机内测试定量要求的现场试验验证方法研究

阐述了机内测试(BIT)定量要求现场试验验证方法的内涵和实施流程。根据置信度水平和功能单元覆盖要求计算BIT故障检测率、故障隔离率和虚警率综合验证的样本量,根据BIT参数的单侧置信限进行合格判断。给出了数据统计判据、分类流程和统一记录表格。通过案例应用说明了该方法的可行性。     

一种基于ROM模型的测试性指标论证方法

针对实践中缺乏理论性、可实施性强的测试性指标论证方法的现状,提出了一种基于可靠度、战备完好率与可维修度（ROM）模型的测试性指标论证方法。从战备完好率（O）、可靠度（R）、可维修度（M）关系式入手,将关系式中的可靠度和可维修度分别用平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）和平均修复时间（MTTR）替换,再建立MTBF和MTTR与故障诊断率、虚警率和机内测试（BIT）故障率的关系式并代入"ROM"关系式,得到战备完好率与测试性指标之间的关系式,建立待解指标与BIT数量之间的关系式,通过代入和消减参数得到战备完好率随BIT数量变化曲线,通过找到曲线极值点得到最佳BIT数量,进而得到最佳的测试性指标。在模型构建和指标求解过程中进行了较为充分的仿真分析,得到了大量与经验相符的规律性结论,为不同对象应用该方法进行参数设置时提供了较为充分的参考。最后应用本文方法对某光电一体化设备进行了指标论证,演示并验证了本文方法的有效性。     

电传飞控计算机子系统BIT设计研究

飞控计算机子系统是飞行控制系统的计算和控制核心,影响着飞行安全。采用BIT进行故障检测和定位可以显著提高飞控系统安全性。现阶段的BIT设计研究中,系统级偏向于顶层功能要求的论述,计算设备的BIT研究偏重于通用计算机的软硬件论述,飞控系统向计算机子系统的需求传递和可追溯性不强,也缺乏基于系统工程的飞控计算机子系统BIT设计流程研究。通过对飞控计算机子系统架构的分析得出其通用的组成模块。以此为基础开展BIT设计研究,分析了BIT的分类及特点,提出了BIT设计的通用需求,设计了基于系统工程的飞控计算机子系统BIT设计流程,重点从飞控系统功能需求出发详细论述了飞控计算机子系统BIT的初始化、工作模态转换、测试项目、执行时序及与飞控系统功能高关联度的BIT项目测试的设计方法原理,分析了故障预测及健康管理的设计方法和减少虚警的措施。采用该设计流程和详细设计原理方法的飞控计算机子系统BIT设计通过了地面综合试验的验证。     

PDM系统中权限管理方法的研究与应用

总结了PDM权限管理特点,重点讨论了PDM中权限的集合定义和用户权限判定的函数表示,在分析产品数据分类、企业用户组织模式和权限分类的基础上,提出了基于产品数据分类的权限管理模型,并给出了该模型的应用实例.该模型较好地协调了产品数据共享和保护两方面的需求,并且权限控制逻辑条理清楚,易于实现.     

BIT技术在导航系统中的应用优势

介绍了BIT技术的定义、分类和关键技术,阐述了导航系统故障检测的特点,探讨了BIT技术在导航系统应用,能够增强导航系统内部各子系统故障诊断能力,信息融合能力,并为冗余设计和系统重构提供基础等方面的优势.     

面向测试性虚拟验证的功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型

 由于测试性预计和测试性试验验证客观存在的困难及问题,测试性虚拟验证将在测试性工程领域发挥重要作用.根据测试性虚拟验证对模型的需求,针对传统测试性模型存在的定量特征少、导致测试性评估结果不准确等问题,提出一种功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型.首先,分析并指出该一体化模型由功能、故障、行为、测试、环境5大类要素构成.然后,在数学上对该一体化模型及其子模型进行定义和描述,分析并建立各子模型之间的关联关系.最后以某导弹及其测试系统为案例进行实验和应用研究.结果表明,在建模信息量充足的情况下,基于该一体化模型得到的测试性虚拟试验验证与评估结果较准确,能较好地支持装备测试性摸底、鉴定与验收等.     

BIT技术在装备全寿命费用中影响分析

通过对BIT(Build in test,机内测试)技术在LCC(Life Cycle Costs,全寿命费用)中的影响分析,建立采用BIT技术后的LCC增量模型,研究了采用BIT技术对装备的全寿命费用产生的影响。同时基于国外现状,分析现今国内的情况,阐明采用BIT技术将在节约装备全寿命费用产生良性的影响。     

基于时间应力分析的机内测试系统综合降虚警技术

 虚警率高是困扰机内测试（BIT）系统得到广泛应用的主要原因。针对该问题,从机电系统所承受时间应力的角度构建了机内测试系统综合降低虚警技术的总体模型。首先采用双支持向量机（SVM）的方法将实时应力信息与机内测试诊断结果相互关联。在此基础上,提出了基于核主元模糊聚类的虚警识别方法将机电系统多源信息进行综合分析,并通过优化决策实现多级降低机内测试系统虚警的目的。最后,针对某型直升机航空地平仪的机内测试系统进行了试验验证与分析。     

某机载设备虚警问题的原因分析及处理方法

分析了外场试飞过程中某机载设备BIT虚警产生的原因及引起的后果,并提出了一套较为全面的BIT虚警解决方案,最后结合实际应用给出了便捷有效的软件算法实例。经过外场试飞验证,该算法大大降低了BIT虚警率,提高了设备的可靠性,并为同类型的机载设备产生的BIT虚警提供了可借鉴的经验。     

BIT和ATE组合测试技术及其应用

详细介绍了BIT和ATE组合测试技术及其在机载电子设备测试与故障诊断的具体应用。应用表明BIT和ATE组合测试技术可有效提高设备的测试性。     

Airworthiness Compliance Verification Method Based on Simulation of Complex System

A study is conducted on a new airworthiness compliance verification method based on pilot-aircraft-environment complex system simulation. Verification scenarios are established by "block diagram" method based on airworthiness criteria. A pilotaircraft-environment complex model is set up and a virtual flight testing method based on connection of MATLAB/Simulink and Flightgear is proposed. Special researches are conducted on the modeling of pilot manipulation stochastic parameters and manipulation in critical situation. Unfavorable flight factors of certain scenario are analyzed, and reliability modeling of important system is researched. A distribution function of small probability event and the theory on risk probability measurement are studied. Nonlinear function is used to depict the relationship between the cumulative probability and the extremum of the critical parameter. A synthetic evaluation model is set up, modified genetic algorithm (MGA) is applied to ascertaining the distribution parameter in the model, and a more reasonable result is obtained. A clause about vehicle control functions (VCFs) verification in MIL-HDBK-516B is selected as an example to validate the practicability of the method.     

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

粒子群优化的粗糙集-神经网络在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的邻域粗糙集-神经网络的发动机智能故障诊断方法,首先利用基于邻域粗糙集模型的属性约简方法对样本数据进行属性约简,然后采用粒子群优化算法替代传统BP算法来训练神经网络的权值和阈值,再用训练好的神经网络对航空发动机气路故障进行诊断.仿真结果表明:该方法降低了神经网络结构的复杂性,减少了网络训练时间,提高了诊断精度.     

航改燃气轮机燃烧室故障模式、影响及危害性分析

为提高航改燃机燃烧室可靠性及使用安全性,在设计阶段对某型中等功率航改燃气轮机燃烧室进行故障模式、影响及危害性分析(FMECA)。根据燃烧室结构组成,建立硬件层次及可靠性逻辑框图。针对燃烧室机匣、火焰筒、燃油总管、燃油喷嘴、导流罩等零部件进行故障模式分析,指出可能发生故障的原因及其影响,并有针对性地提出改进措施。根据各零部件发生故障的概率及严重程度建立危害性矩阵,找出系统的薄弱环节,得到FMECA表。结果表明:火焰筒壁面掉块及燃油总管焊缝开裂是影响燃烧室性能及使用安全性的主要因素,应采取相应措施降低其发生概率及严重程度,同时指出对于发生概率及严重程度较低的故障可以适当降低其设计成本。运用FMECA表客观地找出系统薄弱环节,为后续燃烧室维护及测试提供参考。     

Role of BIT in support system maintenance and availability

The role of built in test (BIT) in electronic systems has grown in prominence with the advances in system complexity and concern over maintenance lifecycle costs of large systems. In an environment where standards drive system designs (and provide an avenue for focused advancement in technology), standards for BIT are very much in an evolutionary state. The reasons for advancing the effectiveness of BIT include reduced support overhead, greater, confidence in operation, and increased system availability. The cost of supporting military electronic systems (avionics, communications, and weapons systems) has driven much of the development in BIT technology. But what about the systems that support these end items that contain test and measurement instrumentation - such as automatic test equipment (ATE), simulators and avionics development suites? There has also been a beneficial effect on the maintenance and availability of these systems due to the infusion of BIT into their component assemblies. But the effect has been much more sporadic and fragmented. This paper looks at the state of BIT in test and measurement instruments, explain its affect on system readiness, and present ideas on how to improve BIT technologies and standards. This will not provide definitive answers to BIT development questions, since the factors that affect it are specific to the instrument itself. The topics covered in this paper are: definitions of built-in test, instrument BIT history, importance of BIT fault coverage and isolation in support systems, overview of BIT development process issues that limit the effectiveness of BIT Standards related to instrument BIT, making BIT more effective in support system maintenance and availability and conclusions.     

涡扇发动机机载自适应建模技术研究

本文研究用涡扇发动机可测输出参数偏离变化来表征发动机的非额定工作特性,将它们做为增广的状态量,设计卡尔曼滤波器进行最优估计,将这些估计值用于修正对发动机不可测参数和性能量的计算,以形成机载自适应模型。仿真研究表明,采用该方法建立的机载模型对性能蜕化所致的发动机非额定工作具有很好的适应能力。      

基于BDD的航天测控系统任务可靠性分析

针对航天测控系统任务可靠性分析问题,提出了基于二值决策图（BDD）的航天测控系统任务可靠性分析模型和算法。将航天测控系统视为一个多阶段任务系统,采用任务剖面描述任务时序逻辑关系。根据各阶段的可靠性逻辑结构建立了单阶段的BDD,依次对各阶段的BDD进行运算得到系统的BDD,据此计算系统的可靠度。最后给出了一个算例,验证了算法的有效性。     

LBTR线性系统结构图法数字仿真

本文提出了一种新的系统结构图数字仿真的方法。由于采用分子和分母都是二阶的典型环节,因而通用性强、使用更方便。文中推导了系统结构图和状态方程之间变换的数学表达式。所设计的计算矩阵指数的子程序保证了系统仿真精度不受计算步长的限制,从而大大提高了计算效率。本软件适用于多输入多输出系统,并备有多种类型的输入函数,还可以在任意环节加入初始条件,所以很适合于工程使用。