计的模型参数不依赖于历史数据量。同时能够在获得一个新的性能衰减数据后,实现对模型参数的自适应估计和在线更新,进而实时地更新航空发动机的剩余寿命分布。实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效地提高剩余寿命预测的准确性,能为航空发动机的维修决策提供可靠的依据。     

多传感器监测飞机部件非线性退化评估

飞机部件一般采用多传感器进行状态监控,针对退化过程具有非线性特征的民机典型部件剩余寿命（RUL）预测及评估问题,首先建立了部件性能参数的一般非线性Wiener退化过程,推导出基于多传感器监测数据的剩余寿命预测框架和概率密度函数,随后利用状态空间模型进行隐退化状态估计并同时利用最大期望算法（EM）实现参数递推估计,最后形成了飞机部件多传感器监测下的剩余寿命非线性退化评估方法。通过数值仿真案例和民航发动机剩余寿命预测案例,对比线性退化模型和基于单一传感器监测数据的非线性退化模型,验证了所提方法在提高剩余寿命预测精度的有效性,可为飞机及其部件的剩余使用寿命预测和视情维护决策提供技术支撑。     

An adaptive-order particle filter for remaining useful life prediction of aviation piston pumps

An accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) not only contributes to an effective application of an aviation piston pump, but also meets the necessity of condition based maintenance (CBM). For the current RUL evaluation methods, a model-based method is inappropriate for the degradation process of an aviation piston pump due to difficulties of modeling, while a data-based method rarely presents high-accuracy prediction in a long period of time. In this work, an adaptive-order particle filter (AOPF) prognostic process is proposed aiming at improving long-term prediction accuracy of RUL by combining both kinds of methods. A dynamic model is initialized by a data-driven or empirical method. When a new observation comes, the prior state distribution is approximated by a current model. The order of the current model is updated adaptively by fusing the information of the observation. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for estimating the posterior probability density function of future states of the pump’s degradation. With updating the order number adaptively, the method presents a higher precision in contrast with those of traditional methods. In a case study, the proposed AOPF method is adopted to forecast the degradation status of an aviation piston pump with experimental return oil flow data, and the analytical results show the effectiveness of the proposed AOPF method.     

Remaining useful life prediction based on variation coefficient consistency test of a Wiener process

High-cost equipment is often reused after maintenance, and whether the information before the maintenance can be used for the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction after the maintenance is directly determined by the consistency of the degradation pattern before and after the maintenance. Aiming at this problem, an RUL prediction method based on the consistency test of a Wiener process is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of the Wiener process estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) are proved to be biased, and a modified unbiased estimation method is proposed and verified by derivation and simulations. Then, the h statistic is constructed according to the reciprocal of the variation coefficient of the Wiener process, and the sampling distribution is derived. Meanwhile, a universal method for the consistency test is proposed based on the sampling distribution theorem, which is verified by simulation data and classical crack degradation data. Finally, based on the consistency test of the degradation model, a weighted fusion RUL prediction method is presented for the fuel pump of an airplane, and the validity of the presented method is verified by accurate computation results of real data, which provides a theoretical and practical guidance for engineers to predict the RUL of equipment after maintenance.     

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both. Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time (FHT). To implement the proposed RUL estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring (CM) data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.     

Remaining useful life prediction of aircraft lithium-ion batteries based on F-distribution particle filter and kernel smoothing algorithm

As an emergency and auxiliary power source for aircraft, lithium (Li)-ion batteries are important components of aerospace power systems. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction of Li-ion batteries is a key technology to ensure the reliable operation of aviation power systems. Particle Filter (PF) is an effective method to predict the RUL of Li-ion batteries because of its uncertainty representation and management ability. However, there are problems that particle weights cannot be updated in the prediction stage and particles degradation. To settle these issues, an innovative technique of F-distribution PF and Kernel Smoothing (FPFKS) algorithm is proposed. In the prediction stage, the weights of the particles are dynamically updated by the F kernel instead of being fixed all the time. Meanwhile, a first-order independent Markov capacity degradation model is established. Moreover, the kernel smoothing algorithm is integrated into PF, so that the variance of the parameters of capacity degradation model keeps invariant. Experiments based on NASA battery data sets show that FPFKS can be excellently applied to RUL prediction of Li-ion batteries.     

Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain char-acteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated accord-ing to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indi-cate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.     

基于RF-SVR的燃油计量装置性能衰退检测和剩余寿命估计方法

为了实现航空发动机燃油系统的安全状态监测和健康管理,开展了燃油系统性能衰退检测和剩余使用寿命估计方面的研究。以燃油系统燃油计量装置为例,分析了其主要的性能衰退模式,设计了基于电流-速度数据的健康指标(HIs)选取方案,并考虑环境及模型参数不确定性,进行模型不确定性仿真,基于健康数据与性能衰退数据间的马氏距离对部件性能衰退进行检测。提出了基于随机森林-支持向量回归(RF-SVR)的剩余使用寿命(RUL)估计方法,利用通过RF特征选择优化的SVR模型实现部件RUL估计。最后基于某型民用涡扇发动机机械液压模型仿真数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法的性能衰退检测虚警率及漏报率低于2%,RUL估计误差低于3%,可为航空发动机燃油系统的预测性维护提供参考。