用于故障穿越的飞轮储能双三相异步电机驱动控制研究

随着海上风电场的发展和高压直流输电技术的应用,风电场系统存在交流侧故障穿越的问题。针对这个问题,提出了一种用于故障穿越的基于模块化多电平变频器和双三相异步电机的飞轮储能系统,并设计了其驱动控制方案。飞轮储能系统采用了模块化多电平技术能方便地构建大功率高压变频器,并具备扩容能力。为了提高飞轮储能系统的可靠性,采用了双三相异步电机驱动,从而提高了冗余性。接着设计了能均衡各个模块电容电压的双三相异步电机驱动控制算法。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台建立了风电场和飞轮储能系统的仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。仿真结果验证了飞轮储能系统的功能和驱动控制策略的性能。     

Segmented battery charger for high energy 28 V lithium ion battery

Since they were first introduced in the early 1990s, lithium ion batteries have enjoyed unprecedented growth and success in the consumer marketplace. Combining excellent performance with affordability, they have become the product of choice for portable computers and cellular phones. Building on the same energy and life cycle attributes, which marked their consumer market success, but adding new high power storage capability, lithium ion technology is now poised to play a similar role in the transportation, military, and space sectors. With major program in various aspects of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, Saft has developed a family of battery products that address the power and energy storage where lightweight, long life, and excellent energy or power storage capabilities are needed. Significant progress in the packaging and control of high power, yet compact, batteries has been accomplished for a variety of vehicle applications. This paper discusses the charger and balancing strategies of one of this family of products     

Flywheel technology development program for aerospace applications

An overview of advanced flywheel development for energy storage in aerospace applications is presented. The advantages offered by this emerging technology are described and the current NASA approach toward developing the technology is presented     

储能飞轮用大功率高速永磁同步电机电磁设计

储能飞轮用高速电机的工作状态包括电动机、发电机及空载三种。提高储能飞轮的能量转换效率、降低电机在各种运行状态的损耗成为其电磁设计的主要任务。从工程应用的角度,对储能飞轮用大功率高速永磁同步电机的绕组损耗、铁心损耗及涡流损耗进行了分析,重点分析了定转子间隙对转子构件涡流损耗的影响,同时提出了一种阶梯式转子永磁体结构,可满足永磁同步电机(PMSM)对空载反电动势的低谐波要求,并提出了转子护套材料的选取原则。最后通过一个算例介绍了电机的设计分析及性能参数的计算。     

Global avionics in the future

The following topics are discussed: new batteries for old airplanes; new charge controls for lengthening battery life; fast methods for batteries charging; AC conductance measurement based battery testing; pulse power; bipolar lead-acid batteries vs supercapacitors; Ni electrode cells for spacecraft; worn-out battery disposal; recycling technology; vehicle batteries cost; high energy content batteries; and energy storage for electric utilities     

High reliability lithium rechargeable batteries for specialties

Since their development in the late 1980s, lithium rechargeable batteries have enjoyed rapid growth and wide use as a commodity battery known for its higher energy density storage and lightweight convenience. These same attributes are emerging as a strong platform in power source development for the medical and aerospace sectors with highly customized applications and narrowly defined criteria. Accordingly, this new generation of lithium rechargeables must be hermetically sealed, have long-term storage capability, and zero-fault tolerances for common causes of field failures such as electrolyte leakage or short circuits from mechanical deformation. Quallion has been developing and manufacturing highly reliable lithium rechargeable cells for medical, aerospace, and specialty applications. Summarized in this paper are some key technologies developed at Quallion for designing and manufacturing of this new class of lithium rechargeable batteries. They include: 1) leakage reliability; 2) self-extinguishing electrolyte system; 3) mechanical impact resistance; 4) deep discharge storage; and 5) high reliability manufacturing.     

利用飞轮的航天器姿态跟踪与能量存储

研究航天器集成能量与姿态控制系统中飞轮的控制律。系统中飞轮是姿态控制的执行机构,同时也是储能装置。首先利用Lyapunov方法设计了航天器姿态跟踪的反馈控制律,然后研究一种力矩形式的飞轮控制律。利用奇异值分解方法把飞轮组的控制力矩向量分解为3部分相互正交的力矩向量,一部分用来提供姿态控制力矩,一部分用来以给定的功率储能,另一部分完成轮速平衡以避免由于各飞轮轮速差异过大引起的飞轮饱和。提出了一种基于动能反馈的储能功率规划方案来保证系统的能量平衡,可以避免由于过剩能量引起的飞轮饱和。数值仿真结果验证了控制方案的有效性。     

飞轮储能用混合磁悬浮轴承温度场分析

磁悬浮轴承(MBs)作为飞轮系统的重要组成部分,工作在真空环境,然而散热条件差,温度过高严重影响了飞轮的运行,降低了飞轮的可靠性。在对飞轮储能用混合型磁悬浮轴承损耗进行分析的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立混合型磁轴承的3D热模型,将不同运行状态下磁悬浮轴承的损耗作为热源导入温度场中,得到了磁悬浮轴承在不同运行状态下的温度分布,为磁悬浮轴承的设计和温升控制提供了重要的依据。     

Electrical power subsystem initial sizing

The basics of performing the initial electrical power subsystem (EPS) sizing for a spacecraft using solar cells for an energy source and batteries for energy storage are covered. The basic engineering inputs are described. The outputs are the first estimate of the number of solar cells, the solar array area, and the number of batteries required. A spreadsheet program to keep track of the inputs, perform the calculations, and document the inputs and outputs was written     

Advanced materials for next generation NiMH portable, HEV and EVbatteries

While Ovonic NiMH batteries are already in high volume commercial production for portable applications, advances in materials technology have enabled performance improvements in specific energy (100 Wh/kg), specific power (600-1000 W/kg), high temperature operation, charge retention, and voltage stability. Concurrent with technology advances, Ovonic NiMH batteries have established performance and commercial milestones in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, as well as scooter, motorcycle and bicycle applications. As important as these advances, significant manufacturing cost reductions have also occurred which allow continued growth of NiMH technology. In this paper, advances in performance, applications and cost reduction are discussed with particular emphasis on the improved proprietary metal hydride and nickel hydroxide materials that make such advances possible     

Performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for NASA's Mars2001 Lander application

NASA requires lightweight rechargeable batteries for future missions to Mars and the outer planets that are capable of operating over a wide range of temperatures, with high specific energy and energy densities. Due to the attractive performance characteristics, lithium-ion batteries have been identified as the battery chemistry of choice for a number of future applications, including Mars rovers and landers. The Mars 2001 Lander (Mars Surveyor Program MSP 01) will be one of the first missions which will utilize lithium-ion technology. This application will require two lithium-ion batteries, each being 28 V (eight cells), 25 Ah and 8 kg. In addition to the requirement of being able to supply at least 200 cycles and 90 days of operation on the surface of Mars, the battery must be capable of operation (both charge and discharge) at temperatures as low as -20°C. To assess the viability of lithium-ion cells for these applications, a number of performance characterization tests have been performed, including: assessing the room temperature cycle life, low temperature cycle life (-20°C), rate capability as a function of temperature, pulse capability, self-discharge and storage characteristics, as well as mission profile capability. This paper describes the Mars 2001 Lander mission battery requirements and contains results of the cell testing conducted to-date in support of the mission,     

Microsatellite combined attitude/energy systems

We have constructed a high-temperature super conductor-magnet momentum wheel for microsatellites and propose a micro high-temperature superconductor energy storage and attitude control system for nano/pico satellites. The momentum wheel for micro satellites has a mass of 1.1 kg with an angular momentum capacity of 3.5 J sec. It occupies a volume of 12.7 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height. It operates within the restricted power budget of a microsatellite with a total power supply of only 10 watts. It consumes less than 1 watt for sustenance. The micro high-temperature superconductor flywheel for nano/pico satellites has an angular momentum capacity of 0.083 Js and stores 2.32 kJ at 530 krpm. Its energy storage capacity is approximately 45 Wh/kg with an energy density of around 370 kJ/L. The HTS systems can perform the dual function of a power/attitude control system and are ideally suited for low Earth orbit energy storage, power generation, and attitude control of spacecraft.     

Induction machine based flywheel energy storage system

This study introduces a field oriented controlled (FOC) induction machine based flywheel energy storage (FES) system fed from a 20 kHz high frequency (HF) ac link and pulse density modulated (PDM) Converter. The feasibility of FES system is investigated both in software and hardware and is demonstrated successfully in both cases. The investigated system offers a good potential as a temporary energy storage system for various applications from automobile industry to aerospace applications.     

基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计

为了在平流层飞艇推进系统高效率和轻质量需求的矛盾之中取得平衡,提出基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法。利用试验设计和代理模型技术分别建立了高空电动机、螺旋桨的主要设计参数与其效率和质量的代理模型。建立了包含太阳能电池和储能电池的飞艇能源系统质量计算模型。以整系统能量平衡和推阻平衡为约束,以推进与能源系统总质量最小为目标,借助多岛遗传算法构建了飞艇推进系统优化设计数学模型。对某型平流层飞艇推进系统进行了优化设计,结果表明:优化后的推进系统效率提升了23%,推进与能源系统总质量降低了340 kg,验证了该平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法的可行性和应用价值。     

某型导弹贮存架模态分析

基于ANSYS软件平台,在模态分析理论基础上,对某型舰载导弹贮存架结构进行了模态分析,得到了贮存架结构前十阶模态结果;着重分析了前五阶模态振型,指出了贮存架弯曲振动和扭转振动是其结构动态特性的主要表现形式;指出针对导弹贮存架结构进行的模态分析,可为贮存架结构的动力学研究工作提供基础和依据。     

Battery configurations for multi-megawatt pulse power

The capability of lead-acid batteries for supplying very high power for a short time is explored. The application of such a battery for accelerating a hypersonic plane is used to illustrate the requirements. A technique for analyzing batteries and controlling voltage for pulse loads is described. Evaluation of lead-acid batteries in production and voltage regulation by switching batteries in and out are covered. Alternatives to batteries, including superconducting magnetic energy storage, are discussed     

The Hy-StorTM battery

The Hy-Stor^TM Battery is a rechargeable battery being developed for electric vehicles and other large battery applications. The battery combines the high energy storage capability of metal hydride alloys with the high cycle life and discharge rate capabilities of nickel-hydrogen cells. It is a hybrid battery concept that offers potential performance, economic and safety advantages over other large battery technologies. Very recent developments indicate that much smaller batteries can also be produced to meet the needs of the portable computer and other portable electronic device markets. Initial tests demonstrated the ability of a metal hydride storage system to achieve high cycle life when absorbing hydrogen that was saturated with battery electrolyte solution and then passed through a purifier. Based on positive test results, a patent for the Hy-Stor battery was applied for and granted     

Perspective on ultracapacitors for electric vehicles

Recent advances in performance of chemical double layer capacitors (DLC) with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes have made it possible to seriously consider them for commercialization. Non-aqueous (organic) carbon based laboratory monopolar devices have recently met key U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) mid-term specifications (> 5 WNkg, >500 W/kg and >100,000 life cycles) for load-leveling electric vehicles batteries. All DLC technologies currently under development by DoE are discussed. Each technology has distinct advantages and none are clear winners at this time. A study has been completed by the General Electric Company on the interface electronics needed to best utilize the energy of capacitors for load-leveling batteries. System costs are presented based on this study, several battery technologies, and capacitor projections     

Progress in the development of Ovonic nickel metal hydridebatteries

Performance data for batteries based on multicomponent hydrogen storage alloys using the principles of atomic engineering are presented. In particular, the successful scale-up of this technology for electric vehicle applications is shown     

支承飞轮的推力磁轴承设计

讨论了磁轴承用户性能要求与设计解空间参数之间的多对多映射关系和设计中遵循的一般规则,对磁轴承的设计过程进行了结构分析。在此基础上,通过分析用于陀螺仪中支承飞轮储能系统的推力磁轴承的结构特点和设计约束,详细讨论了该产品设计过程中各种设计参数之间的相互约束关系和确定顺序,探讨了一种合理的设计参数映射过程,为磁轴承性能体系的建立和智能设计奠定了基础。