SiCp／2024,SiCw／2024复合材料加工表面质量及刀具磨损的研究

通过对ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４，ＳｉＣｗ／２０２４复合材料进行车削试验，分析了刀具材料，ＳｉＣ晶须或颗粒含量对刀具磨损和加工表面质量的影响。从而得出Ｋ１０类硬质合金刀具可用于此类材料的粗，半精加工，而精密加工必须采用ＰＤＣ刀具的结论。另外不还分析了ＳｉＣ晶须和颗粒的破坏形态并给出其破坏模型。     

界面状况对SiCp／Al复合材料断裂特征影响的初探

采用带拉伸实验台的扫描电子显微镜对粉末冶金法制备的ＳｉＣＰ／７０７５Ａｌ复合材料进行了动态原位观察和拉伸断口分析，并利用透射电子显微镜对ＳｉＣＰ／Ａｌ复合材料的界面状况进行了初步探索。结果表明，界面结合状态直接影响复合材料的断裂特征。     

三维C／SiC／Al混杂基体复合材料的制备

本文研究了一种制备三维Ｃ／ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ混杂基体复合材料的工艺方法，这种复合材料是在三维编织和四向机织的碳纤维预成件中采用有机聚合和物先驱体浸渍／裂解法制备三维Ｃ／ＳｉＣ多孔基体复合材料，然后采用挤压铸造法与铝合金复合得到。对三维Ｃ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料的致密化过程进行了表征并观察了最终得到三维Ｃ／ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ金属－陶瓷混杂基体复合材料的显微结构，结果表明，混杂基体在纤维编织体中分布较均匀，说明这种     

SiC晶须增强铝复合材料SiCW／Al的钻削加工

通过对ＳｉＣＷ／ＬＤ２零件的加工实践并参照有关资料，论述了ＳｉＣＷ／Ａｌ复合材料钻孔的特点及基本规律，并认为用Ｋ类硬质合金钻头加工该材料较为合适。     

SiCw／Al复合材料时效行为的研究

研究了６０６１Ａｌ合金和ＳｉＣＷ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料在１７０℃、１９０℃和２２０℃三种温度下的时效析出行为，分析了峰时效温度对６０６１Ａｌ合金和ＳｉＣＷ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明，６０６１Ａｌ合金弹性模量不随峰时效温度的提高而发生变化，屈服强度和抗拉强度随峰时效温度的提高而略有下降；ＳｉＣＷ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料的弹性模量则随峰时效温度的提高而略有下降，ＳｉＣＷ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料屈服强度和抗拉强度随峰时效温度的提高而明显降低。     

冷热循环对SiCp／Al复合材料微屈服行为的影响

采用微屈服强度测试、透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜分析，对经过不同冷热循环工艺处理后的ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１复合材料的微屈服行为进行了研究。结果发现，冷热循环次数虽然对ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１复合材料微屈服行为的宏观规律没有本质的影响，但是仍然影响着ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１复合材料的微屈服行为。研究还发现，冷热循环次数影响ＳｉＣｐ／６０６１复合材料微屈服行为的主要原因是其位错组态和残余应力在不同的循环次数下有明显的不同。     

SiCw／Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr复合材料的微观组织和性能

研究了挤压铸造法制备的ＳｉＣ＿ｗ／Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－Ｚｒ复合材料微观组织和性能。结果表明，ＳｉＣ晶粒均匀分布于基体中，复合材料中主要沉淀强化相为δ＇相、Ｓ＇相和δ＇相，ＳｉＣ＿ｗ与基体铝之间无明显的界面反应，界面附近存在δ＇相的无沉淀析出带（ＰＦＺ）。复合材料具有较高的室温强度和弹性模量，且密度低，热膨胀系数小。     

SiC晶须增强铝复合材料的切削力研究

通过ＳｉＣｗ／２０２４铝复合材料的车削试验，得出了不同刀具材料，不同切削用量对切削力的影响规律，并指出用ＰＤＣ切削力最小。     

陶瓷基复合材料在喷管上的应用

综述了国外Ｃ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料在火箭发动机喷管上的应用现状,重点介绍了法国ＳＥＰ生产Ｃ／ＳｉＣ复合材料喷管扩张段的成型技术以及连接与机加、材料性能等。最后对Ｃ／ＳｉＣ复合材料在固体火箭发动机上的应用前景进行了展望。     

SiCp／Al复合材料微蠕变行为及其影响因素分析

 通过对碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料（ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ）微蠕变性能的测试及微观组织分析,研究了ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ复合材料微蠕变变形规律及机理。结果表明,ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ复合材料微蠕变变形行为可分为二个阶段：第一阶段是可动位错的耗尽阶段；第二阶段位错全面开动、增殖是引起材料微蠕变的主要原因。材料内的增强体颗粒、析出相可有效的提高材料的微蠕变抗力。     

PCD刀具车削不同颗粒含量SiCp/Al复合材料试验研究

碳化硅铝基复合材料具有优良的导热性、较高的比强度和比刚度,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。由于此复合材料中含有增强相,导致材料的切削加工性能变差。通过试验分析了不同颗粒体积分数(纳米级5%、微米级25%)SiCp/Al复合材料和切削参数(切削速度、背吃刀量、进给量)对刀具磨损和工件表面质量的影响,并对刀具磨损机理进行了研究。试验结果表明,车削微米级25%SiCp/Al材料时聚晶金刚石PCD(Polycrystalline Diamond)刀具磨损更严重,且工件表面质量更差。随着进给量和背吃刀量的增大,工件表面粗糙度值增大,刀片前刀面磨损严重;随着切削速度的增大,工件表面粗糙度值减小,刀片前刀面磨损量增大。选取本文切削参数进行SiCp/Al复合材料的切削加工时,发现刀具磨粒磨损、微崩刃是PCD刀具后刀面磨损的主要成因,且刀具前刀面也会产生积屑瘤。研究结果可为SiCp/Al复合材料PCD车削工艺的优化提供理论基础。     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

Effects of in-situ TiB2 particles on machinability and surface integrity in milling of TiB2/2024 and TiB2/7075 Al composites

In-situ ceramics particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are favored in the aerospace industry due to excellent properties. However, the hard ceramic particles as the reinforcement phase bring challenges to machining. To study the effect of in-situ TiB₂ particles on machinability and surface integrity of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite, milling experiments were performed, and compared with conventional 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys. In-situ TiB₂ particles clustered at the grain boundaries and dispersed inside the matrix alloy grains hinder the dislocation movement of the matrix alloy. Therefore, the milling force and temperature of the composites are higher than those of the aluminum alloys due to the increase of the strength and the decrease of the plasticity. In the milling of composites, abrasive wear is the main wear form of carbide tools, due to the scratching of hard nano-TiB₂ particles. The composites containing in-situ TiB₂ particles have machining defects such as smearing, micro-scratches, micro-pits and tail on the machined surface. However, in-situ TiB₂ particles impede the plastic deformation of the composites, which greatly reduces cutting edge marks on the machined surface. Therefore, under the same milling parameters, the surface roughness of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite is much less than that of 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy respectively. Under the milling conditions of this experiment, the machined subsurface has no metamorphic layer, and the microhardness of the machined surface is almost the same as that of the material. Besides, compared with 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy, machined surfaces of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite both show tensile residual stress or low magnitude of compressive residual stress.     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.     

Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism

Cutting tool condition directly affects machining quality and efficiency. In order to avoid severely worn tools used during machining process and fully release the remaining useful life in the meanwhile, a reliable evaluation method of remaining useful life of cutting tools is quite necessary. Due to the variation of cutting conditions, it is a challenge to predict remaining useful life of cutting tools by a unified model. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predicting the remaining useful life of cutting tools in variable cutting conditions based on Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism, where the predicted value at adjacent moments is constrained to a linear relationship by the covariance matrix of Gaussian model based on the assumption of progressive tool wear process, so the wear process under continuous changing conditions can be modelled. In addition to that, the input feature space and the output of the model are also enhanced by considering the tool wear mechanism for improving prediction accuracy. Machining experiments are performed to verify the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed could improve the prediction of tool remaining useful life significantly.     

SiCp/Al基复合材料的切削加工研究现状

综述了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的切削加工研究进展情况,重点阐述了刀具材料的主要失效形式及影响刀具磨损的因素,并展望了该领域的发展前景。     

Evaluation of tool wear and cutting performance considering effects of dynamic nodes movement based on FEM simulation

An accurate estimation of tool wear morphology can provide the opportunity to investigate the influence of tool wear on cutting performance as well as reduce the overall production cost. However, tool wear prediction is still a very challenging research issue. In this paper, a novel method for simulating the actual chip formation and wear evolution thorough the 3D finite element model has been carried out. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the influence of worn tool, stress and temperature distribution on wear rate are considered. Then cutting experiment has been conducted by turning AISI1045 with uncoated carbide tools to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. The comparison between experimental and simulation results show good agreement which proves the ability of the proposed model in forecasting the tool wear. The validated finite element model has been further utilized studying how the worn tool affects the cutting performance including actual cutting rake, stress distribution, cutting force and temperature. The results of this paper not only provide a clear understanding of wear evolution between tool rake face and chip, but also are meaningful to optimize tool design and cutting parameters.     

EMD和SVM在刀具故障诊断中的应用

与传统方法相比,声发射传感器在刀具故障诊断方面有很大的优势。将声发射传感器应用于刀具切削过程中,提出了基于经验模态分解（EMD）和支持向量机（SVM）的刀具故障诊断方法。该方法首先对标准化的声发射信号进行经验模态分解,将分解后的有限个固有模态函数（IMF）通过一定的削减算法增强故障类型特征,把每个IMF和残余项的能量以及整个信号的削减比作为特征向量,最后将特征向量输入支持向量机进行训练和测试,判断刀具的故障类型。通过对某一刀具的故障诊断结果进行分析,验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

微织构刀具切削钛合金的研究进展

针对钛合金切削加工过程中切削力大、切削温度高和刀具磨损严重等问题,近年学者们尝试采用微织构刀具来解决。本文综述了微织构刀具在钛合金切削加工中的应用,分析了微织构刀具在改善表面质量,降低切削力、刀具磨损、摩擦因数和切削温度等方面的切削机理,并指出微织构刀具切削钛合金存在的问题。     

纤维方向角对超低温冷却石英纤维复合材料铣削性能的影响

石英增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料是一种非均匀的各向异性材料,其加工性能高度依赖于纤维铺层方向与加工进给方向所成角度,即纤维方向角。本文通过一系列不同纤维方向角的干切削和超低温冷却铣削实验,研究了纤维方向角对表面形貌、表面粗糙度、铣削力及刀具磨损的影响。结果表明:不同纤维方向角,剪应力形式不同,切削断屑形式也不同。纤维方向角为锐角时铣削表面质量均良好,但当纤维方向角增大到90°时,切削表面质量下降,切削力变化幅度增大。相同铣削时间内,在干切削工况下,刀具磨损严重,涂层脱落面积约为测量面积的70%;而在低温切削工况下,涂层未遭到严重破坏,刀具仍处于稳定磨损阶段,刀具耐用度优于干切削工况。