光电经纬仪红外成像跟踪处理器的研究与实现

以高性能数字信号处理器TMS320C6203为核心,结合CPLD（可编程逻辑器件）进行逻辑控制,用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）进行预处理,设计了实时目标检测和跟踪系统。介绍了实时图像处理系统的硬件组成、工作原理、软件流程,重点分析目标检测算法和系统实时性。该系统被成功用于光电经纬仪红外图像处理系统中,经试验证明,系统对弱小目标的检测、识别和跟踪能力达到实际工程的实时性需求,大大提高了数据采集能力与处理速度,采样精度得到很大提高,完全满足系统设计要求。     

A methodology for real time fault detection, isolation andcorrection

Mission critical timelines and availability requirements of large, complex ground stations demand some form of a distributed real-time system with an embedded rule-based expert advisor for recognizing and responding to changes within the system. The failure management optimization support system (FMOSS), which develops unique sets of status values, is discussed. The live status returned from the segment hardware forms a set of values, or signature vector, for each equipment string. The signature vector is compared to the signature that occurs when the equipment string is operational. If the processed status signatures do not match the signature that indicates the equipment string is operational, the expert advisor notifies the command center that a fault has been detected. The expert advisor continues processing until it has found a match from the pool of preengineered failure-mode signature vectors. Based on the match, Boolean logic is used to perform fault isolation and correction, with results provided to the command center     

AutoScan系列复杂零件自动化三维测量装备开发与应用

自动化三维测量可实现复杂零件的精度检测,为后续工艺优化提供基础数据,是保证航空航天领域复杂零件成形精度的关键技术,但应用时尚存在以下问题：其一,自动化三维测量视点规划仍以人工示教为主,规划效率低、效果差;其二,锻造成形等工业现场工况恶劣,易使系统预先标定的参数发生漂移,测量精度难以保证;其三,多视测量数据拼接仍主要采用标志点拼接的方式,过程繁琐,应用局限大;其四,在线自动化测量时受工装夹具等影响,测量点云中存在大量背景噪声,影响数据自动处理的精度与稳定性。针对上述难题,介绍了基于双目测头的自动化测量视点规划、基于耦合焦距比例约束的系统参数自标定、基于全局优化的多视测量数据拼接、基于自适应阈值迭代最近点（ICP）点云背景噪声自动去除等关键技术;在此基础上,研制了系列自动化三维测量装备,包括PowerVirtualPlan视点规划软件、PowerScan三维测量软件、iPoint3D数据处理软件的开发;最后,介绍自动化三维测量装备在航天航空等领域的工程应用情况。     

基于Petri网多通道火控系统的建模与分析

多通道火控系统是一个实时多任务系统,具有实时、并发、异步、分布、不确定性等特点。Petri网是描述异步并发现象的一种有效工具。文章以Petri网为工具建立某多通道火控系统的模型,对其结构性能、功能、任务忙闲程度、死锁进行了定性分析,并给出从模型到程序自动转换方法,可有效分析与评价多通道火控系统。     

高速采样测量数据处理方法研究

探讨在新一代高精度测速体制下，外测数据原有处理方法应用到高采样率数据时的缺陷，提出将原始采样数据分段、分层进行多次处理，结合二步最小二乘、等距样条拟舍和区间长度自适应的时间多项式中心平滑技术，可降低每次处理的数据量，并逐步滤除周期噪声与色噪声，提高了处理结果的精度。     

一种提高测量CCD成像系统MTF精度的数据处理方法

根据刃边图像的特点,采用中值滤波法、多剖线平均法以及局部滤波法对图像中的噪声进行前期处理,去噪效果好,使图像的有用信息损失小,提高了测量CCD成像系统调制传递函数的精度。实验表明,本文的数据处理方法能有效的提高测量CCD成像系统的传递函数的精度。     

基于显式预测控制的涡扇发动机控制器设计

模型预测控制因其能够较好地处理涡扇发动机约束问题且实现多变量控制而具有较大的应用潜力。为了解决传统模型预测控制算法在实际应用中存在运算量大、实时性较差的问题,基于显式模型预测设计了航空发动机多变量控制器。在控制结构上采用多速率双闭环系统,保证了控制精度;在计算上通过多参数规划将在线优化问题转化为线性函数计算问题,大幅度减少了计算量;在发动机从开环切闭环的过程提出一种增量式切换方法,实现无扰切换。数值仿真和硬件在环仿真结果表明,转速和压比稳态误差分别不超过±0.25%和±1%,控制器在25ms控制周期内能完成计算,满足嵌入式系统实时性要求。     

基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统

在复杂的电磁环境中,往往存在多种频率交叠的机会信号,为利用机会信号进行定位增加了难度。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统。系统的硬件部分是在FPGA中实现等变自适应盲分离算法的,实现了AD采集后的复数域混合信号的分离。分离后的信号通过USB3.0数据线上传到上位机中进行存储、识别和实时显示。算法的FPGA实现采用流水线架构和浮点运算设计来提高信号的实时处理能力和数据计算精度。实测结果表明,该系统能够实时分离多路复数域混合机会信号。     

基于视觉的惯性导航误差在线修正

陀螺零偏和加速度计零偏是影响惯性测量单元(IMU)积分精度的重要因素。提供一组精确的实时的零偏估计可以提高IMU的积分精度,为视觉导航提供良好的位姿预测,提高整个系统的动态性能。通过合理地建立IMU的噪声模型以及IMU和视觉的组合方程,利用一种基于李群和李代数知识的IMU预积分方法将零偏进行合理的线性化,运用Kalman滤波进行IMU零偏的在线估计。实验结果表明,通过本文的修正方法,惯性导航的平均积累误差由0.034m/s提高到0.0037m/s,精度明显提高。     

靶场实时测控软件系统现状与发展趋势

实时测控软件系统是航天测控系统的信息处理中心，在航天任务中担负着实时信息处理、设备数字引导、指挥显示和安全控制等任务。随着计算机与通信技术的飞速发展，实时测控软件系统向信息融合、分布处理、高可靠性和逼真的多媒体显示等方向发展。本文介绍了实时测控软件在航天任务中的地位厦作用，详细阐明了实时测控软件系统的发展历程、系统组成、功能特点和未来的发展趋势。     

基于历史和制造约束的可制造性分析系统实现

结合并行工程的思想,针对产品可制造性分析问题,提出基于设计历史、制造资源约束和工艺规则检查的产品可制造性分析系统的总体结构和框架,系统利用数据库技术和PDM技术实现,最大程度地保证设计满足各种约束,提高设计效率,最后给出实例验证了系统的有效性和实用性。     

On-orbit real-time magnetometer bias determination for micro-satellites without attitude information

Due to the disadvantages such as complex calculation, low accuracy of estimation, and being non real time in present methods, a new real-time algorithm is developed for on-orbit magnetometer bias determination of micro-satellites without attitude knowledge in this paper. This method uses the differential value approach. It avoids the impact of quartic nature and uses the iterative method to satisfy real-time applications. Simulation results indicate that the new real-time algorithm is more accurate compared with other methods, which are also tested by an experiment system using real noise data. With the new real-time algorithm, a magnetometer calibration can be taken on-orbit and will reduce the demand for computing power effectively.     

模型实时驱动的航空发动机沉浸式虚拟运行系统

为实现多学科信息的融合与沉浸式表达,针对当前虚拟现实技术在航空发动机领域的应用存在多学科信息综合表达不 足、仿真实时性低等问题,开发了一种跨学科异构模型集成仿真的航空发动机沉浸式虚拟运行系统。在信息融合与实时交互方 面,研究航空发动机气动热力性能实时仿真、实时控制、参数化结构建模与仿真、数据实时共享与多学科联合仿真集成等技术,实 现了模型实时驱动的航空发动机虚拟运行功能;在数据可视化及3维渲染方面,研究结构数据轻量化处理技术、实时渲染优化技 术,对温度、压力等流场数据进行实时映射,实现了逼真、流畅的沉浸式实时渲染效果。基于上述研究工作,在中国首次开发了1 套由模型实时驱动、跨学科数据集成的航空发动机沉浸式虚拟运行系统,结果表明：该系统实现了发动机结构、系统和性能模型数 据的关联与交互。相关技术和成果可用于协同设计、沉浸式评审、虚拟培训等场景,为未来实现数字孪生、虚实融合的数字发动机 研发提供关键技术支撑和参考。     

Optical moving target detection with 3-D matched filtering

Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving optical targets immersed in a background noise field. The procedure requires the processing of entire sequences of frames of optical scenes containing the moving targets. The 3-D processor must be properly matched to the target signature and its velocity vector, but will simultaneously detect all targets to which it is matched. The results of a study to evaluate the 3-D processor are presented. Simulation results are reported which show the ability of the processor to detect targets well below the background level. These results demonstrate the capability and robustness of the processor, and show that the algorithms, although somewhat complicated, can be implemented readily. Some effects on the number of frames processed, target flight scenarios, and velocity and signature mismatch are also presented. The ability to detect multiple targets is demonstrated     

Real-time mosaicking for infrared videos from an oblique sweeping camera

Image mosaicking is widely used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) for large-scale ground surface analysis. However, most existing mosaicking methods can only be used in offline processing due to the enormous amounts of computation. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical algorithm for real-time infrared video mosaicking. To achieve this, a novel fast template matching algorithm based on Sum of Cosine Differences (SCD) is proposed to coarsely match the sequential images. The high speed of the proposed template matching algorithm is obtained by computing correlation with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We also propose a novel fast Least Squares Matching (LSM) algorithm for inter-frame fine registration, which can significantly reduce the computation without degrading the matching accuracy. In addition, the proposed fast LSM can effectively adapt for noise degradation and geometric distortion. Based on the proposed fast template matching algorithm and fine registration algorithm, we develop a practical real-time mosaicking approach which can produce seamless mosaic image highly efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not just computationally efficient but also robust against various noise distortions.     

SINS/BDS紧组合系统中自适应 两阶段扩展卡尔曼滤波

在实际应用中，以伪距/伪距率为观测量的SINS/BDS紧组合导航系统，存在量测噪声的统计特性与实际不相符的情况，传统扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）方法无法有效解决这一问题，从而引起滤波误差增大。提出了一种SINS/BDS紧组合导航系统的GDOP估算及在线估计量测噪声的自适应两阶段EKF（ATEKF）方法，该方法使用经过紧组合修正后的SINS输出的位置，并结合星历数据中提供的卫星位置求解GDOP。在此基础上，利用GDOP值以及新息，实现了紧组合导航系统的量测噪声方差阵（Rk）的在线实时估计，从而达到自适应滤波的效果，改善导航精度。     

航空器通信寻址报告系统数据处理技术研究

在实时追踪航空器动态的各类信息中,航空器通信寻址报告系统(ACARS)数据的精度和更新速度虽然无法和空管雷达相比,但其作用距离远、信息内容丰富的优点对空中交通管理尤为重要。由于目前国内民航采用的ACARS数据处理系统全部是引进美国ARINC公司的产品,极大地的限制了ACARS数据的应用。本文将尝试研究ACARS数据处理技术,以期对开发中国自己的数据处理系统做出贡献。     

多项式拟合法在飞机试飞中的应用研究

主要研究了多项式拟合法在飞机颤振试飞数据处理中的应用技术,讨论了在数据预处理中应用指数窗对抑制噪声、提高数据处理结果精度的影响,最后提出了科学合理的数据处理方法,从而大大提高了试飞结果的准确性。     

改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法在MEMS航姿参考系统中的应用

针对经典Kalman滤波和扩展Kalman滤波融合算法存在的计算量大、精度低、实时性差的缺点，引入了改进的Sage-Husa自适应扩展Kalman滤波算法。该算法对经典扩展Kalman滤波算法进行了自适应改进，并在此基础上利用加权渐消记忆法获取了遗忘因子，并通过预测残差得出了最优解。同时，用调整有偏增益估计的措施来保证系统噪声预测方差矩阵与噪声预测方差矩阵的对称性和正定性，对滤波器发散进行了有效的抑制，减少了算法的计算量。实验结果表明，该算法有效改善了可靠性、精确性及自适应能力。     

Noise factor and antenna gains in the signal/noise equation for over-the-horizon radar

A recommended form of the signal-to-noise equation that includes both internal and external system noise and signal/noise processing losses is discussed. The recommended form conforms to the internationally accepted definition of system operating noise factor but is extended to include signal/noise processing. The predetection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a radar or communication system is proportional to the power gain of the transmit antenna and the directive gain of the receive antenna, and is inversely proportional to the operating noise factor of the receiving system. The operating noise factor is approximately equal to the product of the external noise factor and the signal/noise processing factor when the system is external noise limited, as is usually the case for over-the-horizon (OTH) radar.<>