转台离心机动态半径测试方法的研究

精确测量离心机动态半径长度是离心机研制工作的关键和难点。根据动态测试理论要求与离心机的实际情况,提出了一种对线加速度模拟转台离心机动态半径进行测量的新方法。该方法选择了两个电容传感器,一个测量径向变化,一个测量轴向变化,组成双通道测量系统。介绍了该系统的数据采集与传输方法,论证了动态测试原理及其实验过程。实验结果证明,该系统对于动态测量范围可达到200μm,动态重复测量误差达到±0.5μm。此法可推广应用到其它类似的动态测试系统中。     

级间开缝间隙传感器动态测试方法研究

针对某型号分离面间隙传感器的测试要求,提出了一种间隙位移传感器的动态测试方案,设计了测量系统,通过激光测试法测量并记录级间开缝间隙传感器CI1-27在自由弹出状态下的输出响应。经应用,该方法操作便捷,数据可靠,为间隙传感器的动态测试提供了一种新的参考。     

级间开缝间隙传感器动态测试方法研究CSCD

针对某型号分离面间隙传感器的测试要求,提出了一种间隙位移传感器的动态测试方案,设计了测量系统,通过激光测试法测量并记录级间开缝间隙传感器CI1-27在自由弹出状态下的输出响应。经应用,该方法操作便捷,数据可靠,为间隙传感器的动态测试提供了一种新的参考。     

级间开缝间隙传感器动态测试方法研究

针对某型号分离面间隙传感器的测试要求,提出了一种间隙位移传感器的动态测试方案,设计了测量系统,通过激光测试法测量并记录级间开缝间隙传感器CI1-27在自由弹出状态下的输出响应。经应用,该方法操作便捷,数据可靠,为间隙传感器的动态测试提供了一种新的参考。     

电容传感器中的驱动电缆技术

目前高精度机械加工对几何尺寸的动静态检测要求越来越高,检测系统的信号变换方法也随之越来越广泛,以适应检测的需要。电阻式、电感式的应用是十分多见的,电容式的变换方法应用却较少,其原因主要是由于电容式传感器本身的电容值及其变化量都很小,极易为杂散的寄生电容以及连接电缆的电容所淹没。近年来,由于电子技术的发展,以及驱动电缆技术的出现,使得电容式仪器迅速发展,应用日益广泛。其特点为动、静态响应快,精度高,采用驱动电缆技术后,仪器灵敏度可达0.01μm～0.001μm,并且线性度好,可达全量程的1%～0.5%调整使用方便,根据用户要求传感器可设计成任何形状。可用于测量微小位移的振幅及距离,特别适用精密轴系的动态测试,也可用于孔径及表面光洁度的测量以及自动控制等。本文主要介绍驱动电缆的原理和实施方法。     

补偿式光纤双法布里—珀罗微位移测量系统

提出了一种能补偿环境影响的、插入光纤传光介质的新型微位移测量系统，介绍了其灵敏度的测量结果。由于采用并行双通道的结构，系统具有高准确度、抗干扰等特点。该系统适合于微位移（纳米级）测量，可用于检定其它高准确度位移传感器、几何量定位、微细加工表面轮廓测量以及转换成微位移量或光程差的其他物理量的测量。     

一种内置复位弹簧式位移传感器的研制

针对机械反馈伺服作动器测试零位输出不稳定,测得位移量与实际测量长度存在误差等问题,原有的传统LVDT式位移传感器不能满足高精度测试需求,采用内置复位弹簧设计的新型位移传感器消除了连接部位间隙,提高了测试可靠性。     

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度在线测量系统

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度的实时高精度测量是实现对锂电涂层厚度控制的前提。针对在生产过程中的锂离子电池极片涂层厚度动态、非接触、高精度的测量要求,设计了一种基于非接触式电容传感器进行微位移测量的在线式测量系统。介绍了传感器结构及测量电路基本原理,搭建了适用于锂离子电池极片涂层厚度测量的硬件系统,开发了可用于数据采集、线性校正、数据记录的基于虚拟仪器技术的测试系统。经测试,该传感器的分辨力为0.1μm,现场长期运行证明该系统满足生产的测量要求。     

应用正交多项式拟合模型对测试系统进行静态标定

对于固体火箭发动机压力测试系统一般要求是线性的 ,即被测量和输出的幅值成比例关系 ,但由于测试系统各环节的准确度所至或者由于外界或内部随机因素的影响 ,造成测试系统的非线性误差。针对测试系统的静态标定问题 ,分析了目前采用的平移端点法、分段直线法、高次多项式等拟合模型在应用上的不足 ,探讨了正交多项式拟合模型在应用上的优点。该方法不需解方程组 ,计算速度快、准确度高、程序容易编制 ,便于在线实现。     

一种双冗余LVDT式位移传感器设计

介绍了一种双冗余LVDT式位移传感器及其变换电路。传感器运用差动变压器式工作原理,采用串联冗余结构形式,实现了结构串联、功能并联的双路冗余线位移测量。测量参数采用数字拟合的方法,解决了串联双冗余LVDT位移传感器的固有特性决定的线性度较低、无法满足系统任务指标要求的问题,提高了测量信号的线性度、系统的控制精度,缩短了调试周期,提高了效率,满足了新一代控制系统高可靠性的要求。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.