铝锂合金及其在航天工业上的应用

综述了铝锂合金发展的三个阶段及三个阶段铝锂合金的性能特点。重点阐述了Cu、Li等主合金元素以及Mg、Ag、Zn、Mn、Sc、Zr、In和稀土Ce等微合金化元素在第三代铝锂合金中的合金化作用;这些微合金化元素可改变合金中原有析出相的尺寸、形状、分布,或促使新的强化相析出,也可以细化晶粒、控制再结晶。总结了铝锂合金在航天工业中的应用实践及在将来的应用计划。     

高塑性铸态镁合金研究进展

铸态金属结构材料具有足够的塑性是后续进行变形加工以提高综合力学性能的前提,开发塑性相对较好的铸态镁合金,对于变形镁合金的多样化发展和扩大应用范围,具有重要的意义。本文综述了Mg-Al、Mg-Li、Mg-Zn、Mg-RE(稀土)等系列镁合金中塑性相对较好的铸态合金的研究情况,总结了熔铸工艺等的影响。铸态镁合金塑性的提高,多是合金化元素带来的晶粒细化与第二相弥散强化两种作用的综合结果;多种元素复合微合金化的方法更有优势;热处理也能进一步优化合金性能,快冷铸造、外加电磁场等熔铸工艺和方法也有不错的效果,值得在生产中推广使用。     

国内铝锂合金基础研究及应用技术开发

总结了国内在铝锂合金主合金元素Cu、Li以及微合金元素Mg、Ag、Zn、稀土的(微)合金化效果及作用机理方面的研究结果。在主合金元素的研究方面,重点阐述了铝锂合金强度随Cu+Li总原子分数及Cu/(Cu+Li)原子分数比例增加而提高,但晶间腐蚀(IGC)抗力则随Cu/Li比增加而逐渐降低的规律及相关机理。在微合金化元素研究方面,主要阐述了Mg+X(X=Ag/Zn)添加促进T_1(Al_2CuLi)相形核并提高铝锂合金力学性能的机理,其强化效果的规律表现为:Mg+Ag+ZnMg+AgMg+ZnMg,同时还阐明了添加微量Zn元素提高铝锂合金IGC抗力,而添加微量Ag则降低IGC抗力的现象及其机理;另外,还总结了稀土(RE)元素分别在高Cu/Li比铝锂合金(以T1相为主强化相)及低Cu/Li比铝锂合金[以δ'(Al_3Li)相为主强化相]中的不利影响及有利影响的作用机理。除此之外,简述了国内航天用2195铝锂合金旋压、摩擦搅拌焊、氩弧焊、化铣等应用技术的开发情况。     

航空机载设备用优质铝合金Al7Si0.3MgTiSb

介绍了Al7Si0.3MgTiSb的合金化原理、性能及熔铸工艺特点.指出该合金是一种机械性能和工艺性能优良的热处理型铸造铝合金,适合于制造薄壁、精密的航空机载设备结构件.     

Al—7%Si合金综合处理及其力学性能的研究

在有效的熔体处理基础上，对Al-Si合金进行适当的微合金化处理，可明显提高Al-Si合金的力学性能，本文通过对Al-7%Si合金精炼，细化，变质处理后，加入Mg,Zr ,V等元素，使合金力学性能大幅度提高。     

合金元素及第二相对钨的影响

综述了活化烧结元素,合金化元素,杂质元素及化合物对钨合金组织和性能的影响,并对新型钨基合金及其复合材料的研究、开发提出了一些看法。     

航空机载设备用优质铝合金A17Si0.3mpMgTiSb

介绍了A17Si0．3MgTiSb的合金化原理、性能及熔铸工艺特点．指出该合金是一种机械性能和工艺性能优良的热处理型铸造铝合金，适合于制造薄壁、精密的航空机载设备结构件．     

合金元素及第二相对钨的影响

综述了活化烧结元素,合金化元素,杂质元素及化合物对钨合金组织和性能的影响,并对新型钨基合金及其复合材料的研究,开发提出了一些看法。     

电子束改性ZL109的力学性能和耐磨性

研究了ZL10 9合金电子束重熔和合金化改性的力学性能、组织结构和耐磨性。试验证明 ,在耐磨性方面 ,电子束改性ZL10 9活塞合金优于高镍铸铁。     

Al–Mg–Si合金电弧熔丝增材构件组织与性能

以复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧(HPVP–GTAW)为热源,Al–5Mg(ER5087)和Al–5Si(ER4043两种焊丝为填丝材料进行铝合金电弧熔丝增材制造,通过控制两焊丝的送丝速度获得不同主要合金元素Mg和Si含量的Al–Mg–Si合金薄壁构件,试验研究不同Mg/Si比及热处理对薄壁构件组织及性能的影响。结果表明:合金组织主要由柱状晶及少量等轴晶组成,呈非均匀分布。调节主要合金元素含量可实现对铝合金增材构件性能的控制,随着Mg/Si比的增加,增材构件的力学性能呈上升趋势,各向同性;经过固溶及人工时效热处理后,增材构件的力学性能得到显著提升,但塑性降低。     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

Blockage effect on the flow around a cylinder probe in calibration

Flow around a 2-D cylinder pressure probe placed in uniform flow,free jet flow,and wind tunnel flow was analyzed with potential flow theory and simulated with numerical method.Blockage effect was investigated under several typical flow Mach numbers.The result from numerical simulation shows a similar trend to the one from potential flow method while varies in quantity.Wind tunnel walls accelerate the flow near the probe and thus produce a blockage effect;Boundary of free jet flow,however,decelerates the flow and thus produces a "negative" blockage effect.A maximum incoming Mach number exists when the probe is calibrated in wind tunnel in high subsonic condition due to choking caused by shocks and shock induced separation.The critical Mach number varies with blockage ratio,which makes high Mach number impossible to achieve in large blockage ratio condition.The blockage effect itself is unavoidable for calibration or measurement although a sufficiently small blockage ratio brings minor effect.Correction can be implemented based on the numerical simulation result presented in this paper and further works.      

基于马赫数分布可控曲面外/内锥形基准流场的前体/进气道一体化设计

提出了一种高超声速飞行器乘波前体的外锥形基准流场设计方法,在锥面马赫数分布规律给定的条件下,通过有旋特征线法实现反设计,提高了基准流场设计的灵活性。该基准流场通过锥形"下凹"弯曲激波和波后等熵压缩波系压缩气流,可以在较短的长度内完成高效压缩。基于反正切马赫数分布外锥形基准流场设计的乘波前体具有较高的容积率,乘波特性良好且出口均匀,设计点时有黏升阻比为1.89。另外,基于该乘波前体和马赫数分布可控的内收缩进气道给出了一种双乘波的前体与进气道一体化设计方案,实现了内外流分别独立乘波,充分发挥了乘波前体和内收缩进气道的各自优势。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.