用改进的准线性平差法实现GPS辅助无人机对地定位

以无人机对地定位为应用背景,在GPS辅助确定机载摄像机光心位置条件下,用改进的准线性平差法从序列图象求解地面目标点的三维位置。首先简要介绍经典平差法和准线性平差法,然后详细阐述了改进的准线性平差法原理、实现步骤,并用仿真数据和真实图象进行了验证。结果表明,改进的准线性平差法不仅对定位精度有所提高,而且降低了计算量,提高了计算速度。如果运用于GPS辅助无人机获取的图象分析,可实现实时对地定位和基于视觉的导航、着陆等。     

遗传算法在低信噪比图象点目标检测中的应用

将遗传算法用于图象中低信噪比点目标的检测。在分析了点目标及背景特点的基础上,设计了编码方案及遗传操作算子,提出了合格个体保留法。仿真结果表明应用此算法,可实现信噪比为2dB的点目标的检测与跟踪。     

图象序列中机动目标的形心跟踪

从边检测边跟踪的角度探讨了图象序列中机动目标的形心跟踪问题,深入分析了强高斯噪声背景下目标形心估计的统计性质及用于形心估计的图象预处理方法。指出经典的图象二值化变换分割后作形心估计的方法面临着估计偏差和方差的矛盾,提出了用自适应交互三模型(ATIMM)跟踪图象序列中机动目标的方法,同时发现在了解目标形状的条件下,空间匹配滤波,二值变换点集聚类和 ATIMM三者的结合对图象序列中的机动目标具有最好的跟踪性能。     

用于观测导航的新方法——地标图象的计算机识别

本文提出一种利用带有地面目标精细结构的雷达图象或用其它方法得到的地面目标的图象进行定位的方法。它避免了利用地标导航因能见度带来的限制,并可应用于远程导航。在对图象的识别上,采用了基于R变挟的R描绘子来进行分析,并考虑了用于地标识别时的特殊问题。     

基于能量最优的敏捷遥感卫星在轨任务规划

针对敏捷遥感卫星对多个离散观测点在轨自主任务规划问题,在考虑姿态运动方程耦合性的基础上,将问题分解为空间资源调度问题和连续最优控制问题,进而提出了一种结合伪谱法和遗传算法的混合求解算法。该算法针对基于行商问题(TSP)模型建立的空间资源调度问题模型,选用二维编码结构对观测顺序和相对观测时间进行实数编码,并采用遗传算法求解观测序列和观测时间;针对判断观测时间可行性时涉及的时间最优控制问题、以及姿态转移过程中涉及的最小能量消耗问题,将其归结为连续最优控制问题,并基于Gauss伪谱协态变量映射定理,采用Gauss伪谱法进行求解。通过与基于单纯遗传算法的规划算法进行对比试验,本文所提出的基于伪谱法和遗传算法的混合求解策略针对目标问题,在典型工况下姿态转移过程中能量消耗降低60%。     

基于短时时差序列的无源定位方法

针对脉冲辐射源定位问题,提出了一种基于短时时差(TDOA)序列的多站无源定位新方法.首先建立了TDoA序列模型,然后推导了该方法定位误差的克拉美罗下限(CRLB),并提出了一种高效的解算方法--两步定位法(TSLM):第1步利用TDOA序列线性估计出TDOA及其变化率信息,第2步基于TDOA及其变化率信息进行定位.典型...     

面向维修性设计的民机产品拆卸序列规划方法

维修拆卸序列规划是产品维修性设计的重要内容。深入研究了面向维修性设计的产品拆卸建模方法,将民机产品分为部件模块与联接件两部分,构建了部件联接图模型,通过关联矩阵描述了部件模块与联接件的相互关系。分两步给出了民机产品拆卸序列规划方法:利用干涉矩阵确定部件模块的可行拆卸方向,以拆卸代价最小为目标,提出了基于有序搜索的民机产品部件模块的拆卸序列规划算法;考虑联接件的拆卸顺序,以拆卸工具更换次数最小为目标,提出了基于基因成对交叉与变异的遗传算法的完整拆卸序列优化方法。最后,结合某飞机前起落架系统给出了应用实例,阐明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于改进遗传算法的选择性拆卸序列规划

选择性拆卸序列规划(SDSP)是民用飞机维修规划的一个重要内容,也是在设计阶段对民用飞机产品维修性的评估。为了能以较高的效率求解出产品拆卸序列的方案,首先根据拆卸特点构建了产品拆卸混合图模型。该模型描述了零部件之间的连接关系和优先关系,然后通过对目标零件的分析产生选择性拆卸零件集合。在此基础上建立目标函数并利用基于二叉树的遗传算法的计算速度和灵活性等特点对目标零件拆卸序列进行优化。最后,通过一个实例,验证了文中方法的可行性及优化算法的有效性。     

基于自适应免疫遗传的工艺与调度集成研究

针对多目标柔性工艺规划和调度集成问题,提出基于免疫遗传算法的多目标柔性工艺与调度集成求解方法。首先建立多目标柔性工艺规划和调度集成模型;引入决策者的模糊偏好信息实现对多个优化目标的决策;提出了基于自适应策略的免疫遗传算法,通过实例验证了方法的有效性,并与遗传算法和免疫遗传算法进行对比分析证明了方法的优越性。     

航空电缆故障在线检测与定位技术研究

在综述了电缆故障类型和现有电缆故障检测与定位方法的基础上,引入了两种电缆故障在线检测与定位新方法——序列时域反射法(STDR)和扩散频谱时域反射法(SSTDR),分析研究了两种方法的原理,选取了一种适用于两种方法的相关算法——改进的实序列频域相关算法,并在MATLAB中建立了仿真模型,对两种方法进行了仿真验证,并进行了比较,对实际的应用具有理论指导意义。     

Adaptive Optical Target Detection Using Correlated Images

A method for target detection that achieves clutter rejection by the use of multiple observations of the same target scene is developed. Multiple scene observations can be obtained by processing separate frequency bands of the same target scene or by recursively processing sequential observations in time. Optimal detection algorithms are developed, based on the assumption that the image intensity can be modeled as a variable mean spatial Gaussian process. Several fast detection algorithms are derived which make use of the fact that the covariance matrices of many optical and infrared (IR) images can be accurately approximated by diagonal matrices. These algorithms provide efficient solutions to the problem of processing multiple correlated scenes or multiple sequential imaging. Computer simulations based on actual optical and IR image data were used for checking the theoretical results. The new detection algorithms achieved performance improvement in detection signal-to-noise ratio of up to 10 dB over conventional target correlation methods.     

Searching tracks

Search theory is the discipline that studies the problem of how best to search for an object when the amount of searching efforts is limited and only probabilities of the possible position of the object are given. Then, the problem is to find the optimal distribution of this total effort that maximizes the probability of detection. Although the general formalism of search theory will be used subsequently, we consider now a radically different problem. The problem is to detect target tracks. In the "classical" search theory, the target is said detected if a detection occurs during any time of the time frame. Here, on the contrary, the target track will be said to be detected if elementary detections occur at various times. That means that there is a test for acceptance (or detection) of a target track and that the problem is to optimize the allocation of the search effort for track detection. So, specific optimization problems are solved by means of the primal-dual formalism, in an original setup. Other aspects concern Markovian targets and two-sided search for which simple and efficient algorithms are derived.     

基于GAS的图像跟踪系统及其实现方案

利用遗传优化算法实现了一个目标跟踪系统,将传统的目标搜索、目标分割、目标定位及跟踪状态评估等过程都由遗传算法来实现,使系统结构简单,易于实现。并分析了利用 TMS32 0 C6x实时实现遗传优化跟踪过程的可能性,最后给出了该系统的实现方案     

双机协同无源定位算法

相较于有源定位,只能利用到达角(Angle of Arrival,AOA)的双机协同无源定位对目标的观测维度很低,这会导致对目标的定位精度低或迭代收敛速度慢等问题发生。对此,利用有限的测量值研究更优秀的算法以提高定位精度具有实际意义。首先,介绍了普通最小二乘法、加权最小二乘法、总体最小二乘法 3种基于最小二乘算法的定位算法;然后,介绍了高斯-牛顿迭代法(Gauss-Newton iteration method,GNIM)和加权工具变量伪线性估计法 (Weighted Instrumental Variable Pseudolinear Estimation Method,WIVPLE)2种基于最大似然估计的定位算法;最后,使用蒙特卡洛法在不同误差条件和几何构型下对这些算法的定位精度进行仿真实验。     

Automatic Target Recognition: State of the Art Survey

In this paper a review of the techniques used to solve the automatic target recognition (ATR) problem is given. Emphasis is placed on algorithmic and implementation approaches. ATR algorithms such as target detection, segmentation, feature computation, classification, etc. are evaluated and several new quantitative criteria are presented. Evaluation approaches are discussed and various problems encountered in the evaluation of algorithms are addressed. Strategies used in the data base design are outlined. New techniques such as the use of contextual cues, semantic and structural information, hierarchical reasoning in the classification and incorporation of multisensors in ATR systems are also presented.     

基于遗传算法的大型空间结构模型降阶

 采用遗传算法求解大型空间结构的模型降阶问题。给出了模型降阶的数学表示和所用遗传算法的有效形式，即编码方式、适值方式、交叉方式和变异方式等。仿真实例说明，遗传算法优于标准内平衡法和Hopfield神经网络方法。     

Moving target localization in distributed MIMO radar with transmitter and receiver location uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of moving target localization from Bistatic Range(BR) and Bistatic Range Rate(BRR) measurements in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) radar system having widely separated antennas is investigated. We consider a practically motivated scenario,where the accurate knowledge of transmitter and receiver locations is not known and only the nominal values are available for processing. With the transmitter and receiver location uncertainties,which are usually neglected in MIMO radar systems by prior studies, taken into account in the measurement model, we develop a novel algebraic solution to reduce the estimation error for moving target localization. The proposed algorithm is based on the pseudolinear set of equations and two-step weighted least squares estimation. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) is derived in the presence of transmitter and receiver location uncertainties. Theoretical accuracy analysis demonstrates that the proposed solution attains the CRLB, and numerical examples show that the proposed solution achieves significant performance improvement over the existing algorithms.     

面向智能感知的小样本学习研究综述

小样本学习指只利用目标类别的少量监督信息来训练机器学习模型。由于其实用价值，学术界和工业界提出很多针对该问题的解决方案，但是目前国内缺少该问题的综述。本文对国内外学者提出的小样本学习算法及基于小样本学习的目标检测算法进行了系统的总结和探索。首先，给出了小样本学习的问题定义，列举其与其他一些经典的机器学习问题之间的联系，同时从理论上阐述小样本学习问题面临的挑战；接着，对基于小样本学习的图像分类进行了概述，并对其中代表性的工作进行介绍与分析；在此基础上，重点针对基于小样本学习的目标检测，特别是零样本条件下的目标检测问题，详细介绍和分析了现有的研究工作；最后，立足于现有方法的优缺点，从问题设定、理论研究、实现技术以及应用场景等几个方面对小样本学习的未来发展进行了展望，期望为该领域后续的研究工作提供启示。     

Satellite intercept targeting DSP algorithm design and evaluation

A unified processing approach for the detection and localization of satellites or other exoatmospheric targets is presented. Enhanced filtering and centroid determination algorithms were developed based on real-time implementation constraints, mission conditions including accuracy requirements, and signature structure. The signature structure consisted of target returns, high-frequency random noise, low-frequency structured noise, and contamination sources resulting from debris and cosmic events. Detailed signal processing analyses were performed to verify the required subsample accuracy and the sensitivity to hardware and system constraints. The resultant system design was functionally verified in a real-time breadboard processor     

Detection and range/Doppler estimation for colocated sensors

The problem of multisensor detection and high resolution signal state estimation using joint maximum a posteriori detection and high order nonlinear filtering techniques is addressed. The model-based fusion approach offers the potential for increased target resolution in range/Doppler/azimuth space. The approach employs joint detection/estimation filters (JDEF) for target detection and localization. The JDEF approach segments the aggregate nonlinear model over the entire target resolution space into a number of localized nonlinear models by partitioning the resolution space into a number of resolution subcells. This partitioning leads to extremely accurate state estimation. The proposed JDEF approach has a built-in capability for automatic data alignment from multiple sensors, and can be used for centralized, decentralized, and distributed data fusion.