基于三迭代与二阶锥规划的机载MIMO雷达稳健降维STAP方法

针对机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达空时自适应处理(STAP)中期望目标导向矢量的失配问题,提出一种基于三迭代(TRIA)与二阶锥规划(SOCP)的稳健降维MIMO-STAP方法。首先将MIMO-STAP权矢量分解为发射、接收、多普勒3个低维权矢量的Kronecker积,然后分别限定实际发射、接收、多普勒导向矢量与假定导向矢量之间的误差范数边界,通过优化最差性能,利用SOCP对各个低维权矢量进行三迭代求解,最后进行权矢量合成。该方法在保证机载MIMO雷达获取稳健STAP性能的同时,通过三迭代降维处理,能够有效降低训练样本数需求与运算复杂度,因此更具有实际应用价值。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

民用飞机甚高频通信天线设计

作为民用飞机甚高频(Very High Frequency,以下简称VHF)通信系统的重要组成部分,VHF通信天线不仅辐射和接收电磁波,还要进行能量转换。VHF通信天线的设计直接影响通信中射频能量的分布,进而影响通信质量和飞行安全。简要介绍了VHF通信系统,并在给出VHF通信天线设计要求的基础上,通过工程实例分析了VHF通信天线的设计过程,最后总结了VHF通信天线设计的特点。     

The Effect of Rotating Antennas and Signal Polarization on Doppler Shift

A study is made of a transmitting antenna spinning relative to a receiving antenna, showing that the received signal undergoes a phase shift which depends upon the relative orientation and the ellipticity conditions of the two antennas. It is shown that this phase shift is important in Doppler distance measuring equipment because it must not be confused with the phase shift caused by the changing distance between the antennas.     

基于电磁波三维结构向量的飞行器姿态估计

以电磁波三维空间结构向量为参照的飞行器姿态/航向测量研究，可弥补空间参照物缺乏，丰富空间飞行器姿态/航向测量工具。本文根据各缺损电磁矢量传感器姿态位置与接收信号之间的变化规律，建立飞行器载电磁矢量传感器阵列导向矢量。根据协同导航的多个信号空间谱和最大化，实现平台姿态/航向测量。飞行器多位置的多个传感器共同测量姿态可避免遮挡，获得更高姿态精度的同时拓展了系统的适用领域。接收电磁信息完备状态下，不需导航信号，测绘平稳的杂波就能作为姿态基准。仿真试验验证了姿态估计的有效性。     

Buried small objects detected by UWB GPR

A ground penetrating radar (GPR) using short-pulse is developed to detect small and shallow metal objects buried underground. A bistatic mode in which the GPR system uses separate transmitting and receiving antennas is applied. A modified fat dipole antenna is developed for the transmitting and receiving antennas. The prototype of the system is tested in the real environment and 2D visualization of raw data is achieved. We show that the developed system has a good ability to detect underground metal objects, and even small targets of several centimeters.     

On the Design of a Large Aperture Radar for Target Imaging

This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of an experimental radar, in which an electronically scanned X-band array is employed as the receiving antenna. Backscatter from targets uniformly illuminated from a separate transmitting antenna is intercepted by 128 horn antennas, unequally spaced over a nine-foot circular aperture. The received signals are processed electronically to provide a complete scan of a 30X30 degree field every ten milliseconds. Resulting target images were displayed on a cathode ray tube and recorded on 16-mm motion picture film, for varying conditions of target motion using monochromatic and frequency-modulated X-band illumination. Sequences of motion picture frames obtained from a rotating copper cone are presented, which demonstrate significant changes in the image and side-lobe interference patterns for small changes in target aspect angle. Side-lobe interference effects were reduced by integrating many antenna scans as the target rotated; a clear image of a foil letter R is presented that demonstrated this result. The main objective of this work was to test this radar technique as an approach to target recognition.     

Antenna array beam steering using time-varying weights

The author presents a new technique of steering an array antenna by introducing time-varying phase weights. It is shown that the technique is equivalent to placing a linear phase and linear frequency offset across the array when transmitting a linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform. The technique reduces array dispersion and increases the operating bandwidth. An element level signal generator is presented as a possible way of implementing the time-varying weights. A possible array implementation is also shown.<>     

星载DBF接收天线误差校正算法

 提出了一种改进的基于子空间的星载数字波束形成（DBF）接收天线的误差校正方法。根据阵列互耦效应主要取决于阵元间的几何距离这一特点,利用阵元空间排布的对称性简化了天线的互耦模型,将天线的互耦效应及射频(RF)通道失配统一为通道间的幅相不一致。通过在基带注入特定的阵内相位差降低了子空间算法的计算复杂度。在建立7单元正六边形平面阵仿真模型的基础上,分析不同信噪比(SNR)环境下校正算法的性能,经比较得出可以通过提高发射信号功率改善误差估计的精度,验证了算法的有效性。仿真分析结果表明该算法在卫星通信系统中有一定的工程应用价值。     

The untold Pearl Harbor radar story

Ever wonder what happened to the radar set that detected the Japanese aircraft before the raid on Pearl Harbor? This article reveals the fate of that SCR-270 radar set; describes some of the radar development background; and includes typical results of a World War II command, control and communications system that used the SCR-270 as its backbone radar. The SCR-270 was a radio-echo detection and direction finding set for locating aircraft. It operated by transmitting a short-duration pulse of high frequency radio waves, which would be reflected or re-radiated by any metallic or conducting surface within the field of the directive transmitting antenna; therefore, one or more aircraft within the antenna field appeared as a source of reflected radio waves. Rotating the antenna which also served as the receiving antenna, provided a means for determining the azimuth or direction of aircraft. The system measured the time it took a blip or reflected return from the target to appear on a cathode ray tube indicator, to give the distance or range to the detected aircraft. The maximum range of the radar was about 250 miles up to 50,000 feet under all atmospheric conditions including rain, mist, smoke or fog, and during daylight or darkness. The azimuth and range data supplied by the set permitted the plotting of the location of detected aircraft on maps. Major performance characteristics of the radar are provided in the included table     

Three-Axes Attitude Determination of Spacecraft Using a Laser

A new method for attitude determination of spacecraft is proposed. The distinctive feature of this method is the ability to determine with high accuracy three elementary angles of the attitude by detection of the electromagnetic wave transmission from a single point. The system consists of a transmitter of a linearly polarized laser beam on the earth (or spacecraft) and receiving equipment on a relevant spacecraft. When the system is used for geosynchronous satellites, the possible accuracies of determination are 10-4 rad or higher for the angles which correspond to roll and pitch, and 10-2 rad or higher for the angle which corresponds to yaw, with the period of 1 s. The system margin for atmospheric attenuation is estimated to be about 50 dB (midnight) to about 20 dB (midday) on the basis of commercially available components. Consequently, it becomes possible to orient antennas or detectors toward arbitrary points around the laser transmitting point on the earth with a high pointing accuracy.     

Active transmitting phased antenna arrays

The benefits of using transmitting phased array antennas for radar systems are examined. Accurate performance prediction for the transmitting phased array antennas requires theories describing both the antenna system and the power generation devices. These theories were created and applied to the design and performance evaluation of the Russian 3-D mobile solid-state surveillance radar 67N6E (GAMMA-DE), a PAA designed for long-range air defense.     

Ground penetrating radar VIY-2

VIY-2 ground penetrating radar (GPR) with unique sounding possibilities and use simplicity is presented at this paper. VIY-2 GPR combines all units (synchronizer, transmitting and receiving modules, powering, and antenna system) into single case. The VIY-2 GPR communicates with computer via standard interface RS232 or USB1.0. Technical solutions utilized by the VIY-2 GPR reduce deployment time and simplify surveying process. The VIY-2 GPR design features and its components interaction are considered at this paper. Some field results are also presented here. The VIY-2 GPR design concept allows reducing the data acquisition time,, optimizing the time-varying gain control function, applying depth-stacking dependence, controlling the surveying window position and interference reducing by pulse repetition frequency randomizing.     

Polarization Mismatch Errors in Radio Phase Interferometers

An analysis is presented which deals with the effects of polarization mismatch errors on the accuracy of a phase interferometer used for position location of unknown emitters relative to known calibration emitters. Closed-form expressions for the induced phase difference between interferometer antennas are derived for several combinations of receiving and transmitting antenna polarizations. Errors contributed by mechanical misalignment between antennas, as well as effects of power loss attributable to polarization mismatch, are also considered. The analysis leads to the conclusion that circularly polarized interferometer and transmitter antennas are best suited for the position location application, if it is assumed that polarization tracking of the interferometer antennas is not available. It is shown that a reasonable amount of ellipticity can be tolerated before the phase error becomes significant.     

机载卫星通信天线引导概率分析

针对某机载Ka频段卫星通信天线的使用环境,论述其天线角跟踪系统在捷联航姿设备引导下,天线主波束指向卫星目标位置的概率,分析影响天线角跟踪系统引导概率的主要因素,通过消减系统中大误差源保证了天线引导概率,通过扩展主波束指向空域提高了目标落入概率。计算数据和试验验证表明,给出的分析方法可行,设计策略有效。     

北斗星座仿真的单天线姿态确定技术研究

载体姿态测量的实际需要和多天线姿态测量的局限性决定了单天线姿态测量系统拥有广泛的发展前景。分析了单天线测姿的应用价值和基本原理,从我国的具体国情出发,提出了基于北斗卫星星座仿真的单天线姿态确定技术研究的方法。利用STK平台对目前组网运行的北斗卫星星座和理想的北斗满卫星星座进行了仿真,利用Matlab平台进行了实验,仿真实验结果和误差分析表明,北斗卫星星座仿真的单天线姿态确定技术在适用条件和测姿准确性等方面效果理想,在一定精度要求下满足应用需要,对建立实用可靠的单天线测姿具有积极的推动作用。     

A Combined Programmed and Adaptive Null Steering Technique

The described method of antenna null steering makes use of calibrated and stored weight distributions for each solid angle increment of a radar search volume. Based upon direction measurement to an interference source, the appropriate weight distributions are calculated for each relative antenna position. In addition to the programmed part an adaptive inner loop is included for fine null adjustment. The major parameters and characteristics of the null steering technique are studied and evaluated through computer simulation programs.     

定向通信系统天线波束指向误差分析

对影响定向通信系统天线波束指向误差的因素进行了分析,给出了一种特殊情形下波束指向误差与姿态角的关系式,同时给出了一般情形下基于最小二乘估计的波束指向误差与姿态角关系的推导方法.给出的关系式和方法对分析定向通信系统波束指向误差提供了理论依据,有助于评估定向通信系统的波束对准情况.     

采用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器自适应姿态跟踪和稳定控制研究

研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs)为主执行机构的卫星功率/姿态一体化控制(IPACS)问题。针对卫星的三轴稳定控制和相对惯性系的姿态跟踪问题分别设计了两类自适应控制器,二者都考虑了执行机构的动力学特性,并进行了稳定性的证明。其中前者采用相对姿态描述,可以避免三轴稳定飞行中因惯性姿态旋转方向的选择而引起的控制力矩突变;后者采用改进的罗得里格斯参数(MRPs)描述姿态,简化了控制器设计过程并避免了运动学奇异。对姿态误差的描述,前者采用小姿态角假设下的偏差形式,后者采用现时姿态与期望姿态之间的方向余弦矩阵,更具有合理性。设计了能够逃离奇异、并具有轮速平衡功能的VSCMGs的操纵律,并应用磁力矩器为VSCMGs进行动量卸载。最后,通过两个算例进行了仿真,验证了所设计系统的可行性和有效性。