复合材料单排多钉接头疲劳损伤失效试验

针对T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板单排三钉双剪连接接头进行了静拉伸与拉-拉疲劳试验研究,考虑了三钉接头的三种几何尺寸及有无拧紧力矩两种工况对其力学性能的影响.为对比三钉与单钉螺栓接头的力学性能差异,对单钉螺栓接头也进行了试验.为了解层合板双剪接头螺栓孔随着载荷增加的变形情况,对螺栓孔的径向伸长变形进行了测量.结果表明:三钉接头的破坏形式与接头的尺寸密切相关;用单钉接头的力学性能来表征多钉接头的力学性能存在一定的误差;试验得到了螺栓孔变形与载荷增加的关系曲线.      

基于损伤权重的混合多钉连接件疲劳寿命预测方法

复合材料与金属材料混合多钉连接形式是当代飞机结构中最常见的连接形式,因此对于混合多钉连接件疲劳性能的研究有助于提高对飞机结构疲劳损伤的认知。针对以Ti-6Al-4V钛合金为螺栓的ZT7H/QY9611碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料连接板与30CrMnSiNi2A金属连接板混合多钉连接结构进行数值分析和试验研究。利用有限元方法,分别对复合材料和紧固件进行疲劳损伤预测,估算复合材料连接板上螺栓孔附近的损伤,依据复合材料和紧固件的损伤量所占权重,提出了以紧固件分布和复合材料连接板铺层层数为参数的经验公式,进而有效提高混合多钉连接结构疲劳寿命的预测精度。利用试验结果将螺栓孔损伤形式进行分类讨论,探索混合多钉连接件的损伤演化方式;利用C扫描技术得到复合材料分层损伤结果,与模拟结果进行对比分析,进一步解释了模型的合理性。与试验结果对比可以看到,考虑损伤权重的寿命预测值与试验值的对数误差仅为1.1%,相对于不考虑损伤权重方法的8.4%的对数误差,该模型寿命预测精度显著提高。     

Bolt insertion damage and mechanical behaviors investigation of CFRP/CFRP interference fit bolted joints

Interference fit has advantages in improving fatigue behaviors of composite bolted joints; however, interference fit bolt insertion tends to cause damages in laminates weakening joint mechanical properties. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate bolt insertion damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)/CFRP interference fit bolted joints. Mechanical behaviors of joints were also evaluated experimentally under both quasi-static loads and cyclic loads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and high-resolution X-ray micro-CT scan were used to examine micro damages in laminates. Damage and failure behaviors of joints were characterized. The results demonstrated that the hole entrance in upper laminate and the laminate boundary near the hole wall were the most critical regions for damages during bolt insertions. However, the influence of those damages on quasi-static failure loads and fatigue failure modes of joints was minimal. Delamination and matrix cracking occurred first in laminates following fiber and matrix fracture in quasi-static tensile tests. Interference fit could improve the fatigue resistance of the laminate hole; however, the bolt seemed to suffer a more critical local fatigue loading condition. This paper can contribute to composite structure designs, especially in understanding damage and failure behaviors of composite bolted joints.     

复合材料单钉接头损伤失效试验

对104件层合板接头静载力学性能及疲劳特性进行了试验研究,其中考虑了三种不同铺层、九种不同几何尺寸及两种拧紧力矩工况对其力学性能的影响.使用渗透剂增强的X射线图象技术对静载荷分级加载和疲劳载荷分时加载下试样损伤扩展及累积过程进行了无损检测,探讨了复合材料层合板接头实际损伤失效形式及破坏规律.      

微动疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法研究

针对结构的微动疲劳问题,发展了一种寿命可靠性分析方法。在微动条件下,接触区域处于多轴应力状态,采用基于临界平面法的多轴疲劳参数对结构的微动疲劳寿命进行预测。在确定性寿命计算的基础上,考虑弹性模量、摩擦系数以及寿命预测模型中材料常数的随机性,利用响应面方法,结合Monte-Carlo模拟技术获得结构微动疲劳寿命可靠性模型。最后将此方法用于燕尾榫结构的微动疲劳寿命可靠性分析,验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

层合板单钉接头多级疲劳试验

为探讨层合板单钉接头在实际工作中多级疲劳破坏规律,首先通过特征尺寸为层合板端距与螺栓孔孔径之比为3、层合板宽度与螺栓孔孔径之比为3的层合板单钉接头准静态拉伸试验及常幅拉-拉疲劳试验,分析了层合板单钉接头实际损伤失效形式及单级疲劳破坏规律,为其多级疲劳试验各级应力水平的选取提供基础依据.然后对层合板单钉接头在载荷由高到低及由低到高2种加载方式2级载荷作用下的疲劳性能进行了试验研究,并使用经典线性累积损伤理论Miner法则分析计算了接头疲劳损伤值.结果表明:当应力水平由低向高施加时,疲劳损伤值大于1,而应力水平由高向低施加时,疲劳损伤值小于1.      

Tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap hybrid bonded/bolted joint

Hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joint has been widely used in engineering practice because it can overcome the potential weakness of pure bonded and pure bolted joints. However, studies on HBB joint are still at the initial stage. In this paper, tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap HBB joint was investigated experimentally. And a detailed finite element model (FEM) was established to simulate the tensile behavior of the joint. The model was verified by the experimental results. Then the damage propagation and load transfer mechanism were explored based on the FEM. The results show that the HBB joint can provide multi-load transmission paths and resist damage propagation in the adhesive. The HBB joint has higher strength and energy absorption capacity than the pure bonded joint. And the HBB joint has greater initial damage load and tensile stiffness than pure bolted joint. Adhesive fillets can obviously improve the tensile performances of the HBB joint. Lateral stiffness of the joint boundary and testing machine show obvious effects on tensile performances of single-lap hybrid joints.     

Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments. Also, the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined, which revel the uncertainty in joints. Then, the updated Thin Layer Elements (TLEs) method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic properties of joints on the interface. The response of the rotor subjected to unbalance excitation is calculated, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, using the Chebyshev inclusion function and a direct iteration algorithm, a nonlinear interval analysis method is established to consider the uncertainty of parameters in joints. The accuracy is proved by comparison with results obtained using the Monte-Carlo method. Combined with the updated TLEs, the nonlinear Chebyshev method is successfully applied on a finite model of a rotor. The study shows that substantial attention should be paid to the dynamical design for the joint in rotor systems, the dynamic properties of joints under complex loading and the corresponding interval analysis method need to be intensively studied.     

A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

复合材料层合板疲劳逐渐累积损伤寿命预测方法

针对疲劳载荷作用下的纤维增强复合材料层合板, 发展了疲劳逐渐累积损伤寿命预测方法.该方法主要包括应力分析、失效分析及材料性能下降三部分.其中, 应力分析是通过三维有限元数值分析技术实现的;失效分析采用改进的Hashin静态失效准则判断疲劳损伤的产生和扩展;材料性能是基于突降和渐降两种准则进行退化的.所发展的方法可以预测不同铺层顺序、不同几何尺寸的复合材料层合结构在疲劳载荷下的损伤起始、扩展、直至结构最终破坏整个过程, 并预测其疲劳寿命.同时, 在ANSYS软件平台上, 开发了相应的参数化复合材料层板结构的疲劳逐渐损伤分析程序.与已有文献结果比较, 误差在10%以内.      

2.5维机织复合材料疲劳寿命预测方法

针对疲劳载荷作用下的2.5维机织复合材料,建立了疲劳寿命预测方法.该方法主要包括单胞模型、疲劳失效判定准则和材料性能退化方法3部分.选取单胞模型为研究对象,利用三维有限元技术进行应力分析;引入改进的三维Hashin疲劳失效准则和Mises准则作为纤维束和树脂基体的疲劳失效判据;采用刚度性能突降准则描述疲劳失效后的材料性能,采用考虑纤维体积分数影响的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型描述失效前材料的性能.通过疲劳寿命预测值与试验值的对比,验证了疲劳寿命预测方法的有效性.研究表明:经向拉-拉疲劳寿命随经纱纤维体积分数增大而增加,纬向拉-拉疲劳寿命受纬纱纤维体积分数影响较小.      

飞机螺栓双剪连接结构有限元应力分析

为了设计更加高效和安全的航空航天结构元件,对螺栓连接进行精确的应力和应变分析是相当重要的。对飞机结构中广泛使用的铝合金7075 T6螺栓连接板进行了有限元建模,采用单螺栓和双螺母配合的双搭接连接,在建立有限元模型后,模拟施加三个不同大小的预紧力并附加不同的纵向拉伸载荷。螺栓连接中各个部件之间的接触采用三维面面接触单元来模拟,数值分析中考虑了摩擦效应,此外,还模拟了螺栓和板之间的间隙。有限元计算结果显示,由于施加预紧力而在孔边缘附近产生有益的压应力,较高的预紧力可以显著降低在孔边缘处合成拉伸应力的大小,并且在经受纵向拉伸载荷时也能够显著降低接头处的应力水平。     

一种引入材料循环本构的单轴疲劳平均应力模型

为更精准地考虑平均应力对单轴恒幅疲劳寿命的影响,在等效驱动力类平均应力模型的基础上,引入材料循环本构并提出了一个新的平均应力模型。定性地,该模型能够在更广泛寿命值范围和应力比范围内描述多种材料的等寿命线形状;定量地,该模型能够用来预测其他应力比下的疲劳寿命值,且预测值与试验数据符合良好。随后,还提出了一种获取模型系数的方式,能够在保证数据拟合可靠度的前提下进一步减少试验成本。所提出的平均应力模型有潜力为材料性能手册的编纂提供支持,并对相关工程方法提供改进方向。     

飞机结构搭接件微动疲劳研究的关键技术

搭接件是飞机结构中容易产生微动疲劳损伤的部位。文章回顾了微动磨擦学的发展历史,阐述了微动疲劳的损伤机理,介绍了微动疲劳试验的原理、方法,总结了微动疲劳寿命的影响因素。重点分析了飞机结构搭接件微动疲劳研究的关键技术：微动疲劳寿命计算、微动疲劳全寿命模型和微动疲劳寿命模糊可靠性模型。     

干涉对复合材料机械连接强度的影响

采用ANSYS10.0软件,以有限元分析为主要手段分别对间隙配合及干涉配合复合材料机械连接进行了三维模拟。在模拟过程中综合考虑了复合材料特性、螺栓与复合材料板及复合材料板与复合材料板之间的摩擦和接触以及螺栓和复合材料板的约束条件。解决了复合材料干涉配合高精度有限元模拟的关键技术,并通过预紧单元引入拧紧力矩。以此为基础,研究了间隙及干涉对复合材料机械连接强度的影响。结果表明:在复合材料机械连接中采用干涉量适当的干涉配合可以有效提高接头强度。     

纤维铺层方式对CFRP?铝合金单搭接胶接接头拉伸性能影响

为了分析异质材料胶接接头内部典型应力分布规律与刚度退化特点,探究不同铺层方式对异质材料单搭接胶接接头内部应力分布状态影响规律,开展试验和仿真相关研究。首先,制备不同铺层方式的CFRP（carbon fiber reinforce plastic）?铝合金单搭接胶接接头试验件,使用拉伸试验机进行拉伸试验,获得基本试验数据。其次,利用连续损伤模型、3D Hashin失效判据和Cohesive Zone Model研究异质材料胶接接头不同部位典型破坏特点。结果表明,随着复合材料板中0°铺层比例增加,胶接接头极限载荷呈现增加趋势,与之相反接头拉伸位移逐渐缩短。接头铺层方式与载荷方向共同影响胶接接头力学性能,当复合材料板内部各个方向纤维铺层较为均匀时,可以有效降低接头应力集中,载荷方向与铺层纤维方向一致时,可有效提高接头连接强度。复合材料板中0°铺层占比对接头的极限载荷和刚度退化（scalar stiffness degradation,SDEG）影响较大,0°占比越小接头承载能力越弱,接头刚度退化越复杂。      

复合材料层合板多钉连接的紧固件连接柔度

复合材料层合板多钉连接结构中螺栓紧固件连接柔度随钉排数增加而变化。为了阐明多钉连接紧固件连接柔度与单钉连接紧固件连接柔度的差异并建立多钉连接紧固件连接柔度的计算方法,进行了ZT7H/5429复合材料层合板螺栓连接结构拉伸试验和紧固件连接柔度解析求解;研究了旁路载荷对紧固件连接柔度的影响规律并提出了旁路载荷伴随下紧固件连接柔度的计算公式;针对紧固件连接柔度取值与分析模型的相关性,构建了描述钉间层合板柔度偏差的模型适应函数并提出了面向分析模型的紧固件连接柔度修正公式;对1列5钉连接结构进行了钉载计算。结论表明：采用所建立的修正公式对紧固件连接柔度修正后,使得梁-壳有限元模型的钉钉载最大计算误差由16%减小至3%,钉载峰值的计算误差由11%减小至2%,实现了准确且快速的钉载计算,尤其适合大规模复合材料层合板结构钉群连接区的工程应用。     

焊接工艺方法对6061-T6铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

通过对6061铝合金MIG焊接头和TIG焊接头在对应的加载应力条件下疲劳寿命的测定,对比分析了两种工艺方法对铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,在加载应力低于焊接接头静载力学性能的90%时,焊接接头的疲劳寿命均能满足需求背景的需要(100000次不破坏)。同样载荷条件下,MIG焊接头的疲劳性能优于TIG焊接头,尤其是在高应力条件下,MIG焊接头的优势更为明显。焊接接头显微组织分析表明,MIG焊接头比TIG焊接头具有更为细小的晶粒和焊接热影响区,有效地提高了接头的滑移形变抗力,抑制了循环滑移带的形成和开裂,从而提高接头的疲劳性能。疲劳断口分析显示,试件的表面缺陷(疏松、气孔、夹杂等)及机械损伤是疲劳裂纹主要的策源地。     

基于自适应代理模型的结构动力可靠度分析方法

结构动力可靠度分析对于衡量结构的安全状态和工作性能具有重要的指导意义。采用一种同时考虑 动态激励载荷和材料力学性能参数随机性的动力可靠度计算高效方法,通过建立不确定性材料力学性能参数 与条件动力可靠度之间的 Kriging代理模型,推导动力可靠度的解析表达式;提出一个新的学习函数来构建自 适应的 Kriging代理过程,通过复合材料飞行器蒙皮骨架结构在随机振动载荷和随机材料力学性能参数共同作 用下的动力可靠度分析对所提方法的准确性与高效性进行验证。结果表明:所提方法不仅能够避免使用代理 模型对动力可靠度求解时由于使用数值积分所引入的误差,同时能够使用尽可能少的计算成本获得准确的动 力可靠度结果。     

基于子模型方法的钉群连接结构强度分析研究

为了准确高效的进行飞机复合材料钉群连接结构的损伤分析和强度预测,研究了子模型方法在复杂连接结构分析中的应用技术,构造了包括总体模型和两级子模型的钉群连接结构分析模型体系,提出了子模型中螺栓连接结构的建模策略和复合材料结构损伤模拟的方法,确立了对应于损伤模式的结构破坏判据。采用本文提出的方法对波音787复合材料壁板进行接...