直升机机身外形对气动特性的影响

基于FLUENT流体力学软件,进行了直升机机身流场的数值模拟和分析。描述了网格生成方法,给出了计算迭代步骤和流程图。针对ROBIN机身绕流场进行了计算,并与可得到的实验结果进行了对比,验证了计算结果的可靠性。在此基础上,以NUAA模型机身为算例,改变机身尾部、截面和头部形状对其流场进行了对比计算,给出了表面压强系数分布、机身阻力等计算结果,讨论了直升机机身外形参数对气动特性的影响,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

扰流板式畸变模拟装置的数值计算及人工神经网络建模

数值计算了用于某型空中试车台吊舱的扰流板式畸变模拟装置,应用总压恢复系数、周向畸变指数评价了该装置的畸变效果并与试验数据进行了对比分析,为后续发动机在空台上确定临界畸变指数及敏感系数提供了可用量值的参考.根据部分计算数据,建立了该扰流板式畸变模拟装置的人工神经网络模型,并预估了12个状态的畸变模拟效果,验证了该人工神经网络模型的有效性,为减少试验点数节省试验经费提供了有效的途径.     

新型弹簧限位夹紧刀杆与外锥面锪孔钻的应用

新型弹簧限位夹紧刀杆设计结构的应用有效解决了难加工材料薄壁结构零件切削加工变形难题,同时为同类型结构零件在加工过程中的刀具设计提供了可行的借鉴,该结构利用可换外锥面锪孔钻头,可节约大量高速钢刀具材料,降低刀具的制造和使用夹具费用,此项目研究成功,为公司节省了大量外购刀具费用,提高了生产效率,降低了成本,赢得了客户满意。同时沉积了设计结构与经验,为同类产品的国产化、系列化奠定了坚实的基础。     

ICP-AES法测定纯铜中的Bi,Sb,As,Fe,Ni,Pb,Sn,Zn,Ag的方法

研究了ICP-AES法测定纯铜中的Bi,Sb,As,Fe,Ni,Pb,Sn,Zn和Ag等9个元素的分析方法.进行了基体元素铜对9个分析元素的光谱干扰研究,选择了合适的分析谱线,同时测定了分析方法的检出限.     

基于触发角定时控制的异步电机软起动控制器设计

针对起重设备专用三相异步电机的直接起动问题,分析了异步电机的T型等效电路,阐述了晶闸管调压电路的工作原理,提出了一种基于触发角定时控制的异步电机软起动方法。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了相应的系统仿真模型,进行了提出方法的仿真分析,验证了所提方法的正确性。最后,基于单片机设计了相应的软起动器的软硬件,进行了试验测试。结果表明提出的方法可以有效地实现三相异步电机的平滑起动,起动电流较小,有效地减少了起动过程对电机和电网的影响。     

基于FPGA和DSP的光电吊舱控制系统设计与实现

本文介绍了机载两框架两轴光电吊舱的工作原理,并设计了一种基于FPGA和DSP的光电吊舱控制系统,充分利用了FPGA和DSP的各自优势,提高了系统的响应速度。详细描述了控制系统硬件电路的功能划分和实现过程。提出了控制回路设计方案,并通过实验验证了控制系统的性能,在两框架两轴光电吊舱上实现了较高的光轴稳定精度     

基于 FNN 机器人擦洗玻璃的力/位并环控制

对机器人的力反馈、主动柔顺控制和模糊神经网络进行了综合研究,提出了力/位并环控制策略,建立了相应的模糊神经网络结构,实施了力/位并环控制算法,在AdeptThree精密装配机器人进行了试验,取得了满意的效果。     

带有查找表的混沌变异小生境遗传算法的景象匹配

针对常规遗传算法容易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢的缺陷,提出了带有查找表的混沌变异小生境遗传算法,并将其应用于景象匹配。实验表明,该算法既较好的解决了匹配运算量大的问题,大幅提高了景象匹配的速度,又克服了常规遗传算法的缺陷,提高了局部寻优能力,保持了很好的匹配精度。     

航天器电缆网快速协同设计方法及关键技术

以航天器电缆网传统研制模式的局限性为出发点,提出了电缆网全息模型的概念及其通用模型体系,实现了包含全要素设计信息的完整产品数字化定义;基于先"修路"后布线的设计理念,系统地提出了导航式电缆网快速协同设计方法及其相关算法,建立了航天器整器级统一的电缆网络通道"地图",有效增强了电缆网的顶层设计,减少了每束电缆并行设计时路径统筹规划不够和走向不优化的问题;构建了电缆网机电一体化协同模式和面向研制全周期的一体化业务流程,建立了跨型号跨专业的通用模型库、参数库、算法与规则库,完善了电缆网系统级设计和底层数据模型,实现了不同专业间的并行协同;开发了导航式电缆网快速协同设计系统,实现了基于参数驱动的复杂电缆网快速三维布线,提升了设计效率效益,并在以空间站为代表的载人航天型号中开展了应用,为复杂电缆网的研制提供了一种有效方法和手段。     

涂覆焊技术在航空发动机受感部 安装中的应用研究

为满足发动机测试技术发展的需求,解决发动机测试改装和安装带来的流场扰动问题,分析了设备参数对涂覆焊效果的影响,开展了涂覆焊技术的应用研究,获取了可靠的测试数据,从而实现了发动机测试受感部的埋设式安装,避免了测试对发动机气动性能的影响,保证了发动机结构的气密性,保障了后续试验试车的效果和发动机的安全性。     

基于电解扫掠成形原理的整体叶盘叶根加工方法

采用片状或管状阴极电解加工(ECM)后的整体叶盘由于加工运动、阴极形状等原因在叶根处会形成一定的加工残留,影响整体叶盘的加工精度。针对叶片电解加工后形成的叶根残留,开展去除叶根残留电解加工方法的研究,解决叶根电解加工的阴极结构、加工路径设计等难题。首先,分析了叶根的残留分布情况以及叶间通道的结构,采用了电解扫掠成形加工方案。其次,设计了阴极结构与加工路径,在阴极结构上采用了扇形流道并分析了电解液流速分布,通过增加引流槽、改变倾角等措施改善了流场;对阴极的运动路径进行了规划,利用专用仿真软件对阴极运动干涉与加工程序进行了检验;通过附加叶盘转动补偿了由于不同截面内叶间通道宽度与阴极刃口尺寸不一致给加工带来的不足。最后,制作了电解加工装置并通过试验对叶根电解加工方法进行了验证。试验结果表明,该加工方法有效去除了叶根残留,加工表面质量好,加工精度达到了要求。     

Electrochemical machining of complex components of aero-engines: Developments,trends, and technological advances

Because of several advantages, such as no tool wear, independence on the mechanical properties of the material, and high machining efficiency, electrochemical machining (ECM) has become a viable method for machining components in numerous industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of typical aero-engine components with complex structures fabricated from materials that are difficult to cut. This paper highlights the current developments, new trends, and technological advances of key factors of ECM, such as electrochemical dissolution characteristics of novel difficult to cut materials which are often used in aero-engine, numerical simulation of electrochemical process, design for the complex profile and structure of cathode tool, flow field simulation and design for uniform electrolyte flow, and innovation of electrochemical machining or hybrid methods which reflect the state of the art in academic and industrial research on electrochemical machining in aero-engine manufacturing.     

薄型中空电极振动电解切割TB6钛合金

TB6钛合金由于具有优越的性能,广泛地用于航空航天领域。然而从大余量的TB6钛合金锻铸件毛坯加工成复杂结构的零件,其加工效率低,刀具和机床成本高,造成了极大的浪费。为解决这一问题,提出了一种利用薄型中空电极进行快速大余量去除的电解加工(ECM)方法,即将零件与多余材料切割分离,有望较大程度提高加工效率,降低加工成本。为改善电解加工流场特性,提高加工精度,对电极施加振动,并对薄型中空电极的振动切割进行了建模分析和试验研究。试验结果表明,合适的振动幅值和频率(A=0.05mm,f=50Hz)可以使得各处电解液电导率趋于一致,从而提高加工的精度、稳定性和效率。复杂结构件的成功切割证明了薄型中空电极振动电解切割加工技术具有一定的适用性。     

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

Investigation of anode shaping process during co-rotating electrochemical machining of convex structure on inner surface

A novel co-rotating electrochemical machining method is proposed for fabricating convex structures on the inner surface of a revolving part. The electrodes motion and material removal method of co-rotating electrochemical machining are different from traditional electrochemical machining. An equivalent kinematic model is established to analyze the novel electrodes motion,since the anode and cathode rotate in the same direction while the cathode simultaneously feeds along the line of centres. Acc...     

叶片型面精密振动电解加工工艺研究

采用电解加工工艺对叶片型面进行加工,可以有效提高发动机叶片加工效率,降低生产成本。针对GH4169G合金叶片型面,开展了精密振动电解加工试验研究。结果表明:高频脉冲电流和阴极机械振动具有改善极间流场特性、降低阳极钝化和阴极的产物吸附的作用,可以大幅改善加工效果;采用参数组加工电压15V、阴极振动频率25Hz、开通角度Ra 150°~195°、脉冲频率3000Hz时,获得最优的型面加工质量,型面轮廓度为-0.012~+0.013mm,表面粗糙度值为0.51μm,证明精密振动电解加工工艺满足叶片型面的加工要求。     

Electrochemical trepanning with uniform electrolyte flow around the entire blade profile

In the traditional machining process for diffusers, blades are easily deformed, and methods suffer from high tool wear and low efficiency. Electrochemical machining(ECM) possesses unique advantages when applied to these difficult-to-machine materials. In the ECM process, theflow field plays a crucial role. Here, an electrolyte flow mode that supplies uniform flow around the entire blade profile was adopted for electrochemical trepanning of diffusers. Various flow rates were employed to obtain the optimal flow field. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS software, and results indicated that increasing the flow rate substantially afforded a more uniform flowfield. A series of experiments was then performed, and results revealed that increasing the flow rate greatly improved both the machining efficiency and the surface quality of the diffusers. The maximum feeding rate of the cathode reached 4 mm/min, the blade taper of the concave part decreased to 0.02, and the blade roughness was reduced to 1.216 lm. The results of this study demonstrated the high feasibility of this method and its potential for machining other complex components for engineering applications.     

Cathode design investigation based on iterative correction of predicted profile errors in electrochemical machining of compressor blades

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an effective and economical manufacturing method for machining hard-to-cut metal materials that are often used in the aerospace field. Cathode design is very complicated in ECM and is a core problem influencing machining accuracy, especially for complex profiles such as compressor blades in aero engines. A new cathode design method based on iterative correction of predicted profile errors in blade ECM is proposed in this paper. A math-ematical model is first built according to the ECM shaping law, and a simulation is then carried out using ANSYS software. A dynamic forming process is obtained and machining gap distributions at different stages are analyzed. Additionally, the simulation deviation between the prediction profile and model is improved by the new method through correcting the initial cathode profile. Further-more, validation experiments are conducted using cathodes designed before and after the simulation correction. Machining accuracy for the optimal cathode is improved markedly compared with that for the initial cathode. The experimental results illustrate the suitability of the new method and that it can also be applied to other complex engine components such as diffusers.     

Simulation and experimental investigation on a dynamic lateral flow mode in trepanning electrochemical machining

An appropriate flow mode of electrolyte has a positive effect on process efficiency, surface roughness, and machining accuracy in the electrochemical machining(ECM) process. In this study, a new dynamic lateral flow mode, in which the electrolyte flows from the leading edge to the trailing edge, was proposed in trepanning ECM of a diffuser. Then a numerical model of the channel was set up and simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The result showed that the distribution of the flow field was comparatively uniform in the inter-electrode gap. Furthermore, a fixture was designed to realize this new flow mode and then corresponding experiments were carried out. The experimental results illustrated that the feeding rate of the cathode reached 2 mm/min, the best taper angle was about 0.4°, and the best surface roughness was up to Ra= 0.115 lm. It reflects that this flow mode is suitable and effective, and can also be applied to machining other complex structures in trepanning ECM.     

Evolution of convex structure during counter-rotating electrochemical machining based on kinematic modeling

Counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) is a novel electrochemical machining (ECM) method, which can be used to machine convex structures with complex shapes on the outer surface of casings. In this study, the evolution of the convex structure during CRECM is studied. The complex motion form of CRECM is replaced by an equivalent kinematic model, in which the movement of the cathode tool is realized by matrix equations. The trajectory of the cathode tool center satisfies the Archimedes spiral equation, and the feed depth in adjacent cycles is a constant. The simulation results show that the variations of five quality indexes for the convex structure: as machining time increases, the height increases linearly, and the width reduces linearly, the fillets at the top and root fit the rational function, and the inclination angle of the convex satisfies the exponential function. The current density distributions with different rotation angles is investigated. Owing to the differential distribution of current density on workpiece surface, the convex is manufactured with the cathode window transferring into and out of the processing area. Experimental results agree very well with the simulation, which indicates that the proposed model is effective for prediction the evolution of the convex structure in CRECM.