移相干涉技术用于运动姿态精密测量

针对测量系统运动中姿态测量的需求,提出了一种利用移相干涉技术测量角度的方法来实现运动姿态的准确测量。建立了由组合式移相干涉仪为主的三轴转角实验装置,该装置测量角度的分辨力优于0.006″。采用实验装置对微位移工作台运动过程中的姿态变化进行了测量,得到了工作台移动中绕三轴转角变化的测量结果,并利用激光小角度干涉仪进行了相关测量点的对比实验,数据最大偏差0.03″。实验结果验证了利用移相干涉测角法可以实现运动中姿态的精确测量。     

一等环规测量仪的研制

一等环规测量仪是将激光干涉仪测长技术、静态光电显微镜瞄准技术和精密微位移定位技术作为主体测量技术，以上三项技术的有机结合使该仪器的测量不确定度达到了国际法制计量组织(OIML)规定的一等环规的测量要求。     

Application of the Volterra Series to the Analysis and Design of an Angle Track Loop

A typical function of an angle tracking loop is to keep a radar antenna pointed at a target. The error in pointing is directly related to successful operation of the tracking device; therefore, its behavior is of interest. For a tracker with a general polynomial nonlinearity, an arbitrary initial pointing error, and a bounded deterministic input, a method is developed for finding upper bounds on the magnitude of the tracking error using Volterra series techniques. Convergence regions of the Volterra series are also obtained. Applications of these results are made to a second-order tracking device.     

绕翼型低速湍流的数值模拟

采用求解低速流动的SIMPLE算法,用标准K-ε两方程模型、非线性K-ε两方程模型和一种改进的K-ε两方程模型来对绕两种翼型（A翼型和GAW-1翼型）在接近失速攻角情况下的低速湍流流动进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,非线性K-ε两方程模型和改进的K-ε两方程模型较好地模拟出了翼型表面上的分离流动特性,较准确地预测出了分离点位置以及翼型的气动力系数,对翼型与机翼的工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

纳米力学测试系统位移传感器校准装置

介绍了用激光干涉方法对纳米力学测试系统位移传感器进行校准的方法,并建立了校准装置;采用平衡式光学系统设计,干涉系统的抗干扰能力得到了显著提高,通过零位移测量实验对装置的稳定性进行了验证;用校准装置对TriboIndenter纳米力学测试系统的位移传感器进行了校准实验,测量不确定度分析结果表明该系统测量压头位移的准确度可以达到纳米量级。     

对称交叉激波和湍流边界层相互作用的数值研究

针对两种双尖鳍外形的对称交叉激波与湍流边界层相互作用,采用N-S方程和两种湍流模型进行了计算。研究了网格收敛性、鳍的角度和湍流模型对壁面压强、Stanton数和壁面摩擦力线的影响。弱相互作用的计算结果较好,强相互作用的壁面压强和摩擦力线的计算结果与试验吻合较好,而Stanton数的计算结果较差,峰值高达试验的2.5倍左右。随着鳍的角度的增加,壁面压强和Stanton数的分布从单调分布发展为M型分布,两者的峰值不在相同的位置。湍流模型对壁面压强和壁面摩擦力线影响很小,对Stanton数计算的影响很大,SST模型比BSL模型表现好一些。     

角振动校准装置研究

为提升对惯性器件的动态性能评价能力,通过对被校传感器施加标准正弦角振动激励,精确测量角振动过程,实现了对角振动传感器的校准。基于不同频段的特点,将校准频段划分为低频和高频2部分,并提出空气轴承与无刷直流力矩电机相结合的低频角振动台方案,以及轻质空心杯精密空气轴承与框式电磁驱动结构相结合的高频角振动台方案;分别采用精密角度编码器和衍射光栅激光干涉仪实现对低频和高频角振动的测量,成功研制出频率范围为0.25~550Hz、角加速度范围为0.1~1 760rad/s2以及角速度波形失真小于2%的角振动绝对法校准装置。与德国国家物理技术研究院的角振动校准装置相比,该装置能够显著提升承载能力,可广泛用于惯性器件动态性能的测试与评价。     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

惯性平台水平角误差测量方法的研究

提出了一种测量惯性平台水平角误差的方法,该方法以光电自准直仪为测量工具,通过在平台上建立光学水平基准,自动完成惯性平台在摇摆状态下水平角误差的测量,测量方便、准确、可靠。     

Interferometer Design for Elevation Angle Estimation

Radars that are developed for the purpose of monitoring aircraft landings in the terminal air traffic control system can be designed to exploit the relatively high signal-to-noise ratio that characterizes the power budgets calculated for such a link. An interferometer using a pair of low gain antennas can be used to obtain passive coverage over a targe azimuth and elevation sector. A large baseline can be used to obtain the desired elevation angle estimation accuracy. In this paper an optimal tradeoff between the width of the subarray aperture and the width of the interferometer baseline is performed that achieves a specified elevation angle estimation error while minimizing the overall height of the interferometer configuration. The algorithm searches through the class of antenna patterns that can be synthesized from so-called finite impulse response, linear phase digital filters. For the specific problem of designing an elevation sensor for monitoring landing aircraft on final approach, the elevation angle can be estimated with no more than 1-mrad rms error when the aircraft is within ± 60° azimuth, 2.5° to 40° elevation, using two 7-wavelength subarray antennas spaced 8 wave-lengths apart. The design of a separate sensor for resolving the interferometer ambiguities is formulated as a hypothesis testing problem and solved using statistical decision theory. A bound on the probability of an ambiguity error is derived that accounts for the effects of ground reflection multipath and receiver noise.     

再论光学铅垂对点锥面理论与垂准仪的室内校准法

深入思考了垂准仪校准的若干问题,从光学铅垂对点锥面理论出发,就垂准仪校准中的基础理论、实际校准及校准装置的建立等方面阐述了自己的见解。     

一种进气道流场畸变模拟装置的研究

提出了一种用于进/发匹配的畸变模拟板与紊流发生环组合畸变模拟技术,根据该技术所设计的畸变模拟装置由可调节角度的模拟板以及可换装的紊流环组成,轴向长度仅等于通道截面一倍当量直径。通过实验研究得到了可调畸变模拟板与可换紊流发生环的几何设计参数及其组合状态下的气动性能变化规律,为该组合模拟技术的进一步运用打下了基础。      

Novel wideband multimode hybrid interferometer system

In this paper, a novel hybrid of a three-element interferometer comprised of multimode antennas is analyzed. The phase ambiguities associated with the long baselines of the interferometer are resolved using the "coarse" angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna. This results in the elimination of the short baseline interferometers of the conventional five-element interferometer. It is shown here that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) must be above a threshold value to resolve the phase ambiguities with a high degree of probability. An expression that shows the dependence of this threshold SNR on the interferometer spacing and the variance of the angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna is derived. A single three-element wideband multimode antenna interferometer can replace several five-element conventional interferometers, each covering a separate frequency band.     

光学头罩超声速绕流流场光学传输效应风洞试验研究

在Ma=3连续超声速风洞中,开展了光学头罩绕流流场光学传输效应的风洞模拟试验方法研究,进行了现场振动测量与隔离,研制了专用试验装置,采用哈特曼传感器和剪切干涉仪两种手段进行了光学传输效应的试验测量。试验中,针对试验装置各部分的不同组合状态,进行了大量的测试,研究了试验装置有效性以及试验数据重复性,着重分析了探测光束的PV值与RMS值。结果表明：导流板可明显抑制风洞洞壁边界层干扰,试验装置与方法可行,对于连续式风洞中模型绕流流场光学传输效应测试有一定参考价值。     

斜齿面齿轮齿宽的设计

研究了斜齿面齿轮小端不根切和大端不变尖的问题.给出了任意轴交角条件下小端不产生根切的内半径和大端不变尖的外半径的表达式.提出了在产形齿轮上求解关键点的方法.定义了内半径系数,外半径系数和齿宽系数三个无量纲量,分析表明产形轮齿面螺旋角和小齿轮齿数的大小决定了三个系数的变化趋势.      

飞机增升装置的数值模拟研究

增升装置的设计是飞机设计的一项极其重要的内容.本文通过多块网格技术生成计算网格,运用全湍流SST(Shear stress transport)模型和带有转捩修正的SST湍流模型对飞机三维增升装置的气动力特性和流场特征进行了数值模拟研究,通过对数值计算结果与实验结果的对比分析,研究了两种湍流模型的特点及其在飞机增升装置...     

ATS-6 Interferometer

The Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6) RF interferometer is utilized primarily as a precision 3-axis attitude sensor having an unambiguous field of view of 350°. This function requires two separated ground transmitters, each using one of the two available frequency channels or sharing a single channel by time multiplexing. For 3-axis control, one uplink transmitter can provide 2-axis attitude (pitch and roll) with other sensors (e.g., a Polaris tracker) providing yaw attitude. By utilizing two uplink transmitters and the Earth sensor or three time multiplexed uplink transmitters, the interferometer can also provide measurements of ATS-6 spacecraft orbit position. Uplink frequencies are 6.150 and 6.155 GHz. The receiving antennas are spaced at 19.95 wavelengths (?) for the vernier baseline and 1.66 ? for the coarse baseline. Spacecraft system weight is 8.39 kg (18.5 lb) and power requirement is 15.5 W. Flight evaluation results are given for the interferometer including R F link budgets, modulation of uplink carrier, signal-to-noise ratio, and dropout behavior. A hardware calibration model is described, containing major biases in the phase measurements. Techniques for flight calibration as both an attitude and spacecraft position sensor are outlined . Flight testing has shown that on-line calibration of receiver/converter biases must be performed on a short term routine basis. Interferometer resolution was found to be 0.00140 space angle with negligible noise (jitter) at transmitted power levels above 72 dBW. As an attitude sensor, the interferometer has demonstrated the ability to provide stabilization to better than 0.     

光学铅垂对点锥面理论与垂准仪室内检校法

提出基于空间解析几何与立体几何的光学铅锤对点锥面理论并由此给出了普通型垂准仪的一种室内简便检校法.     

风洞模型位移光学测量技术应用综述

风洞试验中,模型姿态的测量是影响数据精准度的一个重要因素,而测量上的一个微小变化,常常对实际应用价值造成巨大影响。当代测量技术发展的一个新领域是应用光学技术。概述了国外主要的风洞模型位移光学测量系统,包括测量依据、应用风洞、模型要求、数据后处理以及精度情况。这些测量系统应用于静态试验和动态试验中,用于模型位移、姿态角和弯曲变形的测量。从应用现状、应用环节、操作步骤、发展趋势等方面进行了描述,并给出了结论。比较这些模型位移光学测量技术可知它们各有优缺点,应用条件不一样。     

进气道中激波-边界层干扰特性研究

针对高超进气道中激波/边界层干扰等现象,选取了24°压缩拐角及二维高超进气道DLR-GK01等算例,比较研究了混合网格并行数值模拟软件中SA、SST、TNT三种湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰等现象的模拟能力,主要考察了不同湍流模型对流场结构、壁面压强以及壁面摩阻的影响。结果表明:三种湍流模型在模拟大分离流场时存在不同的流动分离特性,TNT湍流模型较SST和SA湍流模型模拟的分离起始位置、分离区大小及边界层厚度与实验吻合度最好。