SiCp/Al复合材料加工损伤及刀具优选研究进展

SiC_p/Al复合材料中增强相SiC颗粒的存在降低了该材料的加工性能,使得其切削加工时产生一系列加工损伤。本文综述了SiC_p/Al复合材料的加工缺陷类型、缺陷形成机理、缺陷控制策略和切削刀具的磨损机理与优选策略,并对今后SiC_p/Al复合材料加工损伤研究进行了展望。     

Simulation of temperature distribution and discharge crater of SiCp/Al composites in a single-pulsed arc discharge

SiC_p/Al composites are difficult-to-cut materials. In recent years, electrical arc discharge machining has been developed to improve the machinability of these materials. However, there is a big challenge to build a satisfactory heat transfer model of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc machining. This is not only because of the material property difference between the reinforcement and matrix material but also because of the micro-dimension SiC reinforcements. This paper established a new heat conduction simulation model considering the SiC particle-Al matrix interface and the phase change effects in a single-pulsed arc discharge of SiC_p/Al composites. A novel SiC particle-Al matrix cell geometric model was designed firstly. Then, the temperature distribution at a different depth from the workpiece surface was analyzed, the influence of sic volume fraction on temperature field was studied, and the contribution of the interface thermal resistance and latent heat were explained. To demonstrate the validity of the new numerical model, comparisons and verifications were employed. Finally, the method of improving the model was proposed and the machining mechanism of arc discharge of SiC_p/Al matrix materials was discussed. It was found that high temperature is prone to concentrate on the surface layers of the workpiece especially when the SiC fraction is high, also, the temperature fluctuates respectively at the evaporation point of aluminum and SiC, and the SiC-Al resistance has less influence on temperature distribution compared to latent heat, etc. The model build in this work improves the simulation accuracy observably compared to the previous model, and the simulation work will help to acquire a detailed mechanism of material removal of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc discharge machining.     

铣削加工参数对SiCp/Al复合材料表面粗糙度的影响

文摘SiC_p/Al复合材料在切削加工中存在严重的表面质量问题。本文设计单因素试验,采用硬质合金涂层刀具对SiC_p/Al复合材料进行铣削加工,研究了加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:表面粗糙度随切削速度的增大先增大后减小,随进给量、径向切深、轴向切深的增大而增大;使用较大的切削速度、较小的进给量和不大于4 mm的径向切深能获得较好的加工表面质量。     

SiCp/Al复合材料切削仿真研究

文摘针对SiC_p/Al复合材料的难加工性,建立了二维有限元切削模型,利用ABAQUS完成复合材料正交切削的动态物理仿真。通过仿真与实验结果的比较,验证模型的准确性。同时,利用该切削模型分析颗粒分布形式、直径及刀尖圆弧半径对切削力的影响。结果表明,SiC颗粒的分布形式对切屑形态和切削力具有明显的影响,颗粒形成团簇不利于复合材料加工。切削力随颗粒直径的增大而减小,随刀尖圆弧半径的增大而增大。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

高体分SiCp/Al复合材料表面吸附氦气特性

针对高体分SiC_p/Al复合材料气密性问题,系统研究了镀覆、原材料方向性对表面氦气吸附性能影响规律。研究发现该材料经镀覆处理后,其表面氦气吸附合格率提高20%,且随着镀层厚度的增加合格率逐渐提高;不同的机械加工方式对表面氦气吸附合格率影响较小;原材料存在方向各异性,横向切削下料方式下氦气吸附合格率高达91%,纵向切削下料方式下合格率仅为68%。     

高速切削有限元模拟技术研究

有限元模拟是研究高速切削机理的有效方法,本文致力于有限元模拟所必需的关键技术研究。依据大变形理论和虚功原理对高速切削过程进行分析,建立了基于拉格朗日描述的有限元控制方程。通过研究材料动态本构关系、刀屑接触、切屑分离、切屑断裂和切削热动态耗散与传导关键技术建立了正交切削有限元模型,提出材料本构关系建立方法和切屑断裂能量解释观点,最后结合实例进行高速切削模拟,并对模拟结果进行分析和验证,指出所建立的有限元模型是合理的。     

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook (TANH) constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables (i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature) implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments, which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.     

SiC_p/Al复合材料高速铣削切削力模型建立

使用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具并采用正交试验设计法,对含不同体分比的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/2009Al)进行高速铣削试验。在测量切削力和切屑厚度的基础上,建立了剪切角、剪切应力和摩擦角的预测模型,并结合金属切削基本理论公式建立了切削力的预测模型。该模型包含铣削速度、每齿进给量、径向切宽、增强颗粒体分比等重要参数,模型对进给方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为5.9%,对铣刀径向切深方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为9.2%,皆高于普通经验公式的预测精度,从而可对SiCp/2009Al复合材料高速铣削时的铣削力进行有效预测。     

SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料铣削加工表面质量北大核心CSCD

使用PCD立式铣刀对聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料开展单因素铣削试验,通过对加工中产生的切削力和加工后的表面粗糙度进行测量,分析了铣削工艺参数对其的影响;对加工表面、纤维断口进行SEM分析,讨论了SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料加工表面的形成。研究结果表明,表面粗糙度与切削力的变化趋势相同,高主轴转速和小切削宽度有利于得到表面粗糙度较小的加工表面;近孔洞区域与远离孔洞区域的材料去除方式不同;材料中纤维发生面内偏移和层间屈曲,纤维存在多种去除方式。     

损伤演化对Ti6Al4V高速切削仿真结果的影响

利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了Ti6Al4V二维切削仿真模型，在模型其他参数（本构参数、初始损伤参数等）固定不变时，得到了不同损伤演化特征参数（断裂能）取值下的切削力、切削温度和切屑形貌，以此来研究损伤演化过程对仿真结果的影响。研究发现随着断裂能取值的减小，仿真的切削力、切削温度会降低，切屑的锯齿化程度会变得严重。在切削速度为180 m/min，进给量为0.1 mm/r的条件下进行了Ti6Al4V正交切削实验，测量了切削力，将仿真得到的主切削力和切屑锯齿化程度与实验结果进行对比，确定了适合本研究建立的仿真模型的合理断裂能值。结果表明，在使用此断裂能取值时，仿真得到的切削力和切屑形态与实验值有很好的一致性。在消除了能量密度对仿真模型的影响后，进行了4组验证实验，仿真结果与验证实验的结果相吻合，证明了断裂能取值的准确性。     

切削参数对SiCp/Al复合材料铣削棱边形貌的影响

针对20vol%的SiC_p/Al复合材料的棱边缺陷问题,利用单因素实验对其进行面铣,研究了切削参数对出口棱边形貌的影响。研究结果表明:出口棱边形貌受铣削速度变化的影响较大,在低速(40和80 m/min)和高速(200 m/min)时棱边形貌均较好;当进给量为0.02和0.04 mm/r时,出口棱边主要存在毛刺。随着进给量的不断增大,棱边出现了严重的缺陷和表层剥落,之后棱边又以少量的毛刺和缺陷为主。当只改变轴向切深时,出口棱边均会出现严重的缺陷,只改变轴向切深对改善棱边形貌质量效果不显著。因此,当铣削速度为低速或高速、进给量较小且轴向切深适中时,SiC_p/Al才能获得较好的出口棱边形貌。     

不同刀具车削加工高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂切削力研究

为探索高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的切削加工性能,对该类材料进行大直径薄壁回转类零件的车削加工。采用四种不同刀具进行实验研究,获得了不同切削参数及不同刀具材料对切削力的影响规律。试验结果表明:切削用量三要素中,切削深度对切削力的影响最大,其次是进给量,而切削速度的影响很小。当切削速度为119.32 mm/min、进给量为0.1 mm/r、背吃刀量为0.5 mm时,为最优切削参数。Ti-Al-Si-N纳米涂层硬质合金和超硬材料F2HX无涂层硬质合金刀具适合于低速加工,而PCD刀具则适合于高速加工。     

Inconel 718车削过程中刀具涂层材料和几何参数对切削力的影响研究

基于Deform 2D仿真软件建立了Inconel 718高温合金车削的有限元模型,对车削过程进行了仿真分析,获得了刀具涂层材料和刀具几何参数对切削力的影响规律。研究结果表明:Inconel 718车削过程中,采用涂层刀具时切削力无明显降低;切削力随前角增大而降低,随后角增大变化不大,随刀尖圆弧半径增大而升高,其中前角和刀尖圆弧半径影响较为显著;根据Inconel 718的切削加工性,建议Inconel 718精车时刀具几何参数的取值范围为:前角6°~8°,后角12°~14°,刀尖圆弧半径0.2~0.4mm。     

直角切削6061-T6铝合金剪切区力学行为及微观结构演化预测

力学行为是塑性变形微观过程的宏观表现,早期的金属切削理论模型没有考虑微观结构对切削力的影响。在考虑热力耦合效应的基础上建立了基于位错密度材料模型的6061-T6铝合金直角切削力预测模型,分析了不同切削参数下基于位错运动的塑性变形机制对切削力的影响。结合等分剪切区和非等分剪切区模型,构建了第一变形区多物理场计算方法,提出一种切屑形成过程中由塑性变形引起的微观结构演化解析模型。通过测量切削力和切屑内晶粒尺寸对模型的可行性进行了初步验证。结果表明：剪切区长度变长引起参与位错滑移的材料增多是切削深度增大导致切削力增大的主要原因。增大切削速度导致切削力的降低不是单一变量影响的结果,而是应变降低引起位错增殖数量减少和温度升高引起位错湮灭作用增加的共同作用结果。非等分剪切区模型正确反映了第一变形区温度和应力的分布特征,且与二维有限元模型分布相一致,建立的第一变形区微观结构演化解析模型能够预测切屑内位错密度和晶粒尺寸。     

Cutting force model and damage formation mechanism in milling of 70wt% Si/Al composite

High-mass fraction silicon aluminium composite(Si/Al composite) has unique properties of high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent wear resistance and weldability. It has attracted many applications in terms of radar communication, aerospace and automobile industry. However, rapid tool wear resulted from high cutting force and hard abrasion, and damaged machined surfaces are the main problem in machining Si/Al composite. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of milli...     

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料超低温铣削实验

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料是一种非均匀的各向异性材料,采用传统铣削方法对其进行加工时存在刀具磨损严重、切削力较大、加工效率低等问题。为此本文采用超低温冷却铣削方法对石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料进行铣削实验,并与传统干铣削方式进行了对比,分析了包括加工表面形貌、粗糙度、切削力和刀具磨损等切削性能。结果表明:两种工况下,表面粗糙度随主轴转速的提高而降低,随切深的增加呈先降低后增大趋势;相对于干铣削,不同切削速度下超低温冷却铣削有效抑制了低速干铣削纤维起毛、高速干铣削黏结剂烧蚀缺陷,表面质量都得到改善,刀具耐用度得到提高。超低温冷却引起的复合材料切削力增大,纤维断屑方式的改变以及切削热的有效降低是提高加工质量的主要原因。     

基于CDM的开口复合材料层合板结构损伤问题研究

为研究含开口复合材料层合板结构在面内载荷作用下的损伤破坏问题,基于CDM基本原理,从平面应力状态下的Gibbs自由能出发,建立描述复合材料层合板结构层内断裂破坏的二维渐进损伤关系;基于ABAQUS材料用户子程序,将上述渐进损伤关系与二维Hashin失效准则相结合,开发复合材料损伤本构模型,并对含开口复合材料层合板结构在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程进行数值模拟;通过与文献试验数据的对比,证明该模型在平面拉伸载荷状态下可以有效预测含开口层合板结构的损伤起始与扩展过程,对层合板强度的预测误差较小。应用上述模型对三种不同开口类型层合板结构在剪切载荷作用的下损伤、破坏分析,结果表明：对于相同面积的开口,不同的开口类型会导致层合板抗剪强度产生较大的差异;而在铺层相同情况下,椭圆形开口层合板的剪切强度相对较高。     

7050航空铝合金“单因素”本构模型参数与温度相关性研究

从理论和实验两方面研究7050航空铝合金"单因素"本构模型中参数与温度的相关性.通过位错理论分析和进行材料基本关系式推导指出铝合金材料模型受温度的影响.设计准静态压缩实验和高速冲击压缩实验研究材料的静、动态力学性能.通过对试验数据的分析、拟合和比较,得出7050航空铝合金"单因素"本构模型中的参数与温度相关的结论.根据试验结果建立材料参数与温度之间的数学映射,并在此基础上构建7050航空铝合金单因素"本构模型,最后进行切削实验验证模型的正确性.7050航空铝合金"单因素"本构模型的建立为进一步开展切削加工有限元模拟和进行工艺优化奠定基础.     

Study on the Fracture Behavior of SiCp/LD10 Composites by Means of In-situ SEM

With tensile loading under SEM, the nucleation, p ropagation of cracks to fracture of SiC_p/LD10 composites were observed dynamically. It was di scovered that cracks nucleated mainly at the interface of SiC_p/LD10, fractured p articles and original defects. The whole process of crack formation was that mic ro-cracks nucleated, propagated and linked each other in the stress concentrati on zone of the tip of the main crack, then combined in the perpendicular direction of main stress to from a macro-cr ack.