基于最小跳数的无线传感器网络跨层设计

传统的严格分层参考模型无法实现对无线传感器网络资源的有效管理和运用,跨层设计是提高网络整体性能的一种有效方法。针对无线传感器网络能量、计算资源、存储资源和带宽资源有限的特点,提出一种基于最小跳数的路由层和MAC层的跨层协议设计方案。MAC层和路由层通过共享sensor节点到sink节点的最小跳数信息,在MAC层建立时间梯度,解决多个节点共享无线信道的问题;并在路由层建立路由表,解决路由选择问题。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低网络能耗的同时,在降低传输延迟,提高数据投递率方面也取得了良好的性能。     

应用ZigBee无线传感器网络构建电子护栏的研究

根据场区安全防护的需求，研究采用基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络构建电子护栏的问题。首先介绍无线传感器网络的特点及其组织结构，分析ZigBee的技术特征，给出ZigBee协议栈模型。在此基础上，提出构建电子护栏系统的设计方案，并分析网络系统的路由协议，给出系统软硬件开发的流程。     

基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法

基于蚁群优化的WSNs路由算法具有蚁群优化自组织性、正反馈性和并行性的特点,在构造无线传感器网络中的最优路由时有很好的性能。但是蚁群优化构造最优解时带来的网络开销十分可观,不适合在路由维护阶段反复使用蚁群优化重构路由。考虑到蚁群优化的上述特点,同时针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的能量均衡白适应路由算法。该算法使用了新的信息素更新算子,算子中包含了网络能量水平因子,能够均衡网络能量消耗。在路由维护阶段,该算法使用了新的基于侦测蚂蚁的自适应路由维护机制,很好地降低了网络开销。     

基于嵌入式系统的无线信息共享系统的设计

为满足电子侦察一体化的需要,对无线信息共享系统传输协议、网络拓扑结构和路由方式进行了研究。提出了一种无线信息共享系统结构。网络节点硬件主体由嵌入式111央控制模块与无线收发模块组成,并在巾央控制模块巾集成了多种接口用来外接信息采集模块。应用了IEEES02．11g协议和Ad—hoc网络路由方式,在WindowsCE平台上实现了网络节点间的数据文件共享。实验结果表明该系统可以在复杂的环境下稳定运行。     

无线传感器网络节点的研究与设计

无线传感器网络节点的设计,对于构成一个实际的无线传感器网络应用系统具有重要意义。本文在对ZigBee协议和无线传感器网络体系结构进行论述的基础上,设计了一种基于ZigBee协议和PIC18F4620单片机的无线传感器网络节点。该节点采用了一款符合IEEE802.15.4标准的ZigBee无线网络芯片CC2420,通过PIC18F4620单片机的SPI接口实现单片机和ZigBee芯片的通讯。文中对该节点开发设计过程中的主要问题进行了较详细的论述,对传感器网络设计与应用具有参考价值。     

LEACH协议的改进与仿真研究

无线传感器网络由能量受限的节点组成,高效节能的路由算法是路由设计的关键问题。在LEACH算法的基础上,提出了一种新的分簇式路由策略,从簇头个数的确定、簇头选举方法对LEACH算法进行了改进,数据传输方式允许采用多跳方式与基站节点通信,仿真结果表明该算法具有降低网络能耗、延长网络生命周期的优点。     

无线传感器网络的异构性研究

随着无线通信技术和微电子技术的快速发展,低成本、高度集成和自组织的无线传感器网络将会逐渐普及.首先总结归纳了无线传感器网络异构性的几种表现形式,如计算能力异构性、节点能量异构性、链路异构性及网络协议异构性,然后介绍了异构无线传感器网络层次网络体系结构和两种适用于无线传感器网络的标准.最后对无线传感器网络的安全问题进行简单探讨.     

一种超低功耗的无线传感器网络节点机的设计

无线传感器网络综合了传感器技术、嵌入式技术、分布式信息处理技术和网络通信技术，能够协作地实施监测、感知和采集各种环境对象的信息，并将信息传递给系统用户主机进行分析、处理。其巨大应用前景引起了军事、工业、商业和学术界专家的广泛关注。无线网络中的节点，具有感知和路由的功能，在实际的应用中功耗是影响节点工作寿命的关键因素，为此，使用了nRF903和微控制器MSP430F149设计并实现了一种超低功耗的无线传感器网络节点机，提出了一种物理层通信的超低功耗能量控制的方法，并进行了测试。结果证明该模块比较适合传感器网络层的节点机的应用，具有集成度高、微型化、体积小、功耗低等特点。     

传感器网络MAC协议能量有效性的研究与MATLAB的仿真

无线传感器网络由于能量受限,传感器节点的生存周期取决于节点的能量消耗。本文分析了典型的S-MAC协议和T-MAC协议,研究了这些协议的工作原理。针对节能问题,建立了能量消耗的数学模型。对无线传感器网络的MAC协议,进行了MATLAB软件仿真,做出了关于能耗问题的曲线图,仿真结果表明在同等条件下T-MAC协议耗能较少,且能较好的满足通信的时延性。     

Ad hoc网络中的位置辅助路由

Ad hoc网络是由一群随机移动的用户终端组成的无须任何固定网络设备的自组织网络.位置辅助路由是Ad hoc网络中有别于基于拓扑路由的一种路由方式.它能利用节点的位置信息来指导路由发现、路由维护和包的转发,从而提高了路由的效率.Ad hoc网络包括限制性泛洪路由和分层路由两种类型,本文介绍了Ad hoc网络及其优缺点,并分析和定性比较了现有的位置辅助路由协议.     

Actual TDoA-based augmentation system for enhancing cybersecurity in ADS-B

Currently, cybersecurity and cyber resilience are emerging and urgent issues in next-generation air traffic surveillance systems, which depend primarily on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) owing to its low cost and high accuracy. Unfortunately, ADS-B is prone to cyber-attacks. To verify the ADS-B positioning data of aircraft, multilateration (MLAT) techniques that use Time Differences of Arrivals (TDoAs) have been proposed. MLAT exhibits low accuracy in determining aircraft positions. Recently, a novel technique using a theoretically calculated TDoA fingerprint map has been proposed. This technique is less dependent on the geometry of sensor deployment and achieves better accuracy than MLAT. However, the accuracy of the existing technique is not sufficiently precise for determining aircraft positions and requires a long computation time. In contrast, this paper presents a reliable surveillance framework using an Actual TDoA-Based Augmentation System (ATBAS). It uses historically recorded real-data from the OpenSky network to train our TDoA fingerprint grid network. Our results show that the accuracy of the proposed ATBAS framework in determining the aircraft positions is significantly better than those of the MLAT and expected TDoA techniques by 56.93% and 48.86%, respectively. Additionally, the proposed framework reduced the computation time by 77% compared with the expected TDoA technique.     

MPP蛀孔互联网的模拟研究

蛀孔交换技术的特性不同于存储转发交换技术的特性。该文分析了消息在重载蛀孔网络中传输的性能特性，指出了在典型的二维MESH网中应用蛀孔技术的障碍。在此基础上提出了二维MESH的一种改进结构，即间接二维MESH结构，并分析、模拟了该结构在各种网络负载及各种网络规模下的性能特性。分析及模拟都说明了该结构的高效性。     

Wireless sensor networks: scheduling for measurement and data reporting

An optimal load allocation approach is presented for measurement and data reporting in wireless sensor networks with a single level tree network topology. The measurement problem investigated involves a measurement space, part of which can be sampled by each sensor. We seek to optimally assign sensors part of the measurement space to minimize reporting time and energy usage. Three representative measurement and reporting strategies are studied. This work is novel as it considers, for the first time, the measurement capacity of processors and assumes negligible computation time which is radically different from the traditional divisible load scheduling research to date. Aerospace applications include satellite remote sensing and monitoring and sensor networks deployed and monitored from the air.     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

Onboard Attitude Error Computation for Automatic Spin Axis Control of Bhaskara

The Indian experimental remote sensing satellite, Bhaskara, uses two horizon crossing sensors mounted at 45° and 135° with respect to spin axis for onboard roll error computation and automatic control of the spin axis orientation within 3° of the orbit normal. A new method for roll error computation and control and digital hardware for the same are described. The system has flexibility to vary the threshold, to adapt to altitude variations and various mission requirements, and to work with a single horizon sensor. Flight performance of the system is satisfactory.     

Pico-satellite Autonomous Navigation with Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Data

This article presents a near-Earth satellite orbit estimation method for pico-satellite applications with light-weight and low-power requirements. The method provides orbit information autonomously from magnetometer and sun sensor, with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Real-time position/velocity parameters are estimated with attitude independently from two quantities: the measured magnitude of the Earth’s magnetic field, and the measured dot product of the magnetic field vector and the sun vector. To guarantee the filter’s effectiveness, it is recommended that the sun sensor should at least have the same level of accuracy as magnetometer. Furthermore, to reduce filter’s computation expense, simplification methods in EKF’s Jacobian calculations are introduced and testified, and a polynomial model for fast magnetic field calculation is developed. With these methods, 50% of the computation expense in dynamic model propagation and 80% of the computation burden in measurement model calculation can be reduced. Tested with simulation data and compared with original magnetometer-only methods, filter achieves faster convergence and higher accuracy by 75% and 30% respectively, and the suggested simplification methods are proved to be harmless to filter’s estimation performance.     

UMR: A utility-maximizing routing algorithm for delay-sensitive service in LEO satellite networks

This paper develops a routing algorithm for delay-sensitive packet transmission in a low earth orbit multi-hop satellite network consists of micro-satellites. The micro-satellite low earth orbit(MS-LEO) network endures unstable link connection and frequent link congestion due to the uneven user distribution and the link capacity variations. The proposed routing algorithm,referred to as the utility maximizing routing(UMR) algorithm, improve the network utility of the MS-LEO network for carrying flows with strict end-to-end delay bound requirement. In UMR, first, a link state parameter is defined to capture the link reliability on continuing to keep the end-to-end delay into constraint; then, on the basis of this parameter, a routing metric is formulated and a routing scheme is designed for balancing the reliability in delay bound guarantee among paths and building a path maximizing the network utility expectation. While the UMR algorithm has many advantages, it may result in a higher blocking rate of new calls. This phenomenon is discussed and a weight factor is introduced into UMR to provide a flexible performance option for network operator. A set of simulations are conducted to verify the good performance of UMR, in terms of balancing the traffic distribution on inter-satellite links, reducing the flow interruption rate,and improving the network utility.     

Survivable communication concept via multiple low Earth-orbitingsatellites

An overview of a reliable cross-link communication system using multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites is presented, covering the overall network concept, data packet routing, communication techniques including antenna subsystems, communication parameter tradeoffs, signal processing, and the overall radio design concept definition. The critical issue addressed is the maximum cross-link distance coverage obtained under stressed conditions by utilizing an optimal coding technique for a given prime power of the satellite