Ti6Al4V钛合金大进给铣削切削力与切削温度的试验研究

采用可转位涂层硬质合金刀具对Ti6Al4V钛合金进行了大进给铣削试验,研究分析了大进给铣削Ti6Al4V钛合金时每齿进给量、切削速度、轴向切深以及径向切深等切削参数对切削力和切削温度的影响。研究结果表明,随着每齿进给量和轴向切深的增加,切削力均呈现增大的趋势,而切削速度和径向切深对削力的影响并不明显;随着每齿进给量和切削速度的提高,切削温度亦呈现升高的趋势。     

SiCp/Al复合材料切削仿真研究

文摘针对SiC_p/Al复合材料的难加工性,建立了二维有限元切削模型,利用ABAQUS完成复合材料正交切削的动态物理仿真。通过仿真与实验结果的比较,验证模型的准确性。同时,利用该切削模型分析颗粒分布形式、直径及刀尖圆弧半径对切削力的影响。结果表明,SiC颗粒的分布形式对切屑形态和切削力具有明显的影响,颗粒形成团簇不利于复合材料加工。切削力随颗粒直径的增大而减小,随刀尖圆弧半径的增大而增大。     

刀具磨损形态对Ti6Al4V切削过程影响的有限元仿真研究

应用有限元仿真方法研究了不同刀具磨损形态对钛合金切削过程的影响规律。首先根据实际刀具磨损尺寸建立前刀面月牙洼磨损为主、后刀面磨损为主、前后刀面同时磨损以及刃口钝化4种磨损类型,然后应用AdvantEdge软件建立磨损后硬质合金刀具切削Ti6Al4V的仿真模型并对其进行有限元分析。结果表明:前刀面月牙洼增大时刀尖处温度减小;后刀面磨损增大时工件表层拉应力增大,次表层压应力减小;前、后刀面同时磨损时,随着磨损程度的增大,切屑曲率半径明显减小,切削力增幅相比单一磨损有所减小;刃口钝化对切削力影响最大,当钝圆半径接近进给量时,耕犁效应变得十分明显。     

微织构刀具对钛合金切屑形成影响的仿真研究

针对微织构刀具对钛合金Ti6Al4V切屑形成以及微槽二次切削机理分析的不足，通过建立热-力耦合仿真模型对比研究不同微织构刀具、微织构几何尺寸以及切削速度对切屑形成的影响规律。数值仿真结果表明：微织构刀具更有利于断屑，二次切削作用使切屑的弯曲半径变大，微织构可以减小刀屑之间实际接触面积，降低切削温度。增大微织构宽度可以增强微槽的二次切削作用，利于断屑，但应注意其对刀具强度的削弱作用，而增大相邻微槽间距则会出现相反的二次切削作用机制。提高切削速度对各刀具均有利于断屑，弧形微织构刀具的降温效果最好，V形微织构刀具次之，矩形微织构刀具降温效果最差。研究结果对进一步理解微织构刀具对钛合金切屑的二次切削作用机理提供一定参考。     

SiCp/Al超声椭圆振动车削力热特性仿真研究

SiC_p/Al复合材料在航空航天、精密仪器等诸多领域发挥重要作用,但是其在加工中会出现较高的切削力和切削温度,从而降低其车削加工表面质量和精度。为探究超声椭圆振动作用及车削工艺参数对SiC_p/Al车削的影响,在ABAQUS中建立了SiC_p/Al超声椭圆振动有限元车削仿真模型,优化了SiC_p/Al微观几何建模方法,对车削模型进行验证并开展车削仿真试验研究。试验结果表明,超声椭圆振动车削可有效减少亚表面损伤、表面裂纹等缺陷。通过变切速和变切深单因素试验,发现随着切削速度和切削深度增加,普通和超声车削主切削力和切削温度均增大,超声椭圆振动技术可有效降低SiC_p/Al车削过程的主切削力和切削温度。在所选参数中,切深100μm、切速200mm/s时超声作用降低切削力作用最大;切深20μm、切速600 mm/s时超声作用降低切削温度作用最大。     

不同纤维方向角时碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料切削力建模

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）切削中,存在纤维断裂、基体失效和界面相失效等多个过程,且不同纤维切削角时切屑形成机理不同,因而CFRP切削力的有效预测非常困难。对此本文结合最小势能原理和Winkler弹性地基梁理论,基于CFRP代表性单元（RVE）,利用其微元求解纤维挠曲变形方程,分别分析了不同纤维方向角时三个切削变形区的力学行为,并完成纤维临界损伤长度的预测,最终形成不同纤维方向角时的CFRP切削力解析模型。通过CFRP直刃铣刀铣削实验,进行了切削力模型的验证,当纤维方向角在0°~180°时,切削力计算值和实验值随纤维方向角的变化趋势相吻合,切削力大小误差在15%以内。切削力随纤维方向角的增大先增后减,分别在90°和45°附近转变变化趋势。切削形貌表明,纤维方向角为135°时,CFRP铣边加工质量较差,临界损伤长度也较大。建立的切削力解析模型可以较为准确地预测CFRP正交切削力,可为CFRP切屑形成中的力学行为分析提供理论指导。     

直角切削6061-T6铝合金剪切区力学行为及微观结构演化预测

力学行为是塑性变形微观过程的宏观表现,早期的金属切削理论模型没有考虑微观结构对切削力的影响。在考虑热力耦合效应的基础上建立了基于位错密度材料模型的6061-T6铝合金直角切削力预测模型,分析了不同切削参数下基于位错运动的塑性变形机制对切削力的影响。结合等分剪切区和非等分剪切区模型,构建了第一变形区多物理场计算方法,提出一种切屑形成过程中由塑性变形引起的微观结构演化解析模型。通过测量切削力和切屑内晶粒尺寸对模型的可行性进行了初步验证。结果表明：剪切区长度变长引起参与位错滑移的材料增多是切削深度增大导致切削力增大的主要原因。增大切削速度导致切削力的降低不是单一变量影响的结果,而是应变降低引起位错增殖数量减少和温度升高引起位错湮灭作用增加的共同作用结果。非等分剪切区模型正确反映了第一变形区温度和应力的分布特征,且与二维有限元模型分布相一致,建立的第一变形区微观结构演化解析模型能够预测切屑内位错密度和晶粒尺寸。     

高压冷却下切削GH4169切屑形态影响因素研究

高温合金属于典型的难加工材料,PCBN刀具切削GH4169时,切削力大,切削温度高,切屑形态很难得到有效控制。高压冷却作为新型的加工技术,能够有效降低切削温度,提高切屑的折断能力。首先,对高压冷却下切屑弯矩进行理论分析,获得切屑弯矩理论模型;其次,基于试验研究不同切削参数、冷却压力和刀具倒棱参数对切屑长度、卷曲半径和切屑宽度的影响规律,为进一步促进切屑控制提供一定的借鉴作用。     

基于不同前角的航空铝合金切削过程分析

为合理选用刀具前角,研究前角变化对航空铝合金7050-T7451切削过程的影响.对前角影响进行理论分析,并借助有限元软件ABAQUS/Explict建立热力耦合的平面应变正交切削模型,采用Johnson-Cook材料本构关系及失效准则模拟不同刀具前角时切屑的形成过程,对比分析了前角变化对切屑形态、切削力和切削温度的影响.仿真结果表明,大前角的刀具有利于改善切削过程,但为避免产生带状切屑,合理的前角范围应为8°～l6°.通过对两种方法的分析结果对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性,对实际加工具有一定的指导意义.     

单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模

螺旋铣削加工工艺具有降低轴向力,改善排屑、散热条件等优点,螺旋铣削力是其重要过程指标之一。对单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模方法展开研究,预测给定加工参数下的螺旋铣削力。首先,通过对螺旋铣削过程进行运动学分析和切屑几何分析,建立了螺旋铣削过程中侧刃、底刃动态切屑层模型,纤维切削方向角度模型和动态切削力计算模型。然后,分别通过侧刃直线槽铣实验和底刃半齿插铣实验,对各个切削方向角度下侧刃、底刃切削力系数进行了标定,并利用人工神经网络对切削力系数进行拟合。最后,将标定所得的切削力系数代入动态切削力计算模型中,建立了单向CFRP螺旋铣削过程动态切削力预测模型,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。与现有模型相比,该模型不仅能够预测刀具螺旋运动周期内的切削力变化情况,还可以对每个刀具自转周期内的细节进行预测,通过考虑纤维切削方向角度对切削力系数的影响,反映了单向CFRP材料的各向异性,较为准确地预测了螺旋铣削力。     

高速切削有限元模拟技术研究

有限元模拟是研究高速切削机理的有效方法,本文致力于有限元模拟所必需的关键技术研究。依据大变形理论和虚功原理对高速切削过程进行分析,建立了基于拉格朗日描述的有限元控制方程。通过研究材料动态本构关系、刀屑接触、切屑分离、切屑断裂和切削热动态耗散与传导关键技术建立了正交切削有限元模型,提出材料本构关系建立方法和切屑断裂能量解释观点,最后结合实例进行高速切削模拟,并对模拟结果进行分析和验证,指出所建立的有限元模型是合理的。     

TC4钛合金切削中切屑塑性变形分析

对TC4钛合金切削过程中锯齿形切屑形成过程和切削力的关系进行了实验研究,并对锯齿形切屑形成中微观塑性变形区进行了分析。结果表明:当切削速度大于48.75 m/min时,切屑由带状转变为锯齿形。锯齿形切屑的形成导致了切削过程中切削力的波动变化,切削力与切屑的锯齿形变化规律一致,锯齿形切屑形成中塑性变形区的宽度随切削速度的增加而减小。     

Evaluation of tool wear and cutting performance considering effects of dynamic nodes movement based on FEM simulation

An accurate estimation of tool wear morphology can provide the opportunity to investigate the influence of tool wear on cutting performance as well as reduce the overall production cost. However, tool wear prediction is still a very challenging research issue. In this paper, a novel method for simulating the actual chip formation and wear evolution thorough the 3D finite element model has been carried out. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the influence of worn tool, stress and temperature distribution on wear rate are considered. Then cutting experiment has been conducted by turning AISI1045 with uncoated carbide tools to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. The comparison between experimental and simulation results show good agreement which proves the ability of the proposed model in forecasting the tool wear. The validated finite element model has been further utilized studying how the worn tool affects the cutting performance including actual cutting rake, stress distribution, cutting force and temperature. The results of this paper not only provide a clear understanding of wear evolution between tool rake face and chip, but also are meaningful to optimize tool design and cutting parameters.     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

An improved analytical model of cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V

Cutting heat has significant effects on the machined surface integrity of titanium alloys in the aerospace field. Many unwanted problems such as surface burning, work hardening, and tool wear can be induced by high cutting temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the cutting temperature of titanium alloys. In this paper, an improved analytical model of the cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of titanium alloys is proposed based on the Komanduri-Hou model and the Huang-Liang model. The temperatures at points in a cutting tool, chip, and workpiece are calculated by using the moving heat source method. The tool relief angle is introduced into the proposed model, and imaginary mirrored heat sources of the shear plane heat source and the frictional heat source are applied to calculate the temperature rise in a semi-infinite medium. The heat partition ratio along the tool-chip interface is determined by the discretization method. For validation purpose, orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is performed on a lathe by using a sharp tool. Experimental results show to be consistent well with those of the proposed model,yielding a relative difference of predicted temperature from 0.49% to 9.00%. The model demonstrates its ability of predicting cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V.     

薄壁件周铣切削力建模与表面误差预测方法研究

薄壁件加工变形是影响加工精度与质量的关键因素,而切削力建模则是预测表面加工误差的基础。针对两种典型的切削力模型,系统地研究了薄壁件周铣加工过程中切削力变化及表面变形误差分布的有限元计算方法,提出了基于三维非规则网格的刀具/工件变形的耦合迭代格式以及恒定网格下材料去除效应的变刚度处理方法等关键技术,仿真过程充分考虑了切屑厚度变化及不同切削参数对预测结果的影响。以典型钛合金航空材料构件为例,数值计算结果与实验参考数据比较表明,两种切削力模型对同一切削过程的预测均具有很好的一致性。     

TC4合金等温成形过程模拟与组织预测

在试验研究的基础上，建立了能够反映锻造热力参数对材料成形性能影响的新型本构方程，并采用变形与传热耦合分析的刚塑性有限元数值模拟方法，全面系统地研究了TC4合金的等温成形过程，基于建立的该合金动态再结晶组织的演化模型，定量地预测了等温成形过程中TC4合金微观组织的演变情况，并分析讨论了工艺参数合金微观组织演变过程的影响，从而为TC4合金热成形工艺参数的优化设计和控制提供了基础。     

基于SVR和NSGA-II的钛合金铣削参数多目标优化

对钛合金材料Ti6Al4V铣削加工进行有限元数值计算,结合试验设计方法构建了基于支持向量回归机（SVR）的铣削力预测模型,以材料去除率和刀具寿命为优化目标,提出一种基于支持向量回归机和带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）的优化方法。结果表明,该方法能够获得满意的Pareto解集,为钛合金铣削参数优化提供一种新的方法,具有良好的推广价值。