波瓣混合器喷流降噪技术实验

在消声室内的喷流噪声实验台上,对大涵道比涡扇发动机混合式排气系统缩比模型进行了冷喷流噪声实验,以环形混合器为基准,研究了采用波瓣混合器的喷管喷流远声场频谱特性和降噪效果.研究结果表明:与采用环形混合器的基准型喷管相比,波瓣混合器喷管在低频段有很好的降噪效果但高频段的声压级有所升高,波瓣混合器喷管下游方向(θ=150°)的总声压级明显降低而中游方向和上游方向的总声压级升高.随着波瓣混合器出口处内外涵气流速度差的增大,波瓣混合器喷管低频段的降噪效果越来越明显但高频段声压级的升高也会不同程度地增大,在波瓣混合器喷管下游方向(θ=150°)的总声压级降低更加明显的同时中游方向和上游方向的总声压级也有所升高.      

一种低副瓣波纹喇叭天线的设计与实现

文章设计了一种高斯分布的波纹喇叭天线,具有增益高、转换效率高、交叉极化低、相位中心不随频率变化的特点。该天线采用正交馈电,结构简单紧凑,以双线极化或圆极化方式工作。根据天线设计参数,建立了天线模型,进行了优化设计。仿真和实测结果表明,天线在频率34～36 GHz范围内,增益大于20dBi,方向图在E面和H面具有良好对称性,副瓣电平不大于-26 d B,驻波比小于1.5,整体性能满足工程应用要求。     

Doppler visibility of coherent ultrawideband random noise radar systems

Random noise radar has recently been used in a variety of imaging and surveillance applications. These systems can be made phase coherent using the technique of heterodyne correlation. Phase coherence has been exploited to measure Doppler and thereby the velocity of moving targets. The Doppler visibility, i.e., the ability to extract Doppler information over the inherent clutter spectra, is constrained by system parameters, especially the phase noise generated by microwave components. Our paper proposes a new phase noise model for the heterodyne mixer as applicable for ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar and for the local oscillator in the time domain. The Doppler spectra are simulated by including phase noise contamination effects and compared with our previous experimental results. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimization routine is applied to synthesize the effects of a variety of parameter combinations to derive a suitable empirical formula for estimating the Doppler visibility in dB. According to the phase noise analysis and the simulation results, the Doppler visibility of UWB random noise radar depends primarily on the following parameters: 1) the local oscillator (LO) drive level of the receiver heterodyne mixer, 2) the saturation current in the receiver heterodyne mixer, 3) the bandwidth of the transmit noise source, and 4) the target velocity. Other parameters such as the carrier frequency of the receiver LO and the loaded quality factor of the LO have a small effect over the range of applicability of the model and are therefore neglected in the model formulation. The Doppler visibility curves generated from this formula match the simulation results very well over the applicable parameter range within 1 dB. Our model may therefore be used to quickly estimate the Doppler visibility of random UWB noise radars for trade-off analysis     

Exploiting GNSS signal structure to enhance observability

There are a number of different error sources, such as multipath and thermal noise, which corrupt satellite navigation waveforms from their theoretical structure. However, even under ideal conditions the broadcast signals have some degree of deformation as a result of the practical individual hardware implementation. For the most demanding users of satellite navigation, such as aircraft navigation and landing systems, it is important to characterize the nominal signal structure in order to detect minimal variations resulting from hardware-based errors. Thus far such precorrelation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal quality monitoring has been performed through high gain antennas, which allow for raising the GNSS spectrum above the thermal noise floor and observing the structure of the signal directly at the front end output. This paper describes a new approach to achieve such observability based on signal processing techniques, such as dithering and averaging, which leverage the repetitive nature of the GNSS signal. The paper presents how these techniques can drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in postprocessing, allowing for the direct analysis of GNSS signals using traditional front end designs and conventional antennas. Results are predicted using the appropriate theory and validated using data collected from the Global Positioning System (GPS).     

基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强——机遇与挑战CSCD

针对当前卫星导航发展的瓶颈问题,结合当前低轨互联网星座蓬勃发展的趋势,提出了基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强系统建设方案。从新兴用户群体对PNT性能的需求、低轨互联网星座的优势、建设成本优势以及通导融合优势等角度出发,分析了低轨全球导航增强的发展机遇。从频率资源、功率资源以及收敛时间三方面,总结了发展低轨全球导航增强系统面临的挑战。在此基础上,为系统体制、信号体制以及系统建设提出了发展建议。最后给出了总结认为低轨全球导航增强采用天基监测+信号增强体制,信号落地功率有望提升15~30dB,收敛时间缩短至秒级,信号频段向Ka频段扩展,最终实现城市挑战性环境下快收敛、高精度、高完好、高安全、高可用的PNT目标。     

基于提前停止判决的编码软信息辅助载波同步

 针对目前编码辅助载波同步算法中复杂度较高、延时大的问题,提出了引入辅助停止判决机制的编码辅助载波同步算法。在现有的编码辅助载波同步结构基础上,该算法能对环路信噪比(SNR)进行实时判定,在环路SNR满足限定条件后提前停止编码辅助载波同步迭代,而不影响译码性能。采用新的相位估计方式估计含相位噪声的载波相位,提升了该条件下的环路信噪比。仿真采用码率为1/2的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码作为编码方式,结果表明:在误码率为10^-5时,该算法减少了约50%的编码辅助载波同步迭代次数;在含相位噪声的信号条件下,与理想解调译码相比,性能损失不超过0.15 dB。     

High Dynamic GPS Receiver Using Maximum Likelihood Estimationand Frequency Tracking

A new high dynamic global positioning system (GPS) receiver ispresented and its performance characterized by analysis,simulation, and demonstration. The demonstration receiver is abreadboard model capable of tracking a single simulated satellitesignal in pseudorange and range rate. Pseudorange and range rateestimates are made once every 20 ms, using a maximum likelihoodestimator, and are tracked by means of a third-order fadingmemory filter in a feedback configuration. The receiver trackspseudorange with rms errors of under 1 m when subjected tosimulated 50 g, 40 g/s circular trajectories. The tracking thresholdis approximately 28 dB·Hz, which provides 12 dB margin relativethe the minimum specified signal strength, assuming 3.5 dB systemnoise figure and 0 dB antenna gain.     

节径凸起结构对串列双圆柱干涉噪声的影响

为探究周期性节径凸起结构对串列双圆柱体钝体杆件干涉噪声的降噪效果与降噪规律，在0.55 m×0.4 m声学消声风洞开展了串列双圆柱降噪实验，设计了8种不同参数的周期性节径凸起结构，实验研究了4种不同来流速度(雷诺数为0.4×10⁵～1.6×10⁵)下周期性节径凸起结构对串列双圆柱干涉噪声的影响。研究表明：周期性节径凸起结构可以减弱甚至完全抑制单音峰值噪声的产生，最大峰值噪声降噪量可达近30 dB，总声压级最高降噪量可达18.1 dB。不同工况状态下，各种参数化结构对噪声抑制能力有所不同，均存在最佳值，其中凸起高度为(0.1D～0.15D)、凸起间距为0.5D左右(D为基准圆柱直径)的周期性节径凸起结构在较广工况范围下都具有较好的降噪效果。周期性节径凸起结构的引入，不仅改变了串列双圆柱对应的峰值特征频率和涡脱落频率，而且抑制圆柱杆件卡门涡街的产生。     

基于组合导航技术的光纤捷联系统在线标定

 将光纤捷联系统惯性测量单元（IMU）输出误差分解成零偏误差、标度因数误差、失准角误差和随机白噪声几个部分,建立了系统误差模型,基于此模型设计卡尔曼滤波器引入高精度外部信息源对IMU进行在线标定。将此方法应用于某光纤捷联系统进行跑车试验,结果表明：引入外部信息源进行在线标定与补偿后系统纯惯导精度显著提高,本文建立的系统误差模型和在线估计方式有效估计了IMU输出误差,实现了系统在线标定,提高了系统实用精度。     

Model-based robust estimation and fault detection for MEMS-INS/GPS integrated navigation systems

In micro-electro-mechanical system based inertial navigation system（MEMS-INS）/global position system（GPS） integrated navigation systems, there exist unknown disturbances and abnormal measurements. In order to obtain high estimation accuracy and enhance detection sensitivity to faults in measurements, this paper deals with the problem of model-based robust estimation（RE） and fault detection（FD）. A filter gain matrix and a post-filter are designed to obtain a RE and FD algorithm with current measurements, which is different from most of the existing priori filters using measurements in one-step delay. With the designed filter gain matrix, the H-infinity norm of the transfer function from noise inputs to estimation error outputs is limited within a certain range; with the designed post-filter, the residual signal is robust to disturbances but sensitive to faults. Therefore, the algorithm can guarantee small estimation errors in the presence of disturbances and have high sensitivity to faults. The proposed method is evaluated in an integrated navigation system, and the simulation results show that it is more effective in position estimation and fault signal detection than priori RE and FD algorithms.     

Performance of an Electrically Small Antenna Amplifier Circuit

A technique is presented to calculate the noise figure and available power gain for electricially small antenna amplifier circuits over a wide bandwidth. The method permits reasonable predictions of circuit performance solely from the manufacturer's transistor data, i.e., without resorting to extensive measurements. Results for a system designed for 10 kHz to 500 MHz coverage are presented. The agreement between the calculated and measured noise figures and available power gain is within 3 dB over most of the frequency range.     

基于视觉的惯性导航误差在线修正

陀螺零偏和加速度计零偏是影响惯性测量单元(IMU)积分精度的重要因素。提供一组精确的实时的零偏估计可以提高IMU的积分精度,为视觉导航提供良好的位姿预测,提高整个系统的动态性能。通过合理地建立IMU的噪声模型以及IMU和视觉的组合方程,利用一种基于李群和李代数知识的IMU预积分方法将零偏进行合理的线性化,运用Kalman滤波进行IMU零偏的在线估计。实验结果表明,通过本文的修正方法,惯性导航的平均积累误差由0.034m/s提高到0.0037m/s,精度明显提高。     

月球探测器天文测角/单程无线电时间差分测距/差分测速导航方法

月球探测器高精度导航技术是确保月球探测任务顺利实施的关键技术之一。当前,大多数月球探测器都是利用地面无线电进行导航和控制,但存在可测控弧段短、易受干扰等局限性,且对于月球背面探测,存在无法直接测控的不足。针对上述问题,提出了一种新的基于天文测角/单程无线电差分测距/差分测速的月球探测器组合导航方法。该方法使用了天文星光角距、探测器接收到的来自地面站或中继星的单程无线电时间差分测距和时间差分多普勒测速3种量测信息,可有效抑制星上时钟和频谱仪的时间和频率测量误差。收敛后的平均位置和速度估计误差分别为902.7 m和0.12 m/s,最大的位置和速度估计误差分别为1 548.2 m和0.24 m/s。仿真分析结果表明该方法具有较高自主导航精度。     

北斗导航接收机频率稳定度传递算法

为了提高北斗导航接收机的灵敏度,提升其弱信号跟踪能力,通常需要利用长时间的相干积分来提高环路信噪比。但是,当相干积分时间加长到一定程度时,环路性能反而有所下降,信噪比提升也不能达到理论值。针对由剩余频率误差和晶振误差引起的相干积分能量损失问题,主要研究了频率偏差对环路跟踪性能的影响,并提出了利用频率稳定度传递策略辅助弱信号跟踪的方法,解决了北斗导航接收机弱信号跟踪性能提升的问题,最大程度地改善了相干积分的效果,实现了对弱信号的跟踪。利用软件接收机平台对提出的频率稳定度传递算法进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法可使环路信噪比提升4dB ~5dB,充分说明了其可行性及有效性。     

A Hybrid Navigation Concept Using a Spinning Satellite?Borne Interferometer and Self?Contained Equipment

This paper analyzes a hybrid navigation concept that uses signals from a radio interferometer mounted on a spinning geostationary satellite, preliminary position estimates from self-contained equipment, and stored a priori information on the past performance of this equipment. The craft-borne processor, optimum in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) sense, is designed to estimate position coordinates using only the incoming radio signals, although improved estimates result if the other two items are available. An error analysis starts with the derivation of an estimation error covariance matrix, whose elements depend on additive receiver noise and the physical parameters of the system. A minimum 1? estimation error in position is obtained by trading off these parameters. The effects of other major error sources, such as tropospheric phase fluctuations, multipath, and craft altitude uncertainty, are added to the estimation error to give a total 1? position error on the order of 3.7 to 5.6 km.     

毫米波鳍线平衡混频器研究

 本文研究了一种八毫米波段平衡混频器的工程设计方法,并给出了实验测试结果。在针对实际电路结构建立起等效电路模型后,采用最优化方法对电路结构参量作了优化。对实际制做的混频器性能作了初步测试,最佳双边带噪声系数约为6dB(其中包括1.4dB中放噪声贡献在内)。     

程序调参飞行控制律的神经网络实现

为保证飞行品质,现代飞机中多采用程度调参飞行控制律,由于调参规律的高度非线性,使得控制律的工程实现相当困难。为此,对程序调参飞行控制律的神经网络实现方法进行了研究。通过应用ＢＰ神经网络逼近非线性调参规律。探讨了用ＢＰ网络实现程序调参飞行控制律的一般方法,给出了网络的结构及其优化算法,并以某型飞机电传操纵系统倾斜阻尼通道的程序调参控制律为例,对该实现方法进行降验证。结果表明,实现精度符合工程要求。     

混合器中燃气/空气掺混特性研究

合理的混合器结构对组合动力系统的高效燃烧和推进性能具有重要意义。为了获得最佳掺混效果,缩短燃烧室长度,利用CFD程序分别对环形、旋流器型和波瓣混合器中内、外涵燃气/空气的流动和掺混特性进行了全三维数值模拟。燃气为甲烷液氧富燃燃气。结果表明：无论采用何种混合器,随着掺混距离的增加,总温和组分均趋均匀;其中,波瓣混合器的掺混效果最好,内外双旋流型混合器的掺混效果次之,环形混合器的掺混效果较差;环形混合器内涵燃气喷射角度对燃气/空气掺混效果具有一定的影响,燃气与轴向成15°喷射时,掺混效果优于无角度喷射。     

一种单低轨星北斗备份与辅助方法及在轨验证

在低轨卫星上搭载导航载荷,为北斗系统提供有效的备份及辅助性能提升手段,是近年来卫星导航领域专家学者探讨的热点问题.针对全球卫星导航系统信号在恶劣电磁环境下的受扰问题,提出了一种利用单颗低轨卫星实现北斗备份和辅助的方法.北斗备份是指通过单颗低轨星独立为地面用户提供导航服务.北斗辅助是指利用单颗低轨星信号及信息,为地面用户...     

The Juno Gravity Science Instrument

The Juno mission’s primary science objectives include the investigation of Jupiter interior structure via the determination of its gravitational field. Juno will provide more accurate determination of Jupiter’s gravity harmonics that will provide new constraints on interior structure models. Juno will also measure the gravitational response from tides raised on Jupiter by Galilean satellites. This is accomplished by utilizing Gravity Science instrumentation to support measurements of the Doppler shift of the Juno radio signal by NASA’s Deep Space Network at two radio frequencies. The Doppler data measure the changes in the spacecraft velocity in the direction to Earth caused by the Jupiter gravity field. Doppler measurements at X-band (\(\sim 8\) GHz) are supported by the spacecraft telecommunications subsystem for command and telemetry and are used for spacecraft navigation as well as Gravity Science. The spacecraft also includes a Ka-band (\(\sim 32\) GHz) translator and amplifier specifically for the Gravity Science investigation contributed by the Italian Space Agency. The use of two radio frequencies allows for improved accuracy by removal of noise due to charged particles along the radio signal path.