一种新型机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台陀螺安装方式

陀螺安装方式及相应的算法编排是稳定平台设计中的一项关键技术。针对机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台特点,提出了将方位陀螺安装在方位环上,俯仰陀螺和横滚陀螺安装在俯仰环上的陀螺安装方式。利用空间矢量分解理论分析了陀螺输出角速度信号的投影关系及电机控制信号的分配;基于稳定平台系统模型,对理想正交情况和考虑陀螺安装误差情况进行了仿真分析,验证了此种安装方式的可行性和优越性。分析表明,在同等条件下,所提出的安装方式减小了稳定平台的机械尺寸,降低了稳定平台的重量和功耗,实现了三维角速度的正交测量,简化了三轴解耦控制算法。研究结论可为其他三轴稳定平台结构设计和陀螺安装方式设计提供参考。     

金属壳固体波动陀螺信号提取方法研究

金属壳固体波动陀螺是利用驻波的进动特性来敏感输入角速率的一种新型 壳体振动陀螺,具有结构简单、功耗低、抗冲击性强、稳定性高等优点,可广泛应用于 中低精度角速度测量领域。针对金属壳固体波动陀螺信号提取方法进行研究,在分析其 工作原理和基本数学模型的基础上, 提出利用四回路控制方法, 进行角速度解算。首 先,通过激励电极和反馈电极对振子振动特性进行控制;其次,通过阻尼电极和检测电 极抑制振子振型偏移;最后,根据阻尼控制力解算出输入角速度。通过仿真计算,给出 了角速度解算结果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

旋转调制式惯性平台的圆锥运动误差

转调制式空间稳定平台采用陀螺壳体翻滚技术,陀螺壳体翻滚在平台伺服跟踪作用下将形成圆锥运动。圆锥运动误差会引起陀螺漂移,对高精度、长航时惯性导航系统的精度将造成严重影响。首先,介绍了高精度、长航时旋转调制式惯性平台的基本工作原理,推导了平台上的陀螺沿旋转主轴相对地球的角速度。其次,阐述了陀螺壳体翻滚的圆锥运动,推导了壳体翻滚装置和框架伺服系统的跟踪误差及牵连运动角速度引起的圆锥运动附加漂移误差公式。再次,根据数值举例给出了计算机仿真曲线,指出该误差对高精度系统的危害。最后,得出结论：为了实现圆锥运动误差极小化,确保系统长时间运行精度和可靠性,必须实时扣除牵连运动角速度引起的圆锥运动误差分量,并优化设计壳体翻滚装置与平台伺服系统。     

用最佳旋转轴方法形成误差信号的飞行器姿态控制系统

本文重点讨论采用所谓最佳旋转轴方法来形成飞行器纵轴指向控制的误差信号,对于绕飞行器纵轴本身转动的控制主要讨论了滚动稳定和倾斜稳定两种情况下误差信号的形成。详细推导了它们的计算公式。作为这个方法应用的例子,我们还讨论了如果飞行器上安装一个三轴平台或一组捷联式速率陀螺时,怎样由它们敏感的信号形成姿态控制误差信号,并给出了相应的姿态控制系统原理结构图。     

三轴陀螺稳定平台的惯量耦合问题研究

分析了三轴陀螺稳定平台的惯量耦合规律,给出了转动惯量耦合方程,并进行仿真计算与分析,从而为陀螺稳定平台的进一步研究工作打下了基础。     

无陀螺捷联惯导系统

阐述了无陀螺捷联惯导系统的原理,推导了其力学编排方程,提出并论证了提高载体角速度的计算值精度的方法。从而得到了适于工程应用的无陀螺捷联惯导系统方案,对该方案进行了计算机仿真计算。得到了满意的结果。     

极端瞬态力作用下金属壳谐振陀螺结构强度分析

金属壳谐振陀螺是利用驻波的进动特性来敏感输入角速率的一种新型壳体振动陀螺，其具有结构简单、功耗低、抗冲击性强、稳定性高等优点，可被广泛应用于中低精度角速度测量领域。针对极端瞬态力作用下金属壳谐振陀螺的结构强度进行了研究，在分析其工作原理和基本数学模型的基础上，利用有限元仿真方法，在通用炮射环境条件下进行了分析。通过仿真计算，给出了金属壳谐振陀螺的结构强度分析结果，验证了其抗过载能力。     

光纤陀螺惯导稳定平台与旋转调制方法

光纤陀螺仪在随机误差方面表现出极佳的性能优势,但受限于其标度因数不理想的现实。针对航海用长航时、高精度光纤陀螺惯导系统的使用需求,设计了基于光纤陀螺数字信号实现载体三维角运动隔离的同时完成惯性测量装置的旋转调制功能,可有效减小光纤陀螺标度因数误差与载体运动角速度的耦合误差,同时充分发挥光纤陀螺随机游走小的精度优势。理论仿真验证了光纤惯导稳定平台加旋转调制方法的优越性和可行性,为光纤陀螺惯导系统在高精度导航领域中的应用提供了技术基础。     

激光陀螺捷联惯组角动态误差分析及其抑制方法CSCD

二频机抖激光陀螺捷联惯组在高动态载体上的角动态误差日渐成为影响其应用精度提升的重要因素。针对此问题,从各陀螺抖动耦合激励惯性敏感器本体组件圆锥运动产生误差,以及载体过载、振动环境引起陀螺敏感轴弯曲变形摆动产生单表级圆锥误差两个方面,对激光陀螺动态误差进行了理论分析。结合工程应用实际情况,分别对两项误差进行计算和仿真,得出理论误差可达0.01(°)/h以上,必须进行抑制的结论。根据误差产生机理,总结了合理配置各陀螺抖动频率和提升陀螺敏感轴弯曲刚度以抑制其弯曲变形的措施,并给出了抑制效果,可为提升激光陀螺捷联惯组角动态精度提供参考。     

基于MEMS陀螺和加计的微惯性测量单元研制

微惯性测量单元具有成本低、体积小、功耗低和抗冲击等优点,可以应用在车辆稳定控制、平台稳定及导航控制系统中,具有广阔的市场应用前景.详细介绍了采用三轴MEMS陀螺和三轴MEMS加速度计研制的微惯性测量单元硬件设计,对信号进行预处理、陀螺漂移补偿、降噪等处理.所研制的低成本MIMU经过补偿后零位漂移保持在:X轴、Y轴、Z轴,可以应用到普通导航领域.     

Strapdown Gyros in a Back-to-Back Configuration

A back-to-back connection of two gyros per axis is suggested that eliminates some of the errors due to cross coupling between the components of vehicle angular rates and accelerations. In particular, the error due to output axis angular acceleration, the anisoinertia error, and the spin reference axis rectification error theoretically vanish. Use of redundant and identical strapdown systems for the purpose of obtaining higher reliability makes this connection practical.     

Principles Involved in the LM Rendezvous Radar Redundant Gyro System

For typical failure rates the probability of two or more of four gyros failing is very much less than one or both of two. Thus, a single redundancy system of four gyros greatly enhances system reliability. The orientation of the sensitive axes of four gyros is specified and means of generating outputs dependent only on gyro inconsistencies are defined. The voting logic and plots of switching decision zones are developed. The hardware required to implement this logic is shown to be simple and thus reliable. The use of rate integrating gyros requires the limitation of error integration time in order to avoid spurious failure signals. This is achieved by a reset cycle which realigns the four gyros at regular intervals. False error signals can be generated if inputs are large enough to exceed linear ranges of various components downstream of the gyros.     

Railway track inspection using INS-BINS-N

The results of an integrated strap-down inertial system development and tests are presented. The system includes laser gyros and accelerometers and is intended for measuring railway track angular parameters. To raise the accuracy of angles and distance measurements the inertial system is integrated with a GPS receiver and an odometer. Test results showed that BINS-N accuracy is better than the accuracy of an issued system     

Magnetically suspended MEMS spinning wheel gyro

A concept of a magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyro is described. The gyro is based on a patented, planar magnetic actuator and position sensor configuration with a gyro wheel that is rotated by a multi-phase electromagnetic spin motor. The motor and actuator/sensor configurations, in addition to providing the necessary forces to suspend the spinning wheel, are amenable to fabrication using some of the developing MEMS fabrication technologies, making batch fabrication of the gyro possible. This provide the capability for high production yield in high volume through the use of batch processing, without the need for skilled hand labor, resulting in high yields, high reliability, and low cost of ownership. The gyro concept is described in detail. The high-speed rotation of the wheel, somewhat smaller than a dime, can produce an angular momentum much larger than that of the Coriolis force based MEMS gyros now receiving intensive development, and is expected to provide considerably higher performance than currently available from this class of instrument. Two axes of angular rate information and three axes of acceleration information are provided by the control loops that center the wheel within the case. Thus, two such magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyros can be used to implement a complete IMU, and can also provide redundancy in three of the five degrees of freedom     

IDENTIFICATION OF GYRO DRIFTS UNDER THREE AXIS ATTITUDE COUPLING

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Gyro Misalignment and Encoder Quantization Effects During Multi-Axis Evaluation of Strapdown Gyros

This paper presents a quantitative discussion of two error sources which affect the accuracy of data comparison between instrument outputs and reference angle computations during multi-axis evaluation of strapdown gyros. The error due to misalignment of gyro input axes is formulated in terms of closed-form solutions for typical relationships between the three table gimbal rotation histories. If the angular positions of the table gimbal axes are measured by shaft encoders, then any measurement has an uncertainty in the range from plus to minus one-half of the quantization level. It is shown that the effect of encoder quantization error on the computer transformed angles in the bodyfixed coordinate system can be divided into two parts: the initial uncertainty of the zero positions of the gimbals before table motion is begun, and all subsequent error contributions during table test. Typical data for gyro misalignment and encoder quantization error effects are presented.     

弹性体上惯性测量系统的传递对准

 给出了一套弹性体上惯性测量系统的传递对准方案。该方法只采用角速度陀螺作为测量元件,能够对传感器误差进行补偿,并且可给出两套测量坐标系失配角的可靠估计。本文应用弹性力学的模态法建立机翼的运动方程;应用自适应Kalman滤波器在线估计由空气动力诱导的广义外力。     

基于角增量提取的旋转矢量算法研究

在某些由光纤陀螺或微机电陀螺组成的捷联航姿系统中,陀螺输出的是角速率。针对这种情况,归纳了基于角增量提取的二子样、三子样和四子样旋转矢量姿态算法,推导了这些算法的圆锥误差表达式,比较了它们的性能。     

火箭橇水刹车戽斗入水运动的阻力预测

火箭橇水刹车戽斗作为火箭橇高速试验的减速装置,附加质量较大,运行速度快,在利用水的冲击作用减速时,承受很大的载荷。为了确保火箭橇水刹车戽斗的安全,同时达到预期的减速效果,对火箭橇水刹车戽斗的运动情况进行数值仿真分析。借助Abaqus中的流固耦合技术,通过CEL方法对火箭橇水刹车戽斗入水运动情况进行分析,得到火箭橇水刹车戽斗在多种不同运动情况下的阻力曲线,并根据流体阻力理论计算公式,拟合出该火箭橇水戽斗入水的流体阻力计算公式。利用该公式可对该火箭橇水刹车戽斗在不同速度、不同初始水位高度下所受的阻力进行预测。