无线传感器网络节点的研究与设计

无线传感器网络节点的设计,对于构成一个实际的无线传感器网络应用系统具有重要意义。本文在对ZigBee协议和无线传感器网络体系结构进行论述的基础上,设计了一种基于ZigBee协议和PIC18F4620单片机的无线传感器网络节点。该节点采用了一款符合IEEE802.15.4标准的ZigBee无线网络芯片CC2420,通过PIC18F4620单片机的SPI接口实现单片机和ZigBee芯片的通讯。文中对该节点开发设计过程中的主要问题进行了较详细的论述,对传感器网络设计与应用具有参考价值。     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究与分析

集成了传感器、嵌入式技术、分布式信息处理技术和无线通信技术而形成的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,简称WSN)是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术。但由于无线传感器网络的特点,使其路由协议即不同于传统的网络,又有别于ad hoc网络。对几种典型无线传感器网络路由协议进行了详细分析与比较,并针对LEACH算法存在的问题提出了一种改进方案。     

应用ZigBee无线传感器网络构建电子护栏的研究

根据场区安全防护的需求，研究采用基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络构建电子护栏的问题。首先介绍无线传感器网络的特点及其组织结构，分析ZigBee的技术特征，给出ZigBee协议栈模型。在此基础上，提出构建电子护栏系统的设计方案，并分析网络系统的路由协议，给出系统软硬件开发的流程。     

基于最小跳数的无线传感器网络跨层设计

传统的严格分层参考模型无法实现对无线传感器网络资源的有效管理和运用,跨层设计是提高网络整体性能的一种有效方法。针对无线传感器网络能量、计算资源、存储资源和带宽资源有限的特点,提出一种基于最小跳数的路由层和MAC层的跨层协议设计方案。MAC层和路由层通过共享sensor节点到sink节点的最小跳数信息,在MAC层建立时间梯度,解决多个节点共享无线信道的问题;并在路由层建立路由表,解决路由选择问题。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低网络能耗的同时,在降低传输延迟,提高数据投递率方面也取得了良好的性能。     

基于S-MAC的主动式的移动性支持机制

移动性在无线传感器网络应用中的出现对MAC协议产生了重要的影响.由于移动节点与周围邻居的连接极易断开,因此如何在MAC协议中依据移动速度主动建立移动节点与周围邻居的连接就成为一个非常关键的问题.本文基于S-MAC协议提出了一种主动式的移动性支持机制,移动节点依据自身的移动速度主动地通告周围的新邻居以及时建立与新邻居的连接,减少了大量丢包和耗能.     

无线传感器网络的低功耗研究

在野外等一些环境下的无线数据采集系统中,由于地理环境恶劣、节点数量多等原因很难更换电源电池,因此有效地降低系统各层的功耗、提高系统的生命周期尤为重要.文中在论述传感器节点结构的基础上,分析如何对传感器节点的动态电压调度、MCU能量消耗控制、动态功率管理、收发模块节能等硬件电路以及对MAC层、网络层的软件协议降低系统耗能.     

基于OPNET的CSMA协议性能研究

CSMA协议是无线自组织网络MAC协议中的基本协议,研究其在不同网络条件下的通信性能,对于指导该协议在实际中的具体应用具有重要的作用.基于OPNET网络仿真软件,实现了CSMA协议,设计了不同网络条件下的仿真实验,研究了几个主要的网络参数对CSMA通信性能的影响,为实际网络条件下的CSMA协议性能评估提供参考.     

低能耗无线传感器网络节点值守机制的研究及实现

针对无线传感器网络节点能源有限性设计了一种基于GAF算法的改进休眠调度算法,根据邻居节点信息合理调度节点睡眠,平衡网络内节点工作时长,在保证较高的网络覆盖率的同时最大限度延长网络生命周期.最后通过仿真验证了该算法的性能.     

无线传感器网络时间同步协议动态切换机制

针对当前无线传感器网络时间同步协议通用性差的问题,提出了基于主动编程思想的时间同步协议动态切换机制,设计了能够动态适配的时间同步协议切换框架,重点讨论了节点间相互通信、时间戳标记、协议切换、本地时间与全局时间的转换等4个关键问题,并且在TinyOS（Tiny Operating System,微操作系统）平台上对新机制进行了仿真验证,比较了新机制同2种主流时间同步协议之间的性能差异.仿真结果表明：新机制能实现时间同步协议的动态配置,提高协同效率,节省切换开销,具有良好的应用前景.     

无线传感器网络的异构性研究

随着无线通信技术和微电子技术的快速发展,低成本、高度集成和自组织的无线传感器网络将会逐渐普及.首先总结归纳了无线传感器网络异构性的几种表现形式,如计算能力异构性、节点能量异构性、链路异构性及网络协议异构性,然后介绍了异构无线传感器网络层次网络体系结构和两种适用于无线传感器网络的标准.最后对无线传感器网络的安全问题进行简单探讨.     

Energy-efficiency maximization for fixed-wing UAV-enabled relay network with circular trajectory

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the applications of UAVs have been extensively explored. In the field of wireless communications, the relay nodes are often used to extend network coverage. However, traditional fixed ground relays cannot be flexibly deployed due to their low heights and fixed locations. Hence, deploying UAV as relay node is a promising solution and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we consider an UAV-enabled relaying network in which a fixed-wing UAV is deployed between the Base Station (BS) and Ground Users (GUs). We study the energy-efficiency gap between the link “BS-UAV-GUs” and the link “BS-GUs”, and jointly optimize UAV relay transmission power and flight radius to achieve the highest energy-efficiency. Firstly, the UAV/BS-GUs channels models and the UAV energy consumption model are built. Secondly, the optimization objective function is formulated to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Then, the solution of the optimization problem is divided into a two-step iteration process, in which the UAV relay transmission power and flight radius are adjusted to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Finally, the experimental results under different simulation scenarios (such as cities, forests, deserts, oceans, etc.) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can always find the optimal UAV relay transmission power and flight radius settings, and achieve the largest energy-efficiency gap. The convergency speed of the proposed algorithm is fast, and can obtain the optimal solution within only a few iterations.     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

Battery package design optimization for small electric aircraft

The increasing gross weight of electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) poses a challenge in practical applications. The range and endurance of the electric UAV are limited by the fixed mass of the battery package. In this work, a design optimization method for the battery package topology of small electric UAV is proposed to enhance the performance. To improve the accuracy of the method, the dynamic battery model and simplified electric component models are presented. These models are utilized by the trajectory optimization method, which takes the dynamic characteristic into consideration to calculate the aircraft performance. The direct optimal control method is used for solving the trajectory optimization problem, and this method is tested on a small blended-wing-body electric aircraft. The test result shows that the range and energy-consumption are mainly influenced by the parallel topology of the battery package, while the flight time in climb phase is more sensitive to the series topology. It is deduced that the range- and energy-optimal design points can be considered concurrently in design optimization. The work proves the feasibility of integrating the trajectory optimization and battery package design.     

域间路由协议IDRP的仿真建模

OPNET是目前业界公认的最优秀的通信网络、设施、协议的建模及仿真工具,在通信协议的设计优化和评估中得到广泛的应用。本文以航空电信网(ATN)中的域间路由协议IDRP为例,介绍了路由协议的建模方法,详细地描述了OPNET中进程模型建模的过程,以及IDRP模块中BIS-BIS连接子进程IDRP_CON的有限状态机实现。本文介绍的OPNET进程模型的一般开发方法对于其他路由协议进程模型的开发也有借鉴意义。     

Effect of errors on a contention-based TDMA protocol

A hybrid contention-based time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol was previously proposed for data transmission (D. Tsai et al., IEEE Trans. on Communications, COM-36, Feb. 1988, p.225-8). It provides satisfactory performance for an error-free channel. The effect of channel errors on the performance of this protocol is studied. To remain operational the protocol must be modified, and the modified protocol is then analyzed. Results derived include the average of frame length, the number of slots wasted, the number of residual packets, and delay. Numerical examples show that channel errors can sometime be damaging but can be recovered by proper error control codes     

MANET中一种新的基于多包接收的媒体接入控制协议

提出了一种新的基于多包接收的MANET媒体接入控制协议.该协议利用信道多包接收的特性,结合功率控制和协议的跨层设计,可选取信道增益较大的节点接入信道.实验结果表明,在业务量较大时,新协议在提高网络吞吐量的同时,减小了能量消耗.     

基于多令牌协议航电WDM光环网波长分配方法

 针对航空电子光网络的实时性问题,建立了航空电子波分复用(WDM)环网模型,以实时消息流矩阵作为网络的输入,依据静态光网络最小化波长数目的优化目标,提出了一种基于多令牌协议的光网络波长分配方法,并推导了航电光网络中光通道的端到端传输时延计算公式。通过对理论计算和仿真结果的分析,此协议下的波长分配方法在网络中可以实现波长重用,比传统环网的波长数目平均降低了58.1%,优化了波长数目,并且多令牌控制协议满足航空电子网络对消息实时性的要求。此方法对于航空电子光网络的设计与性能分析具有参考价值。     

基于OPNET的TDMA多路访问技术仿真研究

OPNET是一个功能强大的网络建模和仿真工具,在通信协议的设计、优化和评估中得到广泛的应用。文中详细介绍了用OPNET仿真实现TDMA多路访问技术的主要过程,仿真结果验证了协议的正确性和有效性。