Novel sliding mode controller for synchronous motor drive

A novel sliding mode controller with an integral-operation switching surface is proposed. Furthermore, an adaptive sliding mode controller is investigated, in which a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainties. The position control for a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous servo motor drive using the proposed control strategies is illustrated. The theoretical analysis and the theorems for the proposed sliding mode controllers are described in detail. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controllers provide high-performance dynamic characteristics and are robust with regard to plant parameter variations and external load disturbance     

Adaptive control for a sensorless permanent-magnet synchronousmotor drive

An adaptive velocity controller for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor without using shaft sensor is presented. Two line-to-line voltages and two stator currents are sensed to produce the flux position. The design part is concerned with the formulation of control algorithm for current-regulated pulsewidth modulated inverter and vector control strategy for speed loop. Under the vector control framework, self-tuning, model following, and model referencing adaptive control are applied to design for the speed-loop controllers. The implementational part integrates the control of current and speed loop using microprocessor-based controllers. Experimental case studies that correlate simulation and measurement results are provided. The experimental results validate the theoretical development. A new approach for designing advanced adaptive controller for a sensorless ac drive is provided     

飞机数字化全电刹车系统的设计

设计的飞机全电刹车系统,以四无刷直流电机驱动四滚珠丝杠布局的机电作动机架,取代了原来液压刹车的活塞阀门作动机架,电机通过传动装置驱动滚珠丝杠松刹刹车盘实现飞机的刹车。在硬件设计上,刹车控制器的CPU采用TI公司的电机及运动控制专用DSP2407,以满足对控制系统的性能要求;4台无刷直流电机的换相信号由可编程逻辑器件完成;对电机的驱动采用了MOSFET与栅极驱动芯片IR2130组成的功率驱动电路,实现了无刷直流电机的高效驱动。     

A fuzzy sliding-mode controller design for a synchronous reluctancemotor drive

A new method for controlling a synchronous reluctance drive system using a sliding mode with fuzzy controller design is presented. The fuzzy controller is used to adjust the sliding line of the sliding-mode controller. Using this method, the system has a fast response and a good disturbance rejection capability. In addition, the chattering of the speed is reduced. In this work, the mathematical model of the motor is described first. Then, the design procedures for a high performance drive system using a sliding mode with fuzzy control are explained. Next, the system enhanced by a high performance 32 bit digital signal processor (DSP) and simple hardware circuits is shown. Both the current-loop and speed-loop controllers are executed by the DSP. Finally, some experimental and computer simulation results are presented. The experimental results validate the simulation results     

Ground maneuver for front-wheel drive aircraft via deep reinforcement learning

The maneuvering time on the ground accounts for 10%–30% of their flight time, and it always exceeds 50% for short-haul aircraft when the ground traffic is congested. Aircraft also contribute significantly to emissions, fuel burn, and noise when taxiing on the ground at airports. There is an urgent need to reduce aircraft taxiing time on the ground. However, it is too expensive for airports and aircraft carriers to build and maintain more runways, and it is space-limited to tow the aircraft fast using tractors. Autonomous drive capability is currently the best solution for aircraft, which can save the maneuver time for aircraft. An idea is proposed that the wheels are driven by APU-powered (auxiliary power unit) motors, APU is working on its efficient point; consequently, the emissions, fuel burn, and noise will be reduced significantly. For Front-wheel drive aircraft, the front wheel must provide longitudinal force to tow the plane forward and lateral force to help the aircraft make a turn. Forward traction effects the aircraft’s maximum turning ability, which is difficult to be modeled to guide the controller design. Deep reinforcement learning provides a powerful tool to help us design controllers for black-box models; however, the models of related works are always simplified, fixed, or not easily modified, but that is what we care about most. Only with complex models can the trained controller be intelligent. High-fidelity models that can easily modified are necessary for aircraft ground maneuver controller design. This paper focuses on the maneuvering problem of front-wheel drive aircraft, a high-fidelity aircraft taxiing dynamic model is established, including the 6-DOF airframe, landing gears, and nonlinear tire force model. A deep reinforcement learning based controller was designed to improve the maneuver performance of front-wheel drive aircraft. It is proved that in some conditions, the DRL based controller outperformed conventional look-ahead controllers.     

基于非奇异快速终端滑模的永磁同步电机转速和电流控制

针对永磁同步电机在矢量控制中存在转速和电流频繁超调、稳态精度低、鲁棒性弱等问题,运用非奇异快速终端滑模控制器替代传统PI控制下的转速环控制器和电流环控制器,并采用李雅普诺夫函数证明了3个控制器的稳定性。借助MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件分析了采用非奇异快速终端滑模控制器和PI控制器的转速、电流响应波形。仿真结果表明:采用非奇异快速终端滑模控制器有更小的超调量、更高的稳态精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

Electromechanical flight actuators for advanced flight vehicles

The aircraft flight quantities and success of the mission depend to a great extent upon the actuator performance, and flight actuators must be designed to achieve the specified criteria. Electromechanical flight actuators driven by electric motors have begun to displace hydraulic technology in advanced flight vehicles. In aerospace application, permanent-magnet stepper motors are perfectly suited due to their efficiency and reliability, low volume-, weight-, and size-to-torque ratios, high power and torque densities, low cost and maintenance, simplicity and ruggedness, etc. Conventional open-loop stepper motor servos do not ensure the required accuracy and dynamic performance. An innovative method in motion control of advanced electromechanical flight actuators is developed, and nonlinear controllers are designed. The specified tracking accuracy, desired stability margins, microstepping capabilities, and disturbance attenuation are ensured by the robust nonlinear controllers synthesized. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results are documented to study the performance of flight actuators directly driven by stepper motors and to demonstrate the efficiency of control algorithms     

基于专家控制器的电动汽车感应电机弱磁区优化控制研究

由于感应电机驱动系统采用数字控制器和脉宽调制输出会伴随着数字延迟的问题,加之参数可能存在的扰动,使得传统的间接磁场定向控制方法在感应电机高速弱磁区的控制性能降低。针对此问题,提出了一种基于专家控制器和模糊推理机制的感应电机弱磁区优化控制策略。考虑到传统间接磁场定向控制中电流调节器在弱磁区若没有获得适合的电流参考指令,则可能会产生高频振荡乃至失稳。因此,在传统方法的基础上将转速闭环输出的电流参考先送入到专家控制器,专家控制器基于数据库和模糊推理,对电流参考进行修正,其中模糊推理机制基于简单的高斯函数逻辑实现。最后,构建了感应电机驱动试验平台,开展了电机在弱磁区的高速驱动试验,试验结果验证了新型控制策略的有效性。     

单片机的多机控制在装置艺术中的应用

介绍单片机的多机通信技术在控制步进电机中的应用.该系统以AT89C51单片机作为主机、以ATB9C2051单片机作为从机组成主从网络控制器.实现多台步进电机的起停、转向、调速、位置变化的控制.     

Adaptive controller design for a linear motor control system

Three different adaptive controllers for a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) position-control system are proposed. The proposed controllers include: a backstepping adaptive controller, a self-tuning adaptive controller, and a model reference adaptive controller. The detailed systematic controller design procedures are discussed. A PC-based position control system is implemented. Several experimental results including transient responses, load disturbance responses, and tracking responses of square-wave, sinusoidal-wave, and triangular-wave commands are discussed and compared. The proposed system has a good robustness performance even though the inertia of the system is increased to 10 times. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.     

基于单神经元算法的内嵌式永磁同步电机智能驱动控制

基于人工神经网络的内嵌式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)智能驱动控制性能要明显优于传统控制方法,但是存在计算量大和离线训练时间长的问题。针对该问题,提出了一种基于单神经元算法的IPMSM智能驱动控制策略。阐述了永磁同步电机的数学模型及电流转矩控制规律；并基于单神经元的控制原理,推导了驱动控制律,由于采用的是单神经元结构并设置了迭代算法的边界,因此达到了计算量减小和训练较少的效果。最后,搭建了小功率电机驱动试验平台开展了试验研究,并通过与传统PID控制的对比试验,验证了新型控制器的性能。     

采用两台微计算机的电力传动控制系统

 本系统采用了两台微型计算机并行工作。TMS320以极高速度实现各种算法,而以M68000为CPU的计算机系统则完成人机对话、系统管理及计算控制参数等任务。两者通过VME总线协调工作,实现对中功率电力传动装置的调速控制。本计算机系统将功能强两速度不够快的微机与速度快但功能弱的微机并行工作,使各发挥长。对于复杂而高速的数据处理或控制任务,是一个可供参考的计算机并行处理方案。     

无刷直驱型圆刀裁布机的控制系统设计

针对服装产业的发展需求,采用无刷直流电机(BLDCM)驱动技术研制出一种直驱型圆刀裁布机的控制系统,实现了综合性能的提升。设计由单片机及外围电路、功率及驱动电路、霍尔位置检测电路、操控电路和辅助电源组成的数字控制器硬件电路,根据直驱结构的BLDCM特性和整个裁布机的工作特点,分析设计转速闭环控制策略。通过负载测试试验证明,调速性能精确高效；通过堵转测试试验证明,堵转时的过流保护迅速可靠。     

直线电机位置伺服系统的增强复合非线性控制

针对高性能机电系统中常用的直线伺服电机,设计了一个能实现快速与准确的定点运动的位置控制器。控制器采用线性控制律与平滑非线性控制律相结合的方案,并利用一个降阶线性状态观测器对电机运动速度(未量测)加以估计。为了消除未知扰动带来的稳态误差,控制律中嵌入了积分控制作用。整个控制律采用全参数化设计,可实现动态增益控制,方便了在线参数整定与性能优化。控制方案应用于一个实际的永磁直线电机位置伺服系统,基于TMS320F28335 DSC进行了试验测试,结果表明系统能对各目标位置进行准确的跟踪,且具有理想的瞬态性能。     

Test results with the direct flux linkage control of synchronousmotors

Synchronous motors are important in large drives. The application of the direct flux linkage control (DFLC) in synchronous machine drives is examined. This control method guarantees the best possible dynamics for the drive. Torque steps the height of which correspond to the motor nominal torque are achieved within a few milliseconds     

基于Leader-Follower的多无人机编队轨迹跟踪设计

针对四旋翼无人机（UAV）群在轨迹跟踪过程中易受外界干扰而引起跟踪误差的问题，设计了基于Leader-Follower的多无人机协同编队轨迹跟踪控制方法。在该系统中，首先通过积分反步法（IBS）对所建四旋翼飞行器模型设计Leader无人机的轨迹跟踪控制器。其次设计了滑模控制（SMC）器，以控制Leader与Follower无人机实现期望的编队队形并同时跟踪参考轨迹。然后通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性，仿真结果表明，系统具有良好的控制精度。最后通过视觉定位系统进行实验，结果表明所设计的控制器能够实现多个无人机轨迹跟踪和编队控制，所设计的算法具有可行性。     

金属磁记忆自动扫描装置研制

研制了由计算机控制的磁记忆自动扫描装置，该装置在金属磁记忆检测中起到非常重要的作用。磁记忆扫描装置由硬件和控制软件组成，硬件部分包括步进电机、控制卡及驱动、高斯计和扫描嚣，扫描装置执行机构由步进电机驱动，可对同一工件进行多种方式的扫描；控制软件采用面向对象编程语言VB编制．为用户提供了可视化控制界面，方便用户控制硬件并对扫描结果进行分析。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

Design and implementation of a matrix converter PMSM drive without a shaft sensor

A novel controller design for a sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, which is fed by a matrix converter is proposed. First, a rotor position estimating technique is proposed to obtain the shaft angle of the motor. Next, a two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral (PI) controller, including a forward-loop controller and a load compensator, is proposed to improve the performance of the system. The whole drive system has satisfactory transient responses and load disturbance rejection abilities. In addition, the parameters of the PI controller are calculated by using a frequency-domain parameter optimization technique. Only simple algebraic computation is required. Finally, a 32-bit TMS320C40 digital signal processor is used to execute the sensorless technique and all of the control loops, including a current-loop and a speed-loop. Several simulated and experimental results are shown to validate the theoretical analysis.     

Nonlinear controller design for switched reluctance drive systems

A nonlinear speed-loop controller for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system is proposed. The details of the controller design and analysis are discussed. In addition, to extend the controllable speed range, the commutating angle of the drive system is suitably adjusted as the motor speed goes beyond base-speed. By using a 32-bit microprocessor, a fully digital drive system including a digital speed-loop controller and a digital current-loop controller is implemented here. The hardware circuit of the drive system is very simple. The system has satisfactory performance in both the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) region and the single pulse region. The adjustable speed range of the system is from 10 r/min to 3000 r/min. In addition, the proposed drive system performs well in tracking ability, load disturbance rejection capability, and robustness. Several experimental results are presented to validate the theoretic analysis.