蠕动式压电驱动微小型电火花加工装置的电极驱动方

针对蠕动式压电驱动微小型电火花加工装置提出了一种新颖的细分蠕动式的电极直接驱动方法和小幅振动式进给方式,使电极进给频率由原来的50Hz提高到250Hz,从而使加工效率大大提高.     

超声波直接驱动电极的小型电火花加工装置的设计

介绍一种新型电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置及驱动控制原理．主要由压电驱动体、电极丝和导向器组成。电极的进给方向由两个压电驱动器的振动方式来决定．该装置具有体积小、重量轻、结构简单、响应速度快等优点。     

微细电火花加工微驱动机构设计

分析了柔性铰链及压电陶瓷的原理和特点,指出了压电陶瓷-柔性铰链机构在微进给中具有高响应频率、高精度和无间隙等优点,满足微细电火花加工的要求。并将压电陶瓷与整体式柔性铰链相结合,设计出一种压电驱动蠕动式微进给机构。     

微细电火花加工用宏微驱动系统

研制了一种宏微电极伺服驱动系统 ,并对系统性能进行了测试。该系统由压电陶瓷与步进电机组合而成 ,能实现电极的高性能伺服 ,并可实现振动式进给 ,以利于蚀除产物的排出 ,改善电火花加工的间隙状态     

Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削加工表面质量的试验研究

为探索利用简单形状砂轮对陶瓷材料进行数控展成型面超声磨削,通过对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给超声磨削和机械磨削对比试验研究,探索各加工参数对磨削表面质量的影响规律.结果表明:超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向平行时可降低表面粗糙度值,而超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向垂直时则不利于改善加工表面质量;在超声磨削条件下,为了提高加工表面质量,应采取较小的磨削深度、较低的进给速度和适当高的磨削速度以及复合进给磨削方式.结合试验结果理论分析了蠕动进给超声磨削和蠕动进给机械磨削加工机理,并根据试验结果选择磨削参数进行了陶瓷叶片型面超声磨削的可行性试验.     

电火花平动加工策略研究

研究了工具电极进给速度和电规准对加工速度和表面粗糙度的影响规律，提出一种优化工具电极进给速度和电规准的加工策略，在保证加工精度和表面粗糙度要求的前提下，可大幅度提高生产效率。     

榫槽结构浸没式管电极内喷液电解切割加工

在航空发动机中，用于连接涡轮盘和叶片的榫槽/榫头结构加工精度、表面质量要求极高，现有加工技术还不能实现涡轮盘榫槽结构的低成本、高效、高质量加工。电解线切割具有加工精度高、加工表面质量好、加工灵活性强等特点，对涡轮盘榫槽结构的低成本加工具有原理性优势。针对管电极内喷液电解切割时，切缝侧壁表面粗糙度不均匀问题，提出了浸没式管电极内喷液电解切割加工方法。在较为稳定、均匀的外部流场和快速流动的加工间隙内部流场共同作用下，实现了大厚度难加工材料的高效高质量加工。结果表明，相比于管电极内喷液电解切割，浸没式管电极内喷液电解切割加工出的切缝侧壁表面粗糙度比较均匀，整体加工质量较好。优选出内喷液压力，以4.5μm/s的进给速度在20 mm厚的高温合金GH4169工件上加工出表面粗糙度为Ra 1.247μm的涡轮盘榫槽结构。     

扭叶片整体叶轮电火花加工成形电极设计

针对目前整体扭叶片叶轮难于加工的现状，提出了采用分离式组合成形电极加工整体叶轮的方法。同时还对成形电极设计过程中遇到的进给方向确定，避免与相邻叶片发生干涉等具体问题进行了论述     

特种加工专题

超小型电加工机床的开发[英]/Higuch T,et al.∥CIRP,1991,40(1):203～206 通过在电极进给机构中采用简化的驱动机构(进给步长微小,利用压电元件的快速变形特性),开发了外形尺寸为18mm×24mm×68mm的超小型电加工机床,其对微孔的加工特性可与普通电加工机床媲美。     

基于电极切向旋转进给法的 低刚度锥杆类零件精密电火花加工

提出了基于圆盘电极切向旋转进给法的低刚度锥杆类零件的电火花精密加 工方法。首先介绍了基于等厚损耗原则的圆盘电极设计原理,进而通过电火花加工工艺 的三因素全因子实验考察了峰值电流、脉宽、占空比对工件材料去除率（MRR）、相对 电极损耗率（TWR） 和表面粗糙度（SR） 的影响, 并对电火花加工工艺参数进行优化 从而应用于锥杆类零件的加工。加工出的反馈杆性能一致性高、表面质量好,加工时间 短,试验结果表明基于圆盘电极切向旋转进给法的电火花加工工艺对提高低刚度锥杆的 加工工艺的可靠性和加工效率、提高电极利用率方面有较大优势。     

Electrochemical machining of burn-resistant Ti40 alloy

This study investigates the feasibility of using electrochemical machining(ECM) to produce critical aeroengine components from a new burn-resistant titanium alloy(Ti40), thereby reducing costs and improving efficiency relative to conventional mechanical machining.Through this, it is found that an aqueous mix of sodium chloride and potassium bromide provides the optimal electrolyte and that the surface quality of the Ti40 workpiece is improved by using a pulsed current of1 k Hz rather than a direct current.Furthermore, the quality of cavities produced by ECM and the overall material removal rate are determined to be dependent on a combination of operating voltage, electrolyte inlet pressure, cathode feeding rate and electrolyte concentration.By optimizing these parameters, a surface roughness of 0.371 lm has been achieved in conjunction with a specific removal rate of more than 3.1 mm3/A?min.     

非对称来流下隔离段动态压力特性

为了探讨非对称来流下矩形隔离段内动态压力特性,用直联实验方式以及动态压力测量技术进行了试验,并用统计分析方法分析了数据。实验结果表明,入口来流的非对称性对上下壁面压力脉动大小以及传播平均速度有较大影响,而对频率无多大影响。激波串区域内壁面压力脉动向下游传播比向上游传播衰减得快。在隔离段出口超声速条件下,观测到的压力脉动频率主要在70 Hz以下,而在出口亚声速条件时,压力脉动的频率不仅有70Hz以下的部分,而且还有100~200 Hz之间的部分。     

吸气式脉冲爆震发动机壁温试验

为了探索各频率下管壁温度随时间的变化趋势及爆震管外壁面的温度分布规律,对爆震室内径68mm,长2 000mm,以汽油为燃料、空气为氧化剂的吸气式脉冲爆震发动机进行试验,用热成像仪对稳定工作在10Hz,20Hz,40Hz下的管壁温度进行了监测。结果表明:同一频率下随时间的增加壁面温度增加速度减小;热平衡时壁面温度随频率的增加而增长,10Hz,20Hz,40Hz热平衡时外壁面最高温度分别在726℃,1011.5℃,1159.5℃以上;热平衡前管壁温度的增长速度随频率的增加而增加,管壁温度的增长速度跟频率约成正比;爆震室上沿着压缩波叠加至形成爆震的方向,温度在外壁面上递增分布,在爆震形成区温度最高,从爆震形成区到发动机出口处,温度在外壁面上逐渐降低;各频率下最高温度区位置基本不变,距点火位置1 350mm左右;同一轴向位置上的外壁面温度随频率的增加而增加,温度的增长幅度随频率的增加而减小。     

Operation of a Rotary-valved Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Utilizing Liquid-kerosene and Oxygen

The pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE) requires periodic supply of oxidizer, fuel and purge gas. A rotary-valve assembly is fabricated to control the periodic supply in this research. Oxygen and liquid aviation kerosene are used as oxidizer and fuel respectively. An ordinary automobile spark plug, with ignition energy as low as 50 mJ, is used to initiate combustion. Steady operation of the PDRE is achieved with operating frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. Experimentally measured pressure is lower than theoretical value by 13% at 1 Hz and 37% at 10 Hz, and there also exists a velocity deficit at different operating frequencies. Both of these two phenomena are believed mainly due to droplet size which depends on atomization and vaporiza-tion of liquid fuel.     

飞机壁板自动钻铆机气动送钉技术

送钉系统作为飞机壁板自动钻铆机的重要组成部分,极大地影响着铆接效率和设备的稳定性。对沉头铆钉的软管气力输送系统进行分析,并根据沉头铆钉外形着重对铆钉运动、输送管道内径和管道入口输送气压进行深入研究。通过弯道卡钉分析,并结合铆钉输送动力系数,得到最优的管道内径;理论分析输送铆钉过程中的压强损失,并结合铆钉输送时间,计算得到合适的管道入口输送气压。最后通过不同内径管道送钉的试验验证了输送管道内径的选择方法,通过不同输送气压送钉的试验验证了管道入口输送气压的计算方法。     

基于锁相环的光电振荡器频率稳定化研究

通过构建小数分频锁相环,将一个工作于X波段的OEO(OptoElectronic Oscillator,光电振荡器)与OCXO(Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator,恒温晶体振荡器)进行锁相,得到了输出信号相位噪声和长期频率稳定度的提升。从PLL(Phase-Locked Loop,锁相环)环路传输特性出发,理论分析了PLL输出信号环路带宽内相位噪声水平和作用范围。为降低OEO整体的相位噪声,采用SIL(Self-Injection-Locking,自注入锁定)使OEO在10Hz~10kHz频偏处的相位噪声得到20dB以上的抑制。在此基础上将此SIL OEO与一个频率为100 MHz的OCXO锁相,获得了频率为9.95GHz、相位噪声为-55dBc/Hz@10Hz和-124dBc/Hz@10kHz的微波信号输出,其频率的重叠阿伦方差在100s平均时间内达到1.14×10~(-11),证明了提出的方案对提升OEO频率稳定性具有一定的实际意义。     

周期节流扰动下激波串振荡流动的数值模拟

基于动网格方法数值模拟并分析来流马赫数为6，二元进气道/隔离段构型在频率为50～500 Hz周期节流下的激波串振荡流动。结果表明：当节流比在0.2～0.32范围内周期变化时，隔离段出现与节流频率相同的激波串振荡现象。节流频率会影响激波串振荡幅度和壁面压强波动特性。50 Hz与100 Hz工况的激波串流向振幅相近，100～500 Hz范围内随频率增加，流向振幅从15.5 mm减小至10.8 mm。壁面压强随频率的变化规律更加复杂，以凹腔中部为界，其上游壁面压强时均值、均方差峰值整体随频率增加而降低，其中50 Hz工况唇口侧壁面压强均方差峰值可达21倍来流静压，但其下游壁面压强无明显规律。分析表明节流频率对激波串振荡的影响与节流扰动的传播时间相关，工程设计中需综合考虑构型与反压参数对激波串振荡的影响。     

双管脉冲爆震火箭发动机实验研究

为研究双管脉冲爆震火箭发动机共同工作的协同性,以航空煤油和氧气作为燃料和氧化剂,基于双管脉冲爆震火箭发动机系统进行了单管单独工作与双管同时工作的实验,工作频率范围为5～25Hz,对压力和推力的测量结果表明,双管同时工作对单管稳定工作几乎不会产生影响;推力测量数据显示,相同工况下,双管同时工作产生的推力与两单管单独工作产生的推力之和基本相等,无论单管还是双管,在5～15Hz频率范围内,平均推力基本上线性增加,在15～25Hz频率范围内,平均推力增加逐渐趋缓。     

The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation

The Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation is designed to study radio emissions, plasma waves, thermal plasma, and dust in the vicinity of Saturn. Three nearly orthogonal electric field antennas are used to detect electric fields over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 16 MHz, and three orthogonal search coil magnetic antennas are used to detect magnetic fields over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 12 kHz. A Langmuir probe is used to measure the electron density and temperature. Signals from the electric and magnetic antennas are processed by five receiver systems: a high frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 3.5 kHz to 16 MHz, a medium frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 24 Hz to 12 kHz, a low frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 1 Hz to 26 Hz, a five-channel waveform receiver that covers the frequency range from 1 Hz to 2.5 kHz in two bands, 1 Hz to 26 Hz and 3 Hz to 2.5 kHz, and a wideband receiver that has two frequency bands, 60 Hz to 10.5 kHz and 800 Hz to 75 kHz. In addition, a sounder transmitter can be used to stimulate plasma resonances over a frequency range from 3.6 kHz to 115.2 kHz. Fluxes of micron-sized dust particles can be counted and approximate masses of the dust particles can be determined using the same techniques as Voyager. Compared to Voyagers 1 and 2, which are the only spacecraft that have made radio and plasma wave measurements in the vicinity of Saturn, the Cassini radio and plasma wave instrument has several new capabilities. These include (1) greatly improved sensitivity and dynamic range, (2) the ability to perform direction-finding measurements of remotely generated radio emissions and wave normal measurements of plasma waves, (3) both active and passive measurements of plasma resonances in order to give precise measurements of the local electron density, and (4) Langmuir probe measurements of the local electron density and temperature. With these new capabilities, it will be possible to perform a broad range of studies of radio emissions, wave-particle interactions, thermal plasmas and dust in the vicinity of Saturn.DeceasedThis revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

A digital quadrature demodulation system

Existing digital quadrature demodulation techniques sample the input at either 2B Hz or 4B Hz, select the even samples as the in-phase (I), and interpolate the odd samples to give the quadrature (Q), output. The signal bandwidth is B. We propose a demodulation system to produce I and Q samples at arbitrary sampling rate greater than 2B Hz. The system eliminates the IF downconversion step with a special sampling scheme. The even samples correspond to the I component, while the Q components are the filtered output. The filter can be a lowpass or least squares (LS) filter. The lowpass filter design is based on trade-offs between the filter length and the degree of oversampling. It produces similar results as previous work when the sampling rate is 2B Hz or 4B Hz. Unlike existing methods which assume the input is white, a LS filter, on the other hand, can make use of input signal characteristics to achieve a better result. The higher the correlation in the input the larger the improvement. The cost for LS filtering is a coefficient update step if the input is time varying. A scheme to cancel dc offset from analog to digital (A/D) converters is also given