基于极点配置的空间站角动量管理

针对惯性系下引力梯度力矩及其他干扰力矩引起控制力矩陀螺（CMG）角动量积累的问题,采用引力梯度力矩来平衡姿态,设计了基于极点配置的空间站角动量管理控制器。首先在惯性系下建立了空间站线性化模型,并分析了俯仰轴方向在惯性系角动量管理的不可行性。由此,将俯仰轴与滚动/偏航轴解耦,不约束俯仰轴方向的CMG角动量,将常值、1倍和2倍于轨道频率的扰动纳入状态方程以抑制其对俯仰轴姿态的影响。在滚动/偏航轴方向将常值扰动纳入状态方程中以抑制其对CMG角动量的影响;将1倍、2倍于轨道频率的扰动纳入到状态方程中以抑制其对姿态的影响。然后采用带极点配置的线性二次型（LQR）算法求解出反馈增益矩阵,该算法可以避免选取权重矩阵,并且根据系统性能要求即能将闭环极点配置到复平面虚轴左侧指定的区域。最后仿真结果验证了该算法的可行性。      

空间站组合体惯性系内角动量管理控制

针对惯性系内重力梯度力矩与气动力矩的常值部分积累引起控制力矩陀螺饱和的问题,在惯性系内建立空间站的动力学模型并进行线性化,利用滤波变量将系统状态方程扩维,采用LQR方法设计系统反馈控制增益矩阵,实现空间站在惯性系内的角动量管理控制.惯性系内重力梯度力矩、气动力矩由轨道角速度整数倍的频率成份构成,可以根据实际情况增加抑制不同频率成份的滤波变量,用于抑制不同频率成份干扰力矩对空间站姿态或控制力矩陀螺角动量的干扰,从而使空间站长期在惯性系内飞行而不需要进行角动量的卸载.仿真验证了控制器的性能.     

基于偏置角动量的欠驱动航天器姿态保持控制

对有扰情况下欠驱动航天器三轴姿态保持控制问题进行了研究,提出一种基于俯仰偏置动量轮和滚动轴推力器的姿态保持控制方法。该方法基于偏置动量航天器滚动-俯仰轴耦合的原理实现,避免了欠驱动零动量航天器平衡点附近欠驱动轴耦合弱的问题;将航天器的姿态运动分为长周期运动和短周期运动,用极点配置方法进行控制律设计,给出保证系统稳定的参数选取范围,求出了系统稳态误差。最后,通过数值仿真验证了所设计的控制器不但能快速消除初始姿态偏差,而且能抵抗外干扰将航天器姿态保持在平衡点附近。     

基于特征结构配置的导弹可重构控制器设计

针对简化后的导弹姿态控制系统,运用特征结构配置法,提出了一种改进的控制系统的重构方法.根据输出反馈特征值配置原理,给出了原闭环系统特征结构的确定方法,并对可重构控制器的代价函数的确定方法进行了改进.这种算法通过输出反馈可以确保闭环系统的稳定性,同时可以解决故障前后系统阶数不一致的问题.仿真结果表明,该方法能够在保证故障后闭环系统稳定的基础上使系统性能得到最大可能的恢复.      

基于LMI的模糊飞控系统设计

建立了飞控系统的模糊模型,通过采用线性矩阵不等式LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality)得到了一种既可保证模糊系统全局渐近稳定又能将闭环极点配置在期望区域的模糊控制系统的设计方法.对用该方法设计的纵向模糊飞控系统进行了仿真和鲁棒性验证.仿真结果表明所设计系统满足既定的性能指标要求且具有较好的鲁棒性.      

含有多级驱动机构卫星的多变量频域稳定性分析方法

摘要： 针对含有多级驱动机构卫星的多级复合控制系统,提出一种多变量频域稳定性分析方法.首先,基于小量假设建立含有多级驱动机构卫星一体化线性模型,针对星体和载荷姿态设计单通道输出线性反馈控制器,采用传递函数矩阵的矩阵分式描述,进行多项式矩阵变换得到多通道闭环系统极点分布规律,确定闭环系统多变量频域输入输出稳定性条件.算例和仿真结果表明,该方法能够验证含有多级驱动机构卫星闭环系统稳定性,并为控制器参数设计提供了有效工具.     

充液航天器大角度机动自适应无源控制

研究了基于自适应无源控制的三轴稳定充液航天器大角度姿态机动问题.将液体晃动等效为黏性球摆模型，利用动量矩守恒定理推导出充液航天器耦合动力学方程.针对陀螺故障及无陀螺配置导致航天器姿态无角速度测量的情况，同时考虑存在外部未知干扰、转动惯量不确定性以及液体晃动位移不可测量的特性，设计自适应输出反馈无源控制，其中自适应更新律用于补偿外部未知干扰和估计液体晃动的位移变量.利用Lyapunov方法和LaSalle不变引理，证明该控制律不但可以保证闭环系统渐进稳定，而且可以保证二个期望平衡位置均达到稳定.仿真结果验证了本文控制方法的有效性.      

双星跟飞立体成像的构形保持控制

针对强干扰及输出饱和条件下微小双星立体成像的构形保持问题,提出一种基于观测器的抗干扰复合控制策略.根据立体成像双星跟飞运动机理,建立双星相对运动动力学模型;设计了一种自适应干扰观测器,可同时实现系统状态和干扰信息的在线估计,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式技术给出观测器存在条件.采用极点配置方法改善观测器系统的动态性能,引入指数衰减因子提高控制器的收敛速度.考虑执行机构的输出饱和特性,提出一种加权PD+LQR反馈与干扰前馈补偿的复合控制策略,能够抑制未知干扰的影响,保证系统的动态和稳态性能,具备双星构形保持控制能力.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.      

基于极点配置的真空热试验温度轨迹自适应补偿控制

为了在航天器真空热试验中对试件温度按指定轨迹精确控制,通过变量代换对真空冷背景环境下的对象模型进行稳态线性化近似处理;通过系统辨识技术对广义对象的时滞和模型参数进行了联合辨识;依据对象估计模型,按照极点配置方法设计了自适应控制律,使闭环系统具有期望的闭环稳定性;根据估计模型的延迟和闭环期望特性设计了自适应补偿器,从而提高了控制系统对给定输入的跟踪性能.运用该方法在模拟太阳翼的温度轨迹跟踪试验中取得了满意的控制效果.     

基于终端滑模和神经网络的多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制

研究了航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪的鲁棒控制问题.主航天器由中心刚体和一个快速机动天线组成,星载相机跟踪某一特定目标,同时天线与从航天器保持通信.在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰情况下,基于非奇异终端滑模技术和RBF神经网络,设计了多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器.鲁棒控制器由RBF神经网络和一个自适应控制器组成.自适应控制器用于抵消神经网络的逼近误差和实现期望的控制性能. RBF神经网络用于逼近模型不确定部分与外部干扰力矩,并且根据非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛属性,提出了一种RBF网络的在线学习算法,提高了RBF网络的逼近效率.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了闭环系统稳定性.数值仿真结果表明所设计的控制器对外部干扰与模型不确定具有良好的鲁棒性.     

Multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning of spacecraft using GPS L1/Galileo E1 signals

GNSS-based precise relative positioning between spacecraft normally requires dual frequency observations, whereas attitude determination of the spacecraft, mainly due to the stronger model given by the a priori knowledge of the length and geometry of the baselines, can be performed precisely using only single frequency observations. When the Galileo signals will come available, the number of observations at the L1 frequency will increase as we will have a GPS and Galileo multi-constellation. Moreover the L1 observations of the Galileo system and modernized GPS are more precise than legacy GPS and this, combined with the increased number of observations, will result in a stronger model for single frequency relative positioning. In this contribution we will develop an even stronger model by combining the attitude determination problem with relative positioning. The attitude determination problem will be solved by the recently developed Multivariate Constrained (MC-) LAMBDA method. We will do this for each spacecraft and use the outcome for an ambiguity constrained solution on the baseline between the spacecraft. In this way the solution for the unconstrained baseline is bootstrapped from the MC-LAMBDA solutions of each spacecraft in what is called: multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning. The developed approach will be compared in simulations with relative positioning using a single antenna at each spacecraft (standard LAMBDA) and a vectorial bootstrapping approach. In the simulations we will analyze single epoch, single frequency success rates as the most challenging application. The difference in performance for the approaches for single epoch solutions, is a good indication of the strength of the underlying models. As the multivariate bootstrapping approach has a stronger model by applying information on the geometry of the constrained baselines, for applications with large observation noise and limited number of observations this will result in a better performance compared to the vectorial bootstrapping approach. Compared with standard LAMBDA, it can reach a 59% higher success rate for ambiguity resolution. The higher success rate on the unconstrained baseline between the platforms comes without extra computational load as the constrained baseline(s) problem has to be solved for attitude determination and this information can be applied for relative positioning.     

基于反馈摄动的航天器姿态正规矩阵控制

研究三轴稳定的挠性航天器姿态的鲁棒控制问题．由混合坐标方程导出姿态动力学逆传递函数矩阵,并分析其正规性．基于正规性分析结果,使用系统不确定性反馈摄动描述对姿态控制系统的正规矩阵设计方法进行研究．研究结果表明,逆传递函数矩阵可视为正规矩阵,且动力学参数的摄动不影响其正规性．利用这一特性,提出一种适用于航天器姿态控制的正规矩阵设计方法．在该方法中,航天器姿态的鲁棒控制可以通过增加参数约束达成对三轴姿态的独立控制,从而提高设计的可继承性．计算机仿真验证了该设计方法的有效性．     

Particle filter-based real-time phase line bias estimation for GNSS-based attitude determination with common-clock receivers

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based attitude determination has been widely adopted in a wide variety of terrestrial, sea, air, and space applications. Recently, the emergence of commercial multi-GNSS common-clock receivers has brought new opportunities for high-precision GNSS-based attitude determination with single-differenced (SD) model. However, the key requirement of using this approach is the accurate estimation of the troublesome line bias (LB) in real-time. In this contribution, we propose a particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation approach that apply to SD model with single-system single-frequency observations from common-clock receiver. We first analyzed the relationship between the integer ambiguity ratio value and the phase LB. It is proved that the accuracy of a given phase LB value can be qualified by the related ambiguity resolution ratio value, and the normalized ratio value can therefore be used to represent the likelihood function of observations. Then, we presented the particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation procedure, and assessed its performance using GPS L1/BDS B1I observations from two datasets collected with different types of common-clock receivers in terms of the accuracy and convergence time of phase LB estimation, the computation load, and the positioning and attitude determination accuracy with respect to the double-differenced (DD) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase LB could be accurately estimated with short convergence time (generally within 15 epochs). Moreover, compared with the classical DD approach, the particle filter-based SD approach delivers comparable positioning root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the North and East components but significantly smaller RMS errors in the Up component. Accordingly, the achievable yaw accuracy is comparable whereas the pitch accuracy is remarkably improved. The improvements of positioning accuracy in the Up component and pitch accuracy are approximately 35.7 % to 63.7 %, and 33.3 % to 63.1 %, respectively. Additionally, the single-epoch computation time with our particle filter-based SD approach is generally 0.08 s, which is obviously larger than the DD approach but could still meet the requirements of real-time applications below 10 Hz sampling.     

基于逆动力学和重心估计的飞行控制系统设计

飞机飞行中重心的变化直接影响飞机本身的控制特性,使得控制系统设计更为复杂.提出了一种基于逆动力学和重心估计的飞行控制方法,首先建立了考虑重心偏移的飞机六自由度动力学模型,由此模型推导得到了其逆特性的解析形式,并采用基于重量分布的重心估计系统在线提供重心信息.仿真结果表明,该方法有效地利用了重心在线估计信息,能适应飞机在不同重心时运动特性的变化,具有良好的控制效果,且设计过程简洁,易于实现.     

Mission planning optimization of video satellite for ground multi-object staring imaging

This study investigates the emergency scheduling problem of ground multi-object staring imaging for a single video satellite. In the proposed mission scenario, the ground objects require a specified duration of staring imaging by the video satellite. The planning horizon is not long, i.e., it is usually shorter than one orbit period. A binary decision variable and the imaging order are used as the design variables, and the total observation revenue combined with the influence of the total attitude maneuvering time is regarded as the optimization objective. Based on the constraints of the observation time windows, satellite attitude adjustment time, and satellite maneuverability, a constraint satisfaction mission planning model is established for ground object staring imaging by a single video satellite. Further, a modified ant colony optimization algorithm with tabu lists (Tabu-ACO) is designed to solve this problem. The proposed algorithm can fully exploit the intelligence and local search ability of ACO. Based on full consideration of the mission characteristics, the design of the tabu lists can reduce the search range of ACO and improve the algorithm efficiency significantly. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of optimization performance, and it can obtain satisfactory scheduling results for the mission planning problem.     

高超声速飞行器全局有限时间姿态控制方法

以高超声速飞行器6自由度模型为研究对象,设计了一种基于终端滑模的全局有限时间姿态控制方法。在控制器设计中,通过动态逆实现对俯仰、偏航和滚转通道的解耦处理。在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰的情况下,终端滑模变结构控制方法用于保证系统的鲁棒性。同时,通过改进指数趋近律,实现闭环系统在滑模面趋近阶段和沿滑模面滑动阶段均是有限时间收敛的。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,控制器的全局有限时间收敛特性得到证明。仿真实验结果验证了高超声速飞行器全局有限时间姿态控制方法的有效性。      

基于精密时间的星敏感器绝对姿态基准的建立

根据星敏感器外场试验的实际需要,提出一种用于建立星敏感器参考姿态基准的方法.介绍星敏感器参考姿态基准建立的基本原理;分别求取从赤道惯性坐标系i系到地球坐标系w系的转换矩阵Cw1（依靠原子钟精密计时）、从w系到地理坐标系t系的转换矩阵Ctw、从t系到平台坐标系p系的转换矩阵Cpt,从p系到星敏感器坐标系s系的转换矩阵Csp,从而得到i系到s系的转化矩阵Cs1;根据Csi求取星敏感器的姿态角,作为参考姿态基准;编制求解星敏感器参考姿态基准的电算化程序,并绘制星敏感器3个姿态角的误差曲线,最大误差小于0.25″.仿真结果表明,通过精密时间得到的姿态可以作为星敏感器外场试验的参考姿态基准.     

使用三天线的联合定姿和欺骗检测方法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）的安全性已经引发了广泛关注。使用多天线的欺骗检测方法由于其独一无二的空间特性,已成为当前最有效的欺骗检测方法之一。提出一种使用三天线的联合定姿和欺骗检测方法,能够在确定天线载体姿态的同时检测出欺骗信号的存在。针对直接定姿法受限于基线向量精度的问题,使用长度约束的基线向量估计方法以获得高精度定姿结果。在姿态信息已知的前提下,根据星历信息、姿态变换矩阵及天线的几何关系可以获得载波相位单差的期望值。使用误差平方和（SSE）来评估载波相位单差观测值和期望值之间的偏差,并构建了欺骗信号的二元检验。结果表明：在无欺骗的情形下,所提方法能降低定姿的标准差76.1%以上;在有欺骗的情形,所提方法能够实现100%检测率,并降低定姿的标准差77.3%以上。     

帆板驱动时的卫星姿态前馈补偿控制

研究帆板驱动影响下的卫星姿态控制问题.帆板驱动时存在转速波动,从而影响卫星姿态.在已有帆板驱动模型的基础上,分析帆板转速特性,通过对帆板转速的离线拟合和在线估计,结合卫星姿态动力学模型,设计了卫星姿态的一般前馈补偿和自适应前馈补偿控制器.数学仿真结果表明,两种前馈补偿控制均能有效克服由帆板驱动不平稳而造成的对星体干扰,实现卫星姿态高精度控制.     

Inverse free steering law for small satellite attitude control and power tracking with VSCMGs

Recent developments in integrated power and attitude control systems (IPACSs) for small satellite, has opened a new dimension to more complex and demanding space missions. This paper presents a new inverse free steering approach for integrated power and attitude control systems using variable-speed single gimbal control moment gyroscope. The proposed inverse free steering law computes the VSCMG steering commands (gimbal rates and wheel accelerations) such that error signal (difference in command and output) in feedback loop is driven to zero. H_∞ norm optimization approach is employed to synthesize the static matrix elements of steering law for a static state of VSCMG. Later these matrix elements are suitably made dynamic in order for the adaptation. In order to improve the performance of proposed steering law while passing through a singular state of CMG cluster (no torque output), the matrix element of steering law is suitably modified. Therefore, this steering law is capable of escaping internal singularities and using the full momentum capacity of CMG cluster. Finally, two numerical examples for a satellite in a low earth orbit are simulated to test the proposed steering law.