日全食期间中间层大气臭氧光化过程试验

利用包括活O_x、HO_x、和NO_x等成份在内的一维时变光化模式,研究了日全食时上中层大气臭氧和O₂(1△g)的变化特性,并通过与观测资料的比较进行了光化模式的试验.结果表明,日全食时太阳辐照变化对1.27μm气晖影响的高度比曙暮期间明显偏低,利用1.27μm气晖光度计测量大气臭氧的高度范围约为52-67km.1997年3月9日漠河日全食时测量的大气臭氧含量变化幅度为50％.这与考虑O_x、HO_x、和NO_x等成份的光化模式理论模拟结果基本一致.它表明在52-67km高度范围不存在臭氧亏损现象.      

地磁暴期间中、低纬度地区大气臭氧含量的变化

本文分析了1966—1983年不同类型磁暴期间大气臭氧含量的变化。分析结果表明,不同类型磁暴发生时,臭氧含量均有明显的变化,但其特征是不相同的。G_C暴出现时在第6天[O₃]出现明显的下降;S_I暴出现时在第3天和第4天出现较大的下降;S_C暴中的S_A暴对[O₃]的扰动幅度最大,最大下降出现在第1天;S_B暴发生时,[O₃]最大下降出现在第2天;S_D和S_d暴期间[O₃]也在第2天下降到最小值;S_b暴发生时,[O₃]则在0天出现最小值。当这些暴出现时,[O₃]的扰动幅度依次减小,但不论哪种暴发生的前一天,[O₃]都有一个明显的增加。      

利用曙暮气晖反演中层臭氧的可行性

利用1.27μm曙暮气晖反演大气O₃是中间层03含量的重要测量方法.本文研究了1.27μm地面曙暮气晖所包含的独立信息参量、可测量高度和垂直分辨率;讨论了光化学参量、大气参量不定性的影响和对中间层O₃含量变化的灵敏度.结果指出,利用这一方法可以给出60－90km高度的大气O₃含量,光化模式参量不定性的影响约为10％.      

受控生态生保系统内红萍供氧特性研究

研究红萍载人供O₂特征, 为红萍生物部件进行系统总体地面模拟试验及空间应用奠定基础,构建了受控生态生保系统密闭试验舱和红萍栽培装置, 在“红萍-鱼-人”共存情况下, 测定密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度的变化. 试验结果显示, 单位重量的鱼耗O₂量. 0805～0.0831 L·kg-1·h-1, 排放CO₂量为0.0705～0.0736 L·kg-1·h-1; 试验志愿者耗O₂量19.71 L·h-1, 呼吸释放CO₂量18.90 L·h-1. 人工光照保持7000～8000 lx条件下, 红萍的光合作用与人和鱼的呼吸作用相辅相成, 舱内O₂, CO₂浓度趋于平衡. 密闭舱内CO₂浓度升高对促进红萍群体净光合效率有明显效果, 红萍光合放O₂能力很强, 能有效促使密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度朝着有利于人生存的环境方向平衡, 进而验证了红萍的空间应用前景.      

一种电离层垂直剖面物理模型及其与IRI-90模型的比较

在80-500km范围内考虑了3种中性成份的4种离子,从严格的电子和离子密度连续方程出发,对中性风和扩散效应进行了全面、连续的考虑,由此建立了一种电离层的物理模式;在此模式的基础上针对北京地区分别对太阳活动低年(F_10.7=60)、高年(F_10.7=300)的春(DOY=90)、夏(DOY=180)、秋(DOY=270)、冬(DOY=365)进行计算,并将所得结果与IRI-90进行了比较.结果表明: E层为典型的Chapman层: E-F谷区深度一般为0.2-0.5之间,比IRI要深;F₁缘在太阳活动低年的四季都出现,其中夏天最明显,已形成了一个F₁层,冬天最不明显,仅表现为一个轻微的凸缘,在太阳活动高年只有夏天出现了F₁凸缘,这与现有理论相符合,而IRI-90较少出现明显的F₁缘;F₂层的电子密度是活动高年比低年大,平均冬天比夏天大,这与观测结果也基本符合.      

确定总电子含量积分常数的一种方法

本文叙述确定总电子含量积分常数(Ω_c)的一个方法。它是根据同步卫星信号相对法拉第旋转角(Ω_R)随昼夜f₀2F₂值的变化,运用最小二乘法计算Ω_c对于f₀2F₂的回归直线。此线的斜率正比于电离层等效板厚τ,直线与纵轴的交点给出Ω_c。      

电离层D区域电子浓度和电子有效损耗率随时间的变化

本文根据D电离层的电离复合理论,讨论了利用单站、单一频率的LF天波资料连续监测和研究D区域固定高度上电子浓度N(h₀,t)和电子有效损耗率ψ(h₀,t)随时间变化的方法。应用这一方法对武昌站的部分实验资料作了分析,得到了N(h₀,t)的日变化、月变化曲线;并发现ψ(h₀,t)也有明显的日照效应,上、下午呈现显著的不对称性;两者的逐日变化都较小。      

电离层电场对磁层活动响应时延的模式研究

本文用极盖边界上电离层驱动电位φ₀随时间变化的不同模式计算了场向电流J_∥2及电离层对流电场E的演化过程。计算表明,当φ₀(t)先升后降有极大值时,J_∥2(t)和E(t)也表现出类似的趋势。但它们的极值滞后于φ_0max出现的时刻,即在一段时间内,φ₀虽已开始下降,J_∥2及高纬E却继续增大。一般说,E先于J_∥2达到极值,但相差甚小。φ₀变化形式不同时,滞后时间亦不同。当φ₀陡升缓降时,E、J_∥2的极值相对于φ_0max的时延可超过一小时。这与持续时间较长的磁暴期间所观测到的电离层场强响应时延量级是一致的。时延大小还受电离层电导率的制约。低纬电离层场强的响应与高纬不同,其升降趋势与φ₀同步。      

利用特征速度讨论磁流体力学激波特性

本文用作者在文[1]中引入的特征速度U_*作为磁流体力学激波的基本强度参数,解析地讨论了磁流体力学激波的种类和特性;详细地讨论了磁场强度跃变比h随特征马赫数平方M_*2=U_*2/C₁2的函数的变化;给出介质密度、压力、法向和切向速度[u_x]/C₁和[u_y]/C₁跃变比的结果,最后,讨论了包括励磁和消磁激波在内的垂直和平行磁流体力学激波的极限情形。      

我国某些普通球粒陨石金属相的元素分布

本文用仪器中子活化分析法测定了我国不同化学群的吉林(H₅),信阳(H₅)、肇东(L₅)、广饶(L_6-5)和东台(LL₆)等普通球粒陨石金属相的Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Cr、Mn、Ga、Ge、Ir、Au和As含量.每个陨石的金属相按粒径分为>20目.20—40目.<40目等.根据这些结果,讨论了元素的分布规律和分馏趋势以及决定金属相组成的作用过程.      

Validation of 9.6 μm ozone transmittances by spectral radiance satellite measurements

The accuracy of atmospheric transmittances is important in remote sensing applications. In this paper the atmospheric ozone transmittances in the 1042 cm^?1 ozone band were calculated for different temperatures and ozone profiles using line-by-line integration method. The absorption line parameters were taken from McClatchey's line parameter compilation. The transmittances were used to derive the main characteristics of the atmospheric ozone profile and the total ozone amount from radiance measurements of Meteor satellites.     

紫外后向散射探测臭氧总量的反演误差研究

通过探测紫外后向散射获取臭氧总量目前已经成为臭氧总量探测的主要方法之一. 本文以模拟计算为主要方法, 从模式计算误差, 反演算法误差和仪器误差三方面着手, 对影响臭氧总量反演精度的各个参数进行分析研究, 并对由其引起的臭氧总量反演误差进行定量计算, 研究结果对臭氧总量反演精度的提高和实际观测资料的处理有着重要的指导意义.      

Assessment of the ozone and temperature variability during 1979–1993 with the chemistry-climate model SOCOL

The chemistry-climate model SOCOL has been applied for the study of ozone and temperature anomalies during 1979–1993. Temperature and ozone anomalies have been obtained for a set of model runs forced by all major stratospheric forcing mechanisms. Forcings have been prescribed separately and together to assess their individual influence on stratospheric ozone and temperature. The results of these simulations have been compared to available satellite data. The model captures well ozone depletion and cooling in the upper stratosphere due to increases in the abundance of greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances in the atmosphere. In the lower stratosphere, the model reproduces the warming over tropical and middle latitudes caused by the El-Chichon and Pinatubo eruptions. However, the simulated ozone response is overestimated in comparison with SAGE data. The best agreement with observations has been obtained for the run with all forcings included. This emphasizes the importance of the volcanic and solar forcings for the correct reproduction of observed trends. Comparison of near-global total ozone anomalies confirms an overestimation of ozone depletion just after volcanic eruptions, while the overall agreement with the model is fairly good.     

对流层顶变化对上对流层/下平流层臭氧分布的影响

上对流层和下平流层(UT／LS)，位于8-25km高度之间，是大气中一个很特殊的区域．大部分的臭氧分布在下平流层，在下平流层臭氧的含量发生一个很小的变化，就会对气候和地面的紫外辐射产生很大的影响．而作为气象参数的对流层顶，是充分混合、缺乏臭氧的上对流层和层结稳定、臭氧丰富的下平流层之间的边界或过渡层，其变化对臭氧总量和分布有直接和明显的影响．本文使用二维模式模拟研究对流层顶变化对臭氧在UT／LS分布的影响．模拟结果表明对流层顶的季节变化对UT/LS的臭氧分布有明显的影响，臭氧的局地变化可以超过10％在冬季北半球中纬度对流层顶高度升高1km时，模式结果表明对臭氧分布的影响比较显著，局地变化可超过6％，但是对臭氧总量的影响较小，变化不超过5DU，小于观测资料统计分析的结果。     

Simulation experiments of the effect of space environment on bacteriophage and DNA thin films.

The main goal of PUR experiment (phage and uracil response) is to examine and quantify the effect of specific space conditions on nucleic acid models. To achieve this an improved method was elaborated for the preparation of DNA and bacteriophage thin films. The homogeneity of the films was controlled by UV spectroscopy and microscopy. To provide experimental evidence for the hypothesis that interplanetary transfer of the genetic material is possible, phage T7 and isolated T7 DNA thin films have been exposed to selected space conditions: intense UVC radiation (lambda=254 nm) and high vacuum (10(-4) Pa). The effects of DNA hydration, conformation and packing on UV radiation damage were examined. Characteristic changes in the absorption spectrum, in the electrophoretic pattern of DNA and the decrease of the amount of PCR products have been detected indicating the photodamage of isolated and intraphage DNA.     

Mars ultraviolet imaging spectrometer experiment on the PLANET-B mission

An ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) has been developed for the PLANET-B spacecraft. The UVS instrument is composed of a grating spectrometer (UVS-G) and a D/H absorption cell photometer (UVS-P). The UVS-G is a flat-field type spectrometer measuring optical emissions in the FUV and MUV range between 115 nm and 310 nm with a spectral resolution of 2 – 3 nm. The UVS-P is a photometer detecting hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) Lyman α emissions separately by an absorption cell technique. Scientific targets of the UVS experiment are the investigation of (1) hydrogen and oxygen coronas around Mars, (2) the D/H ratio in the upper atmosphere, (3) dayglow, (4) aurora and nightglow, (5) dust, clouds and ozone, and (6) the surface composition of Phobos and Deimos.     

用于热控涂层性能原位测试的辐射计设计

针对空间环境中热控涂层性能退化的问题,提出一种模拟空间环境中利用测热法实现热控涂层太阳吸收率原位测试的辐射计设计方案.结合模拟空间环境的测试要求,进行辐射计的原理设计与理论研究;对辐射计进行结构热分析,建立辐射计测试过程中各项换热的计算式,从而得到辐射计的瞬态计算模型.恒温测试环境下利用辐射计对SR107热控涂层进行了测试.实验结果表明:辐射计测试的SR107热控涂层太阳吸收率值与该涂层的标定值之间的相对误差在2%以内,测试的不确定度为6.3%,实验结果验证了该测试方法的有效性.      

Verification of satellite observations of stratospheric minor constituents

The TIROS-N operational meteorological satellite observing system will have the capability of determining global ozone amounts from two instruments by 1985. The TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) yields total ozone amounts through measurements of atmospheric infrared radiances. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) spectrometer yields total ozone amounts and vertical ozone profiles through measurements of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered by the atmosphere. The current operations plan calls for single satellites containing both instruments system with local afternoon equator crossing times. They will be launched at approximately 18 month intervals.The satellite ozone products will require verification using commonly accepted references. For total ozone, Dobson spectrophotometer determinations are to be used. For vertical profiles, no clear choice now exists among balloon-launched chemical sondes, rocket-launched optical sondes or Dobson Umkehr measurements. The applicability and use of these measurement systems are discussed with emphasis on the need for the verification data consistent with the operational satellite lifetimes.Another major source of data for verification is other satellite systems. Comparisons of vertical ozone profiles from several concurrent satellites is discussed. This includes results from SAGE, LIMS and SBUV.     

高层大气臭氧对于太阳紫外辐射27天波动的响应

本文利用Ｓｏｌａｒ Ｍｅｓｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ（ＳＭＥ）卫星１９８２年和１９８３年太阳紫外辐射和赤道地区５０－９０ｋｍ臭氧分布的红外观测资料，对臭氧地太阳紫外辐射２７天振荡的响应进行了研究，并且利用大气光化波动模式对其进行了理论计算，计算结果与实测结果基本一致。