大型复合材料机身壁板多机器人协同装配调姿控形方法

针对飞机大型复合材料机身壁板尺寸大、曲率大、外形偏差不易控制等装配工艺特点，提出了一种基于多机器人协同的复合材料机身壁板装配调姿控形方法。实现了各机器人末端夹持单元预定位，并建立了多机器人柔性装配工装的全局运动学模型；通过多机器人主从协同运动实现复合材料机身壁板的调姿定位，分析了协同运动误差；构建了壁板形状控制点偏差与机器人运动量的变换关系，通过机器人的运动实现了复合材料机身壁板的形状控制。最后，对所提出的方法进行了应用实验验证，结果表明采用主从协同运动的调姿方法，调姿定位精度优于0.08 mm。形状调控后复合材料机身壁板形状精度可达0.6 mm，证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于并联构型的飞机装配调姿定位机构精度研究

针对飞机装配中机身壁板等组件调姿定位问题,本文首先提出了一种基于3-UPS并联构型的飞机装配调姿定位机构,该机构可以实现飞机组件装配的6自由度调姿与定位.同时,为提高飞机组件装配精度,分析了各运动副铰链间的误差间隙对飞机装配调姿定位机构姿态的影响,并据此建立了3-UPS并联机构的有效杆长模型.进一步地,基于并联机构位置正解得到了飞机装配调姿定位机构的定位精度模型.最后,通过MATLAB仿真分析了间隙的存在对机构运动精度的影响,为基于3-UPS并联机构在调姿定位中的控制补偿提供了理论基础.     

大型飞机机身调姿与对接试验系统

为实现飞机大部件装配过程的数字化、自动化和柔性化,研制了大型飞机机身调姿与对接试验系统.阐述了该系统的工作原理,通过激光跟踪仪测量试验机身上的检测点,集成管理系统计算试验机身的位姿,控制系统驱动多个三坐标数控定位器协同运动,实现试验机身的调姿与对接.建立了位姿调整机构的运动学模型,针对构建的硬件平台完成了包括集成管理系...     

基于SDT和间接平差的中机身自动调姿精度分析

以4定位器式中机身调姿机构为研究对象,提出了一种飞机部件动态调姿精度的分析方法。首先,使用小位移旋量(Small Displacement Torsors,SDT)对定位器各关键公差建模,建立了定位器4层次误差SDT模型。其次,基于微分变换推导出定位器制造误差与中机身位姿误差之间的显式函数关系,给出了制造误差传递与累积系数矩阵。在此基础上,结合5次多项式轨迹规划方法,建立了单个定位器动态误差传递数学模型。然后,针对多定位器的误差耦合,综合运用间接平差法和加权最小二乘法,提出了多定位器球铰中心点动态误差耦合计算方法,并推导出了误差补偿量计算表达式。试验结果表明,依据该方法计算定位器驱动修正值,对调姿机构实施误差补偿,能较好地降低调姿误差,提高调姿部件的定位精度,为保证大部件对接装配协调准确度提供了有效途径。     

大型复合材料机身壁板调姿定位与真空吸附柔性工装设计

针对大型复合材料机身壁板需要调姿定位和无损夹持的问题,提出基于混联调姿和真空吸附的柔性工装结构方案。在对复合材料壁板调姿定位工艺流程和真空吸附工艺流程分析基础上,设计一种集成了串联式的X向和Y向十字滑台、并联式的Z向和B角调整模块、真空吸附和A角自适应调节的柔性工装结构,并通过柔性工装试验件进行了功能试验。试验结果表明:调姿定位和真空吸附柔性工装调姿平稳、定位准确、真空吸附安全可靠,满足调姿定位和无损夹持功能要求。     

柔性薄壁大部件数字化装配调姿算法研究

采用定位器托架混合调姿定位平台,提出了一种飞机薄壁柔性大部件数字化调姿方法。首先,采用奇异值分解法(SVD)计算机翼位姿,通过运动学逆解得到定位器各轴的运动状态。其次,根据飞机大部件易变形的特点,提出了一种消除位姿计算误差的建立飞机部件坐标系的方法,实现快速高精度调姿。最后,将该方法应用于飞机机翼的调姿,经测量调姿精度满足装配要求。     

基于ELM的飞机数字化装配定位运动模型

针对飞机装配中开敞性较差环境下的串联装配机构半闭环定位运动控制问题进行研究,提出了基于极限学习机(EML)算法的飞机数字化装配定位运动模型。通过分析飞机数字化装配串联定位机构的运动学模型特点及性能要求,提出了飞机数字化装配定位运动的单隐含层前馈神经网络模型,并基于极限学习机提出了装配定位运动的数据辨识模型,且最后给出了基于极限学习机算法的定位运动离线辨识方法。通过将某大型飞机机身壁板柔性预定位工装作为试验平台进行验证,结果表明,获得的定位运动模型使直接装配定位精度达到±0.25 mm,满足某大型飞机机身壁板长桁的装配定位精度要求±0.50 mm。试验系统涉及的若干关键技术已应用于某大型飞机的壁板组件装配预定位柔性工装系统。     

基于POGO柱三点支撑的飞机大部件调姿方法

 针对飞机数字化装配中大部件调姿与对接问题,设计了一种精密三坐标POGO柱,在此基础之上提出了一种基于三坐标POGO柱三点支撑的姿态调整方法。对基于POGO柱的调姿特性进行了分析,掌握了姿态可叠加特性和POGO柱受力状态的可叠加特性,由此得到了大部件调姿过程中三坐标POGO柱受力变形的计算方法,并给出POGO柱变形引起大部件姿态误差的数学模型,为控制系统实施调姿过程误差补偿提供了依据。仿真分析和实验研究表明基于3个POGO柱的大部件调姿方法具有稳定、可靠、高效的优点,通过简单的重组可以推广到四点支撑以便适应各类大型部件姿态调整的需要。     

爆炸冲击载荷下机身壁板的动态响应

为了满足“最小风险炸弹位置(LRBL)”的设计要求,有必要针对爆炸冲击载荷下机身壁板的动态响应开展研究。参考典型客机机身结构建立了铝合金机身壁板有限元模型,分析了增压、爆炸冲击位置与药量对机身壁板变形模式与失效行为的影响。研究结果表明,当机身壁板蒙皮未发生失效时,增压对整体变形模式的影响较小。当机身壁板蒙皮发生失效时,增压对整体失效行为的影响剧烈;爆炸冲击不同位置时,冲击长桁及隔框位置造成的开口损伤较小,但是结构产生了更长的裂纹损伤;随着药量的增加,冲击波更快传递到结构,冲击位置获得了更大的变形速度。     

典型复合材料结构固化变形仿真预测与控制验证

针对典型复合材料结构固化成型过程中变形难以控制的问题,本文对典型复合材料结构的固化变形进行仿真预测,从固化工艺和模具补偿两方面对固化变形加以控制和验证。固化工艺方面以各设计点变形数据为基础确定了最优固化工艺曲线,模具补偿方面提出了一种构件有限元模型自适应调整的方法,综合考虑固化工艺参数与模具型面补偿采用了一种基于全局补偿量的协同控制方法。结果表明,通过仿真模拟L形构件的固化变形误差为12.4%,借助响应面优化算法得到的L形构件最优固化工艺曲线其固化变形预测值与各试验设计点最大变形的最小值偏差不超过3.3%;T形加筋壁板有限元模型经自适应调整后,对于下表面与目标型面之间的偏差距离,数值模拟值与试验测量值的最大相对误差为17.20%。通过全局补偿量的协同控制方法对半筒形壁板的模具进行补偿,其固化变形最大值相比于传统单一模具型面补偿控制方法降低了接近90%。     

Collaborative force and shape control for large composite fuselage panels assembly

This study proposed a force and shape collaborative control method that combined method of influence coefficients(MIC) and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) to reduce the shape deviation caused by manufacturing errors, gravity deformation,and fixturing errors and improve the shape accuracy of the assembled large composite fuselage panel. This study used a multi-point flexible assembly system driven by hexapod parallel robots. The proposed method simultaneously considers...     

Trajectory Planning Algorithm Based on Quaternion for 6-DOF Aircraft Wing Automatic Position and Pose Adjustment Method

 A 6-degree of freedom (6-DOF) aircraft wing position and pose automatic adjustment method is presented to improve ARJ21 wing-fuselage connection precision and efficiency. Wing position and pose are adjusted by three pillars which are driven by six high-precision servo motors. During the adjustment process, wing is tracked and positioned by laser tracker. Wing initial posi-tion and pose are calibrated by using the measurement coordinates of assembly reference points. Wing target position and pose are calculated according to wing initial, fuselage position and pose, and relative position and pose requirements between wing and fuselage for the connection. Combining Newton-Euler method with quaternion position and pose analyzing method, the inverse kinematics of servo motors, together with the adjustment system dynamics is obtained. Wing quintic polynomial trajec-tory planning algorithm based on quaternion is proposed; the initial, target position and pose need to be solved and the inter-mediate moving path is uncertain. Simulation results show that the adjustment method has good dynamic characteristics and satisfies engineering requirements. Preliminary engineering application indicates that ARJ21 wing adjustment efficiency and precision are improved by using the proposed method.     

An optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly with engineering constraints

Posture of an aircraft fuselage can be evaluated based on the coordinate values of measure points fixed on the aircraft fuselage in aircraft final assembly. Posture adjustment is carried out by rotation and translation of the aircraft fuselage to make sure that the actual coordinate values of the measure points are coincided with the theoretical ones read from the computer aided design(CAD) model. The point registration method of posture adjustment without considering engineering constraints may cause out-of-tolerance for some engineering constraints. Hence, engineering constraints such as plane symmetry of two points, as well as coplanar and collinear of the multipoint should be considered in the new optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. Based on the point registration model, a multi-objective optimization model of posture adjustment considering engineering constraints including collinear, coplanar, and symmetry constraints is established and represented by a uniform vector function. The weights of constraint conditions can be set freely in the optimization model to reflect the importance of the corresponding constraints in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. The rotation and translation parameters of posture adjustment are obtained by the proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method. Results of an example of aircraft fuselage joining assembly show that constraint errors of posture adjustment obtained by the multi-objective optimization model are not out of tolerance for design constraint errors and satisfy the requirement of aircraft fuselage joining assembly.     

A heuristic cabin-type component alignment method based on multi-source data fusion

In cabin-type component alignment, digital measurement technology is usually adopted to provide guidance for assembly. Depending on the system of measurement, the alignment process can be divided into measurement-assisted assembly (MAA) and force-driven assembly. In MAA, relative pose between components is directly measured to guide assembly, while in force-driven assembly, only contact state can be recognized according to measured six-dimensional force and torque (6D F/T) and the process is completed based on preset assembly strategy. Aiming to improve the efficiency of force-driven cabin-type component alignment, this paper proposed a heuristic alignment method based on multi-source data fusion. In this method, measured 6D F/T, pose data and geometric information of components are fused to calculate the relative pose between components and guide the movement of pose adjustment platform. Among these data types, pose data and measured 6D F/T are combined as data set. To collect the data sets needed for data fusion, dynamic gravity compensation method and hybrid motion control method are designed. Then the relative pose calculation method is elaborated, which transforms collected data sets into discrete geometric elements and calculates the relative poses based on the geometric information of components. Finally, experiments are conducted in simulation environment and the results show that the proposed alignment method is feasible and effective.     

基于夹具主动定位补偿的飞机柔性件装配偏差优化方法

柔性零件广泛用于航空、汽车等产品中,在柔性件的装配过程中,装配尺寸质量受零件制造、夹具和连接过程中多种偏差源的耦合影响,分析和控制难度大。提出了一种基于夹具主动定位补偿的装配偏差优化方法。首先,基于柔性件装配的受力变形分析,建立了考虑夹具法向定位误差的装配偏差模型。然后,根据上述模型,以夹具法向定位补偿量为优化变量,提出了夹具法向补偿量的优化模型和求解算法。以金属薄板装配和飞机壁板件装配为例,分别利用实验及有限元仿真分析了有无夹具主动定位补偿下的装配偏差。结果表明,夹具法向定位补偿对于减小柔性件的装配偏差具有显著效果,从而验证该优化算法的有效性和准确性。     

基于遗传算法的机器人负载重力补偿优化算法研究

航空航天装配领域,利用安装在机器人末端的六维力传感器来感知外力是实现工业机器人柔顺装配的关键技术之一,而负载的存在会干扰对外力的感知。针对工业机器人末端负载的重力补偿,提出一种基于遗传算法的重力补偿优化算法。此方法以误差平方和最小为目标建立了最优解模型,利用遗传算法求解,最终可以在不使用测量仪器的情况下,估计力传感器安装偏角,提高重力补偿精度。同时设计了特定的机器人测量姿态来减少系统误差。试验表明,优化算法可以补偿任意角度的力传感器安装偏角,与补偿前相比,各方向最大重力补偿误差及平均重力补偿误差都有所减小。     

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

飞机机身-机翼接头精加工条件评价技术

 在飞机机身部件数字化对接装配过程中,为保证机身-机翼接头配合面与连接孔精加工的安全性,在加工前安排机身-机翼接头的在线三坐标测量工序。具体阐述了基于专用数控机床的机身-机翼接头测量方法,提出了被测孔与平面理想几何要素的稳健最小二乘拟合方法,并给出了基于被测孔、面拟合方位的机身-机翼接头可加工性评价模型。仿真结果表明：接头孔与平面的稳健拟合方法具有较高的精度和较强的抗粗差能力,机身-机翼接头的可加工性检验能揭示不合理的飞机机身、机翼位姿所带来的加工安全隐患,从而避免精加工过程破坏机身-机翼接头。     

应用于飞机装配的并联机构技术发展综述

并联机构的闭链结构使其具有良好的精度、刚性及动态性能，可满足飞机装配的精度、效率需求，因此，以并联机构为构型主体的自动化装配装备正越来越多地应用于飞机装配中。首先，概述了当前并联机构发展现状及飞机装配体现出的新特点，分析了并联机构应用于飞机装配的优势。其次，从飞机装配零部件加工和飞机零部件装配调姿定位两个方面综述了应用于飞机装配并联机构的国内外发展现状。然后，探讨了并联机构主要的前沿研究问题，从并联机构可重构设计、性能评价及优化设计、精度建模和力/位协同控制等4个方面，详细分析了并联机构应用于飞机装配中的关键技术。最后，对并联机构应用在飞机装配中未来的发展方向和机遇做了展望。