制导火箭弹制导控制系统精益设计方法

制导火箭弹在陆军未来战争中正发挥越来越重要的作用，制导控制系统设计是制导火箭弹研制的核心和难题。提出了一种适用于制导火箭弹制导控制系统的精益设计方法，将设计过程分为数据处理环节、自动驾驶仪设计环节、制导律设计环节和六自由度仿真分析环节4个部分，并将标准化和基于模型的思想体现在精益化设计软件中，从而给出了一条可以又快又好地完成系统设计的技术途径。     

组合导弹自动驾驶仪制导的滑模控制

滑模控制器是为组合导弹自动驾驶仪与制导回路被推导出来的。受到有关制导问题的差分博奕方程的启发,使用零控脱靶量来定义的单个滑移面得到了运用。此种组合控制器的性能与两个不同的双回路设计的性能相比较,后者对内部自动驾驶仪回路运用滑模控制器和在外部回路中运用不同的制导律：即一个运用标准差分博奕制导律,另一个运用基于滑模方式的制导逻辑。为了评估不同的制导与控制解决方法的性能,假定对目标闪避动运用一阶动力学,导弹侧面动力学与相关运动学的二维非线形仿真得到了运用。这种组合设计的益处将在几个末端博奕的拦截交会中进行分析研究。它的优越性特别是在任何双回路设计中被假定的、在制导与飞行控制之间的谱分离不能被正确判断的困难场景中得到了证明。结论验证了运用零控脱靶量来定义滑移平面的设计方式的有效性。     

考虑驾驶仪动态性能的指令滤波反演制导律

针对攻击机动目标的制导问题,设计了一种考虑自动驾驶仪性能、输入项约束的指令滤波反演制导律。首先,基于三维空间内弹目相对运动模型,采用反演递推方式设计制导律。针对传统反演控制存在的"微分膨胀"问题,引入指令滤波器对虚拟量进行过滤计算。考虑硬件计算能力的约束,引入自动驾驶仪二阶动力学模型减少控制过程延迟,并利用饱和函数和低通滤波器对输入项进行约束。此外,针对机动目标设计了一种扩张状态观测器来获取其加速度。通过Lyapunov理论证明了所设计闭环制导系统的稳定性。通过仿真实验验证了该制导律相有效性及优越性。     

某型飞机角位移自动驾驶仪比例式控制规律设计与仿真

现代飞机越来越复杂的飞行任务对飞机控制系统性能提出了更高要求,而飞机控制系统性能的好坏与飞机自动驾驶仪控制规律设计的优劣关系密切.为此,对某型飞机自动驾驶仪的比例式控制规律进行了分析和设计,仿真研究了控制规律中的速率反馈及位置反馈的作用和选取原则,进而设计出性能良好的飞机角位移自动驾驶仪比例式控制规律.通过大量仿真比较...     

不同过载自动驾驶仪的对比研究

针对三种不同结构的过载自动驾驶仪进行了对比研究,推导了驾驶仪控制回路的闭环传递函数,并对闭环稳态误差进行了分析.基于极点配置方法,设计了自动驾驶仪控制参数.在此基础上,研究了各驾驶仪控制回路对执行机构动力学延迟、非线性环节以及测量噪声的响应特性,并进行了对比分析,为飞行器过载自动驾驶仪的选型和设计提供了依据.     

飞机均衡式自动驾驶仪控制规律设计及仿真

飞机在干扰力矩或斜坡信号作用下,其比例式自动驾驶仪控制规律会产生控制静差,难以控制飞机按预定航迹准确飞行。为解决该问题,首先,简要分析均衡式自动驾驶仪基本工作原理;然后,建立了均衡式自动驾驶仪结构图,对其控制规律进行设计;最后,进行了大量仿真研究。仿真结果显示,所设计均衡式自动驾驶仪控制规律是良好的和有效的,与比例式自动驾驶仪控制规律相比,其控制系统的稳态性能得到有效改进。     

基于Backstepping和扰动观测器的导引律

考虑目标机动和自动驾驶仪动态特性等情况,基于扰动观测器(DOB)技术及Backstepping的设计思想,提出了一种新型的三维导引律。运用Backstepping的设计思想,将包含驾驶仪动态特性的制导环路分为外环和内环两个环路。将目标机动及俯仰和偏航平面间的交叉耦合项当成外环扰动,将驾驶仪参数不确定当成内环扰动,分别设计内外扰动观测器将它们估计出来,利用估计值做前馈补偿得到的外环控制器可抑制目标机动对制导精度的影响及实现两个平面的解耦控制,内环控制器补偿驾驶仪动态特性对制导精度的影响。导引律的设计在于使得导弹的实际加速度跟踪上外环的虚拟控制。仿真结果表明:在目标做大机动、考虑驾驶仪动态特性的情况下,这种导引律仍然具有良好的制导精度。     

导弹集成制导控制的数值状态变量黎卡迪处理法

1介绍 集成制导和控制系统在最近的科技文献中常有报道，通过开发制导与自动驾驶仪控制之间的协同作用的子系统来提高导弹的性能。在飞行控制系统中用附加的反馈通道集成设计方法，可以使设计师在这些子系统之间研制出有价值的界面，另外还有许多常规和集成的导弹制导控制本文中也有详细论述。     

高速再入飞行器的制导与控制系统设计

 针对高速再入飞行器模型的快时变,强耦合,严重非线性的特点,采用反馈线性化方法,设计了自动驾驶仪;同时采用最优制导律设计与理想速度曲线相结合的方法,设计了能同时保证末端制导精度及速度方向、大小的制导律。最后,进行了六自由度仿真,结果表明 :设计的制导律及控制方案是合理、有效的,易于实现。     

防空导弹自动驾驶仪的变结构控制

本文针对防空导弹气动参数大范围剧烈变化和静不稳定特点，运用变结构控制方法进行自动加强仪设计。数字仿真表明变结构自动驾驶仪具有良好的稳定和操纵性能。     

Evaluation on novel architecture for harmonizing manual and automatic flight controls under atmospheric turbulence

Pilot uncertainty in aircraft response under automatic flight control has triggered aircraft accidents/incidents in the past. This uncertainty compels a pilot to disengage autopilot and switch to manual control. However, the decision to disengage autopilot and when to do it can be difficult: especially if there is not enough time to monitor the cockpit displays, for instance while countering atmospheric turbulence. Against this background, we proposed the “human as a control module” architecture for harmonizing pilot and autopilot controls. The architecture blends pilot maneuver with autopilot control instead of switching between them when simultaneous inputs are given to the aircraft. By automatically adjusting pilot and autopilot control inputs, the architecture avoids overlaps of both control authorities and helps to circumvent the effect of conflicting actions. This paper applies the architecture to the situations of past aircraft incidents which had been caused by the transfer from autopilot control to pilot maneuver after encountering atmospheric turbulence. The effectiveness of the architecture is evaluated via simulation study for the specific incident examples. Furthermore, this paper extends the architecture with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based observer and evaluates its robustness under errors in wind estimation.     

To estimation of control law parameters for the lateral motion of aircraft taking into account wind disturbances

We consider the problem of adjusting the gear ratios of the aircraft autopilot without data on bank taking into account wind disturbances caused by atmospheric turbulence. The theory of Markov processes and extremal challenges is used to solve the problem. We present an example of adjusting autopilot gear ratios for the aircraft—autopilot dynamics system under wind disturbances.     

摆动喷管控制导弹回路成形自动驾驶仪设计

针对摆动喷管控制防空导弹存在的伺服气动弹性问题,利用鲁棒回路成形方法在导弹的纵向通道设计了自动驾驶仪。首先,建立了考虑一阶弹性振动影响的纵向小扰动线性化模型;然后考虑到控制系统设计中存在的导弹自身以及外界干扰等不确定因素的影响,采用回路成形的方法,根据系统性能指标的要求,选取了系统期望回路成形函数,构造了防空导弹纵向自动驾驶仪回路成形设计框架,给出了鲁棒回路成形控制增益K∞;最后,对其进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。     

Robust控制器在导弹自动驾驶仪中的应用

本文提出一种改进自动驾驶仪性能的方案。在导弹自动驾驶仪原回路的基础上增加Robust控制器,这种方案可提高驾驶仪对参数变化的Robust性能。本文详细叙述了Robust控制器结合自动驾驶仪的设计方法,并用仿真结果说明了Robust控制器在本算例中所起的作用。     

Missile autopilot design using quasi-LPV polynomial eigenstructure assignment

This paper presents the design of a missile autopilot over its flight envelop using quasi-linear parameter-varying polynomial eigenstructure assignment (PEA). The paper describes the extension of PEA to parameter-varying systems using a nonlinear missile model developed by Horton as an example. The autopilot is designed for a single-plane lateral acceleration control and a 5 degree of freedom (DOF) autopilot is also designed. Both lateral acceleration and augmented lateral acceleration outputs are considered. The lateral acceleration autopilot has nonminimum phase characteristics, and it is shown that the quasi-linear parameter-varying PEA approach can handle nonminimum phase systems unlike classic dynamic inversion techniques. Simulation results are presented over fast variations in Mach number and show that the design is robust.     

Roll-pitch-yaw autopilot design for nonlinear time-varying missile using partial state observer based global fast terminal sliding mode control

The acceleration autopilot design for skid-to-turn (STT) missile faces a great challenge owing to coupling effect among planes, variation of missile velocity and its parameters, inexistence of a complete state vector, and nonlinear aerodynamics. Moreover, the autopilot should be designed for the entire flight envelope where fast variations exist. In this paper, a design of inte-grated roll-pitch-yaw autopilot based on global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) with a partial state nonlinear observer (PSNLO) for STT nonlinear time-varying missile model, is employed to address these issues. GFTSMC with a novel sliding surface is proposed to nullify the integral error and the singularity problem without application of the sign function. The pro-posed autopilot consisting of two-loop structure, controls STT maneuver and stabilizes the rolling with a PSNLO in order to estimate the immeasurable states as an output while its inputs are missile measurable states and control signals. The missile model considers the velocity variation, gravity effect and parameters’ variation. Furthermore, the environmental conditions’ dynamics are mod-eled. PSNLO stability and the closed loop system stability are studied. Finally, numerical simula-tion is established to evaluate the proposed autopilot performance and to compare it with existing approaches in the literature.     

Adaptive block dynamic surface control for integrated missile guidance and autopilot

A novel integrated guidance and autopilot design method is proposed for homing missiles based on the adaptive block dynamic surface control approach. The fully integrated guidance and autopilot model is established by combining the nonlinear missile dynamics with the nonlinear dynamics describing the pursuit situation of a missile and a target in the three-dimensional space. The integrated guidance and autopilot design problem is further converted to a state regulation problem of a time-varying nonlinear system with matched and unmatched uncertainties. A new and simple adaptive block dynamic surface control algorithm is proposed to address such a state regulation problem. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven based on the Lyapunov theory. The six degrees of freedom (6DOF) nonlinear numerical simulation results show that the proposed integrated guidance and autopilot algorithm can ensure the accuracy of target interception and the robust stability of the closed-loop system with respect to the uncertainties in the missile dynamics.     

一种民用飞机驾驶杆高频抖动的抑制方法

针对民用飞机自动飞行过程中驾驶杆/盘存在较高频率抖动现象,提出一种基于小波理论和有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器的信号综合处理方法,以抑制驾驶杆/盘的高频抖动.首先分析了驾驶杆高频抖动形成机制及其影响,然后采用Matlab小波分析工具箱对自动飞行系统内环控制律的输入信号进行分析,通过多级分解确定信号中不同的频率成分;最后设...