PCD刀具车削钛基复合材料刀具磨损研究

使用PCD刀具对钛基复合材料进行切削速度单因素车削试验,研究了PCD刀具的磨损形态和磨损机理.结果表明:在15 ～ 60m/min范围内,随着切削速度的增大,切削力从473N逐渐减小到367N,切削温度从274℃逐渐升高到564℃;刀具切削路程随着切削速度的增大从390m先增大到702m然后减小至467m,在切削速度为45m/min时达到最大值;PCD刀具前刀面并未出现典型的月牙洼磨损,而是前后刀面同时磨损,后刀面均呈典型的带状磨损带,且前后刀面均有犁沟出现和钛合金粘结;刀具磨损的主要原因是磨粒磨损和粘结磨损,随着切削速度的增大,磨粒磨损减弱,粘结磨损增强.     

高体积分数SiC_p/Al复合材料精密车削加工工艺技术

针对高体积分数铝基碳化硅材料车削加工过程中出现的刀具磨损严重、寿命低、切削难度大、零件质量难以保证等问题,采用聚晶金刚石刀具(PCD刀具)对其进行精密车削工艺实验,并利用扫描电镜、粗糙度仪、圆度仪等设备对已加工表面和刀具磨损形态进行观察分析研究。研究表明:刀具材料、切削速度、切削深度和进给量是影响高体积分数SiC_p/Al复合材料加工质量的主要因素。当切削速度在25~40 m/min、切削深度在25~35μm和进给量为25μm/r的PCD车刀时,切削效果最佳,可以有效地提高加工效率,改善工件表面加工质量,得到表面粗糙度为0.58μm和圆柱度为0.91μm的加工表面。     

不同刀具车削加工高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂切削力研究

为探索高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的切削加工性能,对该类材料进行大直径薄壁回转类零件的车削加工。采用四种不同刀具进行实验研究,获得了不同切削参数及不同刀具材料对切削力的影响规律。试验结果表明:切削用量三要素中,切削深度对切削力的影响最大,其次是进给量,而切削速度的影响很小。当切削速度为119.32 mm/min、进给量为0.1 mm/r、背吃刀量为0.5 mm时,为最优切削参数。Ti-Al-Si-N纳米涂层硬质合金和超硬材料F2HX无涂层硬质合金刀具适合于低速加工,而PCD刀具则适合于高速加工。     

高硅氧玻璃纤维／酚醛树脂复合材料切削力的试验研究

通过用PCD刀具对高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的车削试验,采用正交试验和回归分析法,研究了切削用量三要素对切削力的影响规律,建立了切削力的经验模型.结果表明,背吃刀量是影响切削力的主要因素,增大背吃刀量时主切削力和进给力都显著增大;增大进给量也使主切削力增大,但其影响小于背吃刀量;而切削速度对切削力的影响很小.所建切削力经验公式可作为切削加工该复合材料时切削用量选择及切削力控制的依据.     

铣削加工参数对SiCp/Al复合材料表面粗糙度的影响

文摘SiC_p/Al复合材料在切削加工中存在严重的表面质量问题。本文设计单因素试验,采用硬质合金涂层刀具对SiC_p/Al复合材料进行铣削加工,研究了加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:表面粗糙度随切削速度的增大先增大后减小,随进给量、径向切深、轴向切深的增大而增大;使用较大的切削速度、较小的进给量和不大于4 mm的径向切深能获得较好的加工表面质量。     

SiC晶须增强铝基复合材料超精密切削试验研究

通过聚晶金刚石刀具对SiC晶须增强铝基复合材料SiCw/LD2的超精密切削试验,并用原子力显微镜AFM对加工表面的微观形貌进行检测分析证明:SiCw/Al铝基复合材料的加工表面粗糙度值可以达到超精密级Ra0.01μm,但比切铝基体材料的表面粗糙度值大一级,且粗糙度值随着切削速度的增加、进给量的减小而减小,而吃刀量的影响不大;晶须的破坏方式对加工表面粗糙度也有直接影响。     

镗削碳纤维复合材料时切削用量对切削力及孔出口撕裂的影响

采用PCD刀具对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)进行了镗削加工试验,分析了切削用量对切削力、孔出口撕裂因子(撕裂值与孔直径的比值)的影响规律.试验结果表明,三向切削力随背吃刀量、进给量、切削速率的增大而增大.经分析认为,切削速率的增大引起待加工材料的屈服应力增大.由于刀尖圆弧半径较大,试验中出现背向力大于主切削力的现象;撕裂因子与背吃刀量基本无关;进给量与撕裂因子呈线性正相关;当切削速率增大时撕裂因子呈减小趋势,并且减小到一定程度后基本不变;采用PCD刀具镗削加工该材料能够有效地减小孔出口撕裂程度.     

干式铣削Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金刀具磨损与表面粗糙度评价

本文以Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金为研究对象，采用单因素试验方法进行无涂层硬质合金刀具干式铣削试验，分析切削参数对刀具磨损和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：表面粗糙度受每齿进给量的影响最显著，随每齿进给量的增加而增加，当每齿进给量从0.07 mm/z增加到0.16 mm/z时，表面粗糙度增加2倍；刀具磨损受切削速度的影响最显著，随切削速度的增加而增加，当切削速度从140 m/min增加到260 m/min时，切削总长度降低3倍，而刀具后刀面磨损量仅是260 m/min速度下的0.8倍；表面粗糙度随刀具磨损的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，切削长度从350 mm增加到1 750 mm，刀具磨损量平均增加4.5倍，而表面粗糙度却下降2倍；硬质合金刀具主要的磨损形式为磨粒磨损、崩刃。     

刀具磨损形态对Ti6Al4V切削过程影响的有限元仿真研究

应用有限元仿真方法研究了不同刀具磨损形态对钛合金切削过程的影响规律。首先根据实际刀具磨损尺寸建立前刀面月牙洼磨损为主、后刀面磨损为主、前后刀面同时磨损以及刃口钝化4种磨损类型,然后应用AdvantEdge软件建立磨损后硬质合金刀具切削Ti6Al4V的仿真模型并对其进行有限元分析。结果表明:前刀面月牙洼增大时刀尖处温度减小;后刀面磨损增大时工件表层拉应力增大,次表层压应力减小;前、后刀面同时磨损时,随着磨损程度的增大,切屑曲率半径明显减小,切削力增幅相比单一磨损有所减小;刃口钝化对切削力影响最大,当钝圆半径接近进给量时,耕犁效应变得十分明显。     

激光辅助高速车削镍基合金GH4169表面质量研究

通过激光加热辅助车削镍基合金GH4169实验,研究激光功率、切削参数等对加工表面质量和切削过程中刀具磨损的影响。实验结果显示:与普通车削相比,激光辅助切削能够改善刀具后刀面磨损情况。激光辅助车削条件下,车削表面粗糙度优于普通切削,并在切削速度为166 m/min时获得最佳值0.467μm。在常规车削和激光辅助车削条件下,车削表面在进给方向上的残余应力均为拉应力,并且激光辅助车削表面产生的残余拉应力都高于常规车削,伴随着激光功率的增加,表面残余应力也逐渐增大。     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

三维编织碳纤维复合材料超声辅助车削可行性分析

根据三维编织碳纤维复合材料非均质性和各向异性的特点,将其车削加工表面分为四类典型表面.分别采用三种不同刀具对三维编织碳纤维复合材料进行了超声辅助车削和普通车削加工试验,分析了四类典型表面的粗糙度的变化规律,建立了三维编织碳纤维复合材料表面质量评价方案,并对超声辅助车削和普通车削加工过程中的切削力和刀具磨损进行了研究.结果表明,超声辅助车削加工三维编织碳纤维复合材料相对于普通车削,可以有效地提高工件表面质量,降低切削力,延长刀具寿命.     

Weakening of the anisotropy of surface roughness in ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon

Ultra-precision machining causes materials to undergo a greatly strained deformation process in a short period of time.The effect of shear strain rates on machining quality, in particular on surface anisotropy, is a topic deserving of research that has thus far been overlooked.This study analyzes the impact of the strain rate during the ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon on the anisotropy of surface roughness.Focusing on the establishment of cutting models considering the tool rake angle and the edge radius, this is the first research that takes into account the strain rate dislocation emission criteria in studying the effects of the edge radius, the cutting speed, and the cutting thickness on the plastic deformation of single-crystal silicon.The results of this study show that the uses of a smaller edge radius, faster cutting speeds, and a reduced cutting thickness can result in optimally uniform surface roughness, while the use of a very sharp cutting tool is essential when operating with smaller cutting thicknesses.A further finding is that insufficient plastic deformation is the major cause of increased surface roughness in the ultra-precision turning of brittle materials.On this basis, we propose that the capacity of single-crystal silicon to emit dislocations be improved as much as possible before brittle fracture occurs, thereby promoting plastic deformation and minimizing the anisotropy of surface roughness in the machined workpiece.     

SiC_p/Al复合材料高速铣削切削力模型建立

使用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具并采用正交试验设计法,对含不同体分比的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/2009Al)进行高速铣削试验。在测量切削力和切屑厚度的基础上,建立了剪切角、剪切应力和摩擦角的预测模型,并结合金属切削基本理论公式建立了切削力的预测模型。该模型包含铣削速度、每齿进给量、径向切宽、增强颗粒体分比等重要参数,模型对进给方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为5.9%,对铣刀径向切深方向最大铣削力预测值的平均误差为9.2%,皆高于普通经验公式的预测精度,从而可对SiCp/2009Al复合材料高速铣削时的铣削力进行有效预测。     

CFRP/TC4叠层板的钻削实验

采用硬质合金麻花钻对碳纤维复合材料-钛合金叠层板进行钻削试验,分析了钛合金层加工参数对刀具磨损的影响和刀具磨损机制。刀具磨损对孔入口处最大撕裂长度的影响。结果表明:磨损的主要区域是横刃和后刀面,前刀面磨损不明显。钛合金层的低转速和低进给量可以降低刀具磨损;此外随着钻孔数的增加,钛合金层转速越低、进给量越大碳纤维复合材料孔入口处孔质量更好。     

TC4钛合金侧铣加工表面形貌分析及工艺参数优化

TC4钛合金是 1种典型的不易加工材料,其切削加工表面质量很难控制。为实现面向侧铣加工表面形貌的切削工艺参数优选,开展了 TC4钛合金侧铣加工实验研究。首先,探究了加工表面微观缺陷特征及其形成机制;然后,采用粗糙度参数 Ra和 Sa对铣削表面形貌进行定量表征,并分析了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对表面粗糙度参数的影响;最后,基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对铣削工艺参数进行了优化。研究发现,加工表面微观缺陷主要有进给刀痕等固有缺陷和黏附颗粒等随机缺陷。铣削表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大先减小后增大;随径向切深的增大先增大后减小;随进给量先增大后减小。在主轴转速 n = 1 093 r/min、径向切深 ae = 0.2 mm、每转进给量 f = 0.06 mm/r的条件下可以获得较小的表面粗糙度。     

铣削参数对7055-T6铝合金耐腐蚀性的影响

文摘研究了铣削工艺参数对切削力、表面粗糙度、轮廓与形貌、自腐蚀电位和电流密度的影响。结果表明:随着切削速度的增大,切削力与表面粗糙度呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化规律;随着轴向切深的增加,切削力与表面粗糙度都呈增大的趋势;铣削后刀面对已加工表面的挤压改善了铝合金的腐蚀性能;切削转速为4 000 r/min,轴向切深为0.25 mm时,加工表面耐腐蚀性能最优;在较大的轴向切深下,已加工表面易产生微裂纹,而导致腐蚀加剧。