先进的作动器技术研究

介绍了直接驱动式作动器、电静液作动器、集成电液作动器、机电作动器、光传灵巧作动器的原理、特点、应用等.     

机载电静液作动系统的发展现状与关键技术研究

总结了新型机载作动系统的发展背景与研究意义,介绍了用于功率电传的电静液作动器和机电作动器的发展现状,综述了机载电静液作动系统设计、开发和取得的技术成果,论述了机载电静液作动系统发展中有待于进一步研究的问题,提出了开展该项研究的建议和措施。     

一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的设计与仿真分析

一体化电动静液作动系统兼备传统液压作动系统和直接驱动的机电作动系统的优点,也就是同时具备高转距和大功率密度,并且易于模块化。本文阐述了一种一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的总体结构和工作原理,对电机、泵和液压缸的选用以及系统设计提出了明确的要求,并对其各个模块进行了建模和仿真分析。结果表明,EHA的性能能够满足现代飞机对作动系统的要求,在未来功率电传(PBW)的飞控系统中具有很好的应用前景。     

电动静液作动器非线性框图建模与鲁棒控制方法

 阐述了机载电动静液作动器（EHA）的典型工作原理与结构特点,根据其元部件数学方程,建立非线性精确框图模型,完善了EHA补油回路和摩擦特性的描述。通过对系统阻尼、稳态误差及摩擦的仿真分析,设计了一种结合动态压力反馈与变增益控制策略的状态反馈控制器,改善了系统动、静态性能。鲁棒性测试结果反映了系统参数不确定性对性能的影响。     

液压伺服作动器与电动作动器性能仿真分析

以Imagine公司的AMESim为仿真平台,建立了液压伺服作动系统的物理模型和电动作动系统的物理模型,采用AMESim处理结果对两种作动器的性能进行了仿真分析。     

非线性因素耦合下电动作动器的 动力学建模与仿真研究

针对飞行器半实物仿真领域对电动作动器高精度建模的需求,对电动作动器的各分系统分别进行动力学方程描述,建立了含间隙、刚度和摩擦等非线性因素的完整电动作动器模型。通过对比模型仿真与实测结果,表明所建分系统的动力学方程是合理正确的。建立的模型对于指导作动器的设计和优化均具有较大的参考价值。     

航空发动机反推作动器楔形缓冲结构研究

为了削弱航空发动机反推作动器在展开过程末端的强烈机械冲击，将楔形液压缸缓冲结构应用于该反推作动器。本文建立了该反推作动器节流缓冲的数学模型和Simulink仿真模型，对该作动器在缓冲过程中的速度特性和时间特性进行仿真，分析了速度和压力对其缓冲特性的影响。研究结果表明，本文提出的楔形缓冲结构有助于减小航空发动机反推作动器活塞与筒体的碰撞速度，能有效削弱工作末端的冲击；在保证运行速度不变的前提下，可以通过适当降低系统的通油压力来提高反推作动器的节流缓冲效果。     

一种新型伺服作动器的构想

提出一种新型的伺服作动器，这种作动器主要有两个特点：一是用高速开关阀替代伺服阀组成数字式电液位置控制系统，这种系统其实已经在很多领域得到了应用；二是用单柱塞泵替代传统的多柱塞泵，并且将单柱塞泵集成在作动器上，这种做法目前尚未见到。本文提出的这种新型作动器实质是一个使用数字阀并且自带液压源的独立执行单元。     

基于模型的系统工程在作动器领域的应用研究

以飞机作动器产品为研究对象,通过条目化需求分析,将产品设计过程进行逐级分解。利用AMESim、AN-SYS系列软件等仿真工具,建立从部件到产品的各级仿真模型,并开展仿真分析工作,通过对仿真分析过程和结果的分析,探索了基于模型的系统工程方法的工作流程,总结了飞机液压作动器基于模型的系统工程方法的应用基础。     

跨声速风洞试验模型主动减振结构优化设计

针对跨声速风洞试验模型支撑结构,采用压电作动器嵌入支杆,形成一体化主动减振系统来抑制模型在风洞试验过程中的振动.分析了模型支撑结构在风洞试验过程中的振动特性和主动减振系统的控制原理,建立了压电作动器/风洞模型支撑结构相互耦合的动力学模型.在此基础上,采用模态可控性理论及模态价值理论,给出了主动减振结构控制能力的定量描述...     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

合成射流激励器对射流矢量的影响

合成射流激励器全流场计算模型—X L模型,实现了将激励器腔体及外部受控流场作为单连域的计算处理。对合成射流激励器在不同工作状态下控制宏观低速流流动进行了数值分析和机理探讨。结果显示:应用合成射流激励器可以有效控制宏观低速流流动方向,通过改变激励器的工作参数和布置位置可以控制主流的偏转角度;激励器处于"拉"模式对主流的控制效果更明显,且激励器与受控主流之间存在一个最佳距离,使得对主流的矢量控制效果最大;合成激励器工作形成的漩涡对强度受合成射流频率和速度幅值影响。压强梯度的存在和旋涡的卷吸作用是合成射流激励器控制宏观低速流流动方向的主要因素。     

非对称腔体合成双射流矢量特性数值研究

利用合成射流全流场计算X-L模型,对非对称腔体合成双射流激励器的射流矢量特性进行了数值模拟,分析了激励器不同腔体体积比、不同振动膜速度、不同频率下的合成双射流流场。研究结果表明,当激励器两腔体不对称时,所形成的合成双射流不再垂直向下游流动,而是会发生偏转,即射流具有矢量特性,偏转角度的大小可以通过激励器工作条件进行调节。其机理是振动膜对大小不同的两腔体的相对压缩量不同,使得两出口处所形成射流的能量和低压区不再对称,因此导致合成双射流向低能量(大腔体)一侧偏转。振动膜振幅和频率的提高对低压区大小分别起到增加和减弱的作用,所以偏转角度又随着振动膜最大速度的增加而增大,随工作频率的增加而减小。     

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic flow actuation produced by surface plasma actuator on 2D oscillating airfoil

Numerical simulation of unsteady flow control over an oscillating NACA0012 airfoil is investigated. Flow actuation of a turbulent flow over the airfoil is provided by low current DC surface glow discharge plasma actuator which is analytically modeled as an ion pressure force produced in the cathode sheath region. The modeled plasma actuator has an induced pressure force of about 2 k Pa under a typical experiment condition and is placed on the airfoil surface at 0% chord length and/or at 10% chord length. The plasma actuator at deep-stall angles(from 5° to 25°) is able to slightly delay a dynamic stall and to weaken a pressure fluctuation in down-stroke motion. As a result, the wake region is reduced. The actuation effect varies with different plasma pulse frequencies, actuator locations and reduced frequencies. A lift coefficient can increase up to 70% by a selective operation of the plasma actuator with various plasma frequencies and locations as the angle of attack changes. Active flow control which is a key advantageous feature of the plasma actuator reveals that a dynamic stall phenomenon can be controlled by the surface plasma actuator with less power consumption if a careful control scheme of the plasma actuator is employed with the optimized plasma pulse frequency and actuator location corresponding to a dynamic change in reduced frequency.     

Design and Simulation of Electro-hydrostatic Actuator with a Built-in Power Regulator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a kind of power-by-wire (PBW) actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA's reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.     

基于AMESim的直升机液压助力器建模与仿真

介绍了直升机飞行操纵系统典型液压助力器的组成和工作原理,对助力器静动态性能分析方法进行了研究。综合考虑不可忽视液压刚度、结构刚度、摩擦、泄漏等非线性因素对系统的影响,建立了基于AMESim的助力器模型。利用该模型对直升机飞行操纵系统样例液压助力器进行仿真分析,将仿真结果和试验结果进行验证对比,结果表明仿真数据和试验数据基本吻合,较好地反映了实际系统的性能。因此仿真结果可以为直升机飞行操纵系统液压助力器打样设计和结构优化提供理论分析依据。     

基于多边形膜片弹簧与压电致动器复合的一体化主被动Stewart减振系统

随着遥感卫星光学成像设备等精度的不断提升,其对振动环境的要求也在不断提高,简单的线性被动Stewart平台已经无法满足苛刻使用要求。提出了一种新型基于多边形膜片弹簧与压电致动器复合的一体化主被动Stewart减振平台,其单自由度元件主要由多边形膜片弹簧、压电致动器、力传感器以及柔性铰链组成。相较于传统线性隔振器存在的高静刚度和低动刚度之间的固有结构矛盾,所提出的多边形膜片弹簧作为隔振器的关键原件,兼具高静-低动（HSLD）特性,能够使隔振系统同时具备较高的静态刚度进行静态承载以及较低的动刚度进行动态减振。为了降低被动隔振系统中存在的共振峰幅值,本文在被动膜片弹簧元件的基础上串联一个压电致动器与力传感器组成的主动控制元件进行主动振动控制。仿真结果表明,采用比例积分力（PIF）反馈控制算法的主动控制系统,在频域上不仅可以通过积分力环节搭建出天棚阻尼的效果来降低共振峰峰值（11.19 dB）,而且其比例-力环节可等效为增大了质量矩阵项,能够有效降低减振系统的固有频率（20.9 Hz）,拓宽其减振带宽,并同时能维持高频段的高衰减性,在时域上也能够将系统的加速度振动幅值从±0.6g降低至±0.07g,振动衰减达88%。     

应用等离子体抑制空腔噪声数值仿真研究

空腔在自由来流下将产生强烈的气动噪声，这种噪声会对飞机产生负面作用，需要寻求噪声控制方法抑制空腔噪声。等离子体是一门新兴的流动控制技术，可应用在噪声抑制方面。通过在空腔前缘、后缘以及底面10个不同的位置布置等离子体激励器，研究了等离子体激励对空腔噪声的影响。结果表明：等离子体激励可以降低空腔噪声，声压级最高降低约4 dB；降低了空腔离散噪声的峰值频率；在空腔前缘壁面施加等离子体激励，噪声抑制效果最好。     

Energy-saving and accurate motion control of a hydraulic actuator with uncertain negative loads

Pump controlled hydraulic actuators are wildly used in the aerospace industry owing to the advantages of energy-saving and integrated configurations. Negative loads may occur to actuators due to external force loads or the inertial force when the actuator decelerates significantly. Uncertain negative load working conditions may cause cavitation, actuator vibration, and even instability to the motion control if the actuator is without sufficient meter-out damping. Various types of hydraulic configuration schemes have been proposed to deal with negative loads of hydraulic actuators. However, few of them can simultaneously achieve energy saving and high control accuracy. This study proposes an energy-saving and accurate motion tracking strategy for a hydraulic actuator with uncertain negative loads. The actuator’s motion is driven by a servomotor pump, which gives full play to the advantage of energy-saving. The meter-out pressure is controlled by proportional valves to provide the optimized meter-out damping. The nonlinear adaptive robust control law is designed, which guarantees the control stability and achieve high tracking accuracy. An integrated direct/indirect adaptation law obtains satisfactory parameter estimations and model compensation for asymptotic motion tracking. Comparative experiments under different working conditions were performed to validate the advantages of the proposed control strategy.     

无人机综合飞行/推力矢量控制

以某无人机为背景,主要研究大机动时带推力矢量的综合飞行/推进控制系统的设计方法。应用非线性动态逆方法,根据无人机本身具有明显不同时间尺度差异的动力学特性,结合奇异摄动理论将控制变量按照响应快慢分为4个回路进行了控制器的设计与仿真;设计推力矢量控制和气动控制相结合的控制器,实现飞行和推力矢量的控制综合;将无人机的任务转化为对飞行控制的限制条件,对所设计的控制系统进行了数字仿真,结果表明所设计的控制器能够满足飞机做大机动时的控制要求。