高速列车隧道进口波基本特性数值研究北大核心CSCD

采用有限体积方法和任意滑移界面动网格技术的CFD方法,对CRH380A高速列车和我国隧道条件下进口波基本特性进行了数值模拟研究。采用PISO算法和SSTk-ω高雷诺数湍流模型求解高速列车通过隧道引起的三维可压缩非定常的空气湍流流动。为避免数值计算产生不合理的物理现象,应用了光滑启动技术。通过与日本有关试验数据和数值模拟结果的对比研究,验证了本文数值方法的正确性。在此基础上,以CRH380A高速列车为例,分析了高速列车引起近场和远场的压力波动特性及其与进口波的区别,得出了进口波具有朝向列车前进方向的指向性,归纳出其幅值与列车速度的三次方成正比的关系。频谱分析表明隧道进口波的主频小于7Hz,频谱幅值和声压级离隧道端口越远则越小,高速列车头尾部流线型较好时进口波对外部环境的影响较小。     

高速列车隧道进口波基本特性数值研究

采用有限体积方法和任意滑移界面动网格技术的CFD方法,对CRH380A高速列车和我国隧道条件下进口波基本特性进行了数值模拟研究。采用PISO算法和SSTk-ω高雷诺数湍流模型求解高速列车通过隧道引起的三维可压缩非定常的空气湍流流动。为避免数值计算产生不合理的物理现象,应用了光滑启动技术。通过与日本有关试验数据和数值模拟结果的对比研究,验证了本文数值方法的正确性。在此基础上,以CRH380A高速列车为例,分析了高速列车引起近场和远场的压力波动特性及其与进口波的区别,得出了进口波具有朝向列车前进方向的指向性,归纳出其幅值与列车速度的三次方成正比的关系。频谱分析表明隧道进口波的主频小于7Hz,频谱幅值和声压级离隧道端口越远则越小,高速列车头尾部流线型较好时进口波对外部环境的影响较小。     

双旋翼微型飞行器的非定常气动特性

发展了一种基于计算流体力学(CFD)的非定常气动特性预测方法,计算方法包括了动量源模型、预处理方法、非结构嵌套网格和Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型等技术.通过计算悬停Caradonna-Tung算例和俯仰振荡NACA0012算例,验证了计算方法模拟双旋翼微型飞行器动态流场的有效性.数值模拟了双旋翼微型飞行器动态流场,给出了非定常气动系数的迟滞曲线,分析了缩减频率、前飞速度和螺旋桨转速对非定常气动特性的影响.计算结果表明:力矩系数迟滞效应随缩减频率、前飞速度和螺旋桨转速增大而增大,升力系数迟滞效应随缩减频率和前飞速度增大而增大,但基本不随螺旋桨转速变化而变化.      

微观能量分析气动光学效应时变误差的方法

针对高超声速飞行器在大气层内飞行过程中采用自主天文导航时,气动光学效应导致的光学传感器成像畸变严重干扰导航精度的问题,提出一种在微观能量变化机制层面探究气动光学效应时变误差的方法。该方法基于光子传输理论分析光子与湍流分子的相互作用机制,建立光子在高速流场中的传输模型,对光子在湍流传输过程中的能量分布进行统计。通过建立微观光子体系下的气动光学效应评价函数,得到气动光学效应的时变误差描述,统一了微观能量分析与宏观几何光学之间的关系,利用光子微观方法进行数值仿真分析,并将仿真结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,为高超声速飞行器气动光学效应的研究提供了新的研究思路。     

翼型结冰状态复杂分离流动数值模拟综述

结冰触发的复杂分离流动将导致翼型气动性能特别是失速特性全面恶化。结冰状态气动特性的准确预测和流动机理的深入剖析依赖于分离流场结构的精确求解。随着计算流体力学特别是湍流模拟方法的不断完善，数值模拟能够更为清晰和完备地反映非定常分离流场的细节特征及物理本质、提供更加翔实和丰富的气动力数据。从雷诺平均（RANS）、大涡模拟（LES）和RANS/LES这3类典型湍流模拟方法的应用层面出发，综合评述了近年来数值模拟研究在翼型结冰状态失速特性预测与分离特征描述等方面取得的主要进展，并从高精度冰形构造、新型湍流模拟方法、深层次非定常特性、实时耦合分析等方面对现阶段研究发展的相关趋势进行总结和展望。     

滚转运动对乘波飞行器气动特性的影响

 乘波飞行器运动过程中的非定常气动特性是高超声速飞行中的重要物理问题之一。采用数值模拟方法模拟了乘波飞行器在固定迎角下绕其对称轴强迫滚转运动这一过程。比较了在不同频率和滚转角下乘波飞行器的气动特性。计算格式采用AUSM类格式中最新的AUSM+up格式。计算结果表明：AUSM+up能很好地模拟飞行器滚转运动这一非定常过程;滚转运动时,所设计的乘波飞行器能使高压气体很好地附着在乘波飞行器下表面从而使其具有较好的气动特性;当频率较大时,乘波飞行器由于角速度的诱导作用会导致升力出现迟滞现象;做滚转运动时,滚转力矩小于零,产生正阻尼,乘波飞行器不会产生“摇滚”运动。     

典型光学窗口流场的气动光学效应数值模拟

采用延迟脱体涡模拟方法计算共形光学窗口转塔和平面光学窗口转塔的绕流流场，并根据绕流流场定量分析在转角0°、90°和180°下两种光学窗口的气动光学效应和远场衍射结果。采用Zernike多项式拟合波前，并结合自适应光学分析两种光学窗口所发射光线的传输性能。结果表明：在无自适应光学矫正下，平面光学窗口在0°和180°转角下的光线传输性能优于共形光学窗口，90°则相反；在自适应光学矫正平移、倾斜、离焦和像散等低阶项时，共形光学窗口在90°和180°转角下其光线传输性能都优于平面光学窗口；而在0°转角下，两种光学窗口的光线传输性能相近。随着转角的增大，两种光学窗口气动光学效应中的高阶项不断减小。值得注意的是，近场畸变的光线在远场衍射后的光强峰值可能会大于未畸变光线远场衍射的光强，且其光强峰值位置会严重偏移。     

针对气动光学效应的RANS计算方法研究

针对气动光学效应研究的特殊需求,发展了相应的RANS计算方法.首先对常规湍流模型进行评估,选出对平均密度空间分布预测较好的湍流模型;同时发展了光波折射率脉动值的输运方程,用以模化脉动密度对光学成像的畸变效应.针对一典型光学头罩作为研究对象,运用本文发展的计算方法对光学窗口流场的气动光学效应进行了计算和分析.     

基于滑动网格的螺旋桨复杂绕流数值模拟研究

利用SST湍流模型,求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程数值模拟螺旋桨粘性绕流。为了实现桨叶的相对运动,采用了滑动网格技术,即将计算区域分为静止区域和随桨叶一起运动的旋转区域。以课题组设计的1.2 m螺旋桨为例,分别对不同风速下的桨叶粘性流动进行了非定常数值模拟,计算得到的螺旋桨气动特性与实验值吻合良好,证明了方法的正确性。     

基于非定常面元/黏性涡粒子混合法的旋翼/平尾非定常气动干扰

旋翼/平尾非定常气动干扰是导致直升机纵向“抬头（Pitch-up）”现象的主要原因。为在直升机设计阶段准确分析旋翼/平尾非定常气动干扰以及由此引起的低速纵向操纵特性变化,通过涡量等效原则和Neumann物面边界条件建立了适用于旋翼/平尾气动干扰分析的非定常面元/黏性涡粒子混合法。该方法耦合了考虑尾迹时变效应的非定常面元法、黏性涡粒子法及涡量镜面法,以准确模拟旋翼和平尾的非定常气动载荷、旋翼尾迹的非定常特性以及旋翼尾迹对平尾的气动干扰效应。首先通过计算NASA ROBIN（Rotor Body Interaction）旋翼尾迹几何和诱导速度分布,并与实验测量值、时间精确自由尾迹及CFD计算结果对比验证方法的准确性。相比于时间精确自由尾迹,本文方法计算精度更高。随后分析了旋翼/平尾非定常气动干扰对平尾向下气动载荷和气动导数的影响,并分析了平尾构型对旋翼/平尾非定常气动干扰的影响规律。分析表明：旋翼尾迹与平尾干扰导致低速状态的平尾载荷突增,气动导数反号;低平尾气动载荷突增较大,高平尾较小,但高速气动导数反号;前置平尾载荷突增量减小,但对应速度范围较宽;右旋直升机右平尾载荷突增量较小,但气动导数特性基本不变。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.