Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.     

Numerical simulation and transonic wind-tunnel test for elastic thin-shell structure considering fluid–structure interaction

Aerodynamic force can lead to the strong structural vibration of flying aircraft at a high speed. This harmful vibration can bring damage or failure to the electronic equipment fixed in aircraft. It is necessary to predict the structural dynamic response in the design course. This paper presents a new numerical algorithm and scheme to solve the structural dynamics responses when considering fluid–structure interaction(FSI). Numerical simulation for a free-flying structural model in transonic speed is completed. Results show that the small elastic deformation of the structure can greatly affect the FSI. The FSI vibration tests are carried out in a transonic speed windtunnel for checking numerical theory and algorithms, and the wind-tunnel test results well accord with that of the numerical simulation. This indicates that the presented numerical method can be applied to predicting the structural dynamics responses when containing the FSI.     

Damping of Ni-Mn-Ga epoxy resin composites

By combining the advantages of effcient damping and high mechanical properties,Ni-Mn-Ga particle composites have a very good prospect for applications in damping structure design.In this paper,a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga composite is prepared.Ni-Mn-Ga particle/bisphenol-A epoxy composite cantilever beam vibration tests under a magnetic feld and without the magnetic feld are conducted to analyze the structural damping ratios n.Meanwhile,the damping characteristics of the Ni-Mn-Ga composite are studied through the axial loading-unloading method and the acoustic emission signals method.The damping coeffcient of the composite for different Ni-Mn-Ga volume fractions is obtained.The interface properties of the composite are discussed by micro examination and axial loading.The relationships between the damping of the composite and that of the component materials are discussed.The specifc damping capacity（SDC）and acoustic emission counts diagram of different specimens with different Ni-Mn-Ga volume fractions are analyzed.     

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DIGITAL SIMULATION OF TURBOJET ACCELERATION

The acceleration performance of a turbojet is one of its important characteristics. In terms of control system, the engine is a controlled object. The acceleration performance not only depends on the engine, but also on the controller; therefore both the engine and the controller must be combined in a control system to make research for this performance. This paper presents a mathematical model of the turbojet acceleration control system and digital simulation method. Because the engine acceleration is a large variation transient process, the models of the engine and the controller are described by nonlinear equations. The methods of solving nonlinear equations and iterative techniques of calculating acceleration control system are discussed in this paper. The calculated results, as compared with test results, show that the simulation for this system is satisfactory.     

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

Multi-parameter decoupling and slope tracking control strategy of a large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin

A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic control of the temperature–pressure two-parameter and overcome the control difficulties inherent to a large inertia lag link with a complex control system which is composed of turbine refrigeration device, vacuum device and liquid nitrogen cooling device. The system includes multi-parameter decoupling of the cabin itself to avoid equipment damage of air refrigeration turbine caused by improper operation. Based on analysis of the dynamic characteristics and modeling for variations in temperature, pressure and rotation speed, an intelligent controller was implemented that includes decoupling and fuzzy arithmetic combined with an expert PID controller to control test parameters by decoupling and slope tracking control strategy. The control system employed centralized management in an open industrial ethernet architecture with an industrial computer at the core. The simulation and field debugging and running results show that this method can solve the problems of a poor anti-interference performance typical for a conventional PID and overshooting that can readily damage equipment. The steady-state characteristics meet the system requirements.     

PI controller relay auto-tuning using delay and phase margin in PMSM drives

This paper presents an auto-tuning method for a proportion plus integral（PI） controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor（PMSM） drives, which is supposed to be embedded in electro-mechanical actuator（EMA） control module in aircraft. The method, based on a relay feedback with variable delay time, explores different critical points of the system frequency response.The Nyquist points of the plant can then be derived from the delay time and filter time constant.The coefficients of the PI controller can then be obtained by calculation while shifting the Nyquist point to a specific position to obtain the required phase margin. The major advantage of the autotuning method is that it can provide a series of tuning results for different system bandwidths and damping ratios, corresponding to the specification for delay time and phase margin. Simulation and experimental results for the PMSM controller verify the performance of both the current loop and the speed loop auto-tuning.     

Design and implementation of five-axis transformation function in CNC system

To implement five-axis functions in CNC system, based on domestic system Lan Tian series, an improved design method for the system software structure is proposed in this paper. The numerical control kernel of CNC system is divided into the task layer and the motion layer. A five-axis transformation unit is integrated into the motion layer. After classifying five-axis machines into different types and analyzing their geometry information, the five-axis kinematic library is designed according to the abstract factory pattern. Furthermore, by taking CA spindle- tilting machine as an example, the forward and the inverse kinematic transformations are deduced. Based on the new software architecture and the five-axis kinematic library, algorithms of RTCP （rotation tool center point control） and 3D radius compensation for end-milling are designed and realized. The milling results show that, with five-axis functions based on such software struc- ture, the instructions with respect to the cutter＇s position and orientation can be directly carried out in the CNC system.     

An intelligent control method for a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin

The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.     

An active damping vibration control system for wind tunnel models

In wind tunnels, long cantilever sting support systems with low structural damping encounter flow separation and turbulence during wind tunnel tests, which results in destructive low-frequency and big-amplitude resonance, leading to data quality degradation and test envelope limitation. To ensure planed test envelope and obtain high-quality data, an active damping vibration control system independent of balance signal based on stackable piezoelectric actuators and velocity feedback using accelerometer, is proposed to improve the support stability and wind tunnel testing safety in transonic wind tunnel. Meanwhile, a design of powerful sting-root embedded active damping device is given and an active vibration control method is presented based on the mechanism analysis of aircraft model vibration. Furthermore, a self-adaptive fuzzy Proportion Differentiation(PD) control model is proposed to realize control parameters adjustment automatically for various testing conditions. Besides, verification tests are performed in laboratory and a continuous transonic wind tunnel. Experimental results indicate that the aircraft model does not vibrate obviously from -4° to 11° at Ma = 0.6, the number of useable angle-of-attack has increased by 7° at Ma = 0.6 and 5° at Ma = 0.7 respectively, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests.     

低控制电压的杂交阻尼

提出一种用多层压电片和约束阻尼层在低控制电压下进行结构振动的杂交阻尼控制方式。基于各种材料的本构关系,导出了多层压电片作用在梁结构上的力和所施加的电压以及结构的运动之间的耦合关系和系统的控制微分方程。讨论了多层压电片附加位置的优化。仿真计算表明,这种杂交阻尼控制方式有着良好的振动抑制效果和较低的控制电压。     

柔性悬臂梁振动主动控制实验研究

以压电陶瓷为作动器，并采用独立模态控制法，对冲击载荷作用下的大柔度悬臂梁前三阶模态进行了振动主动控制研究。实验结果表明，使用独立模态控制方法，能有效地抑制悬臂梁的振动，控制效果非常明显。采用模态滤波和相移控制器进行模态分离和相位调节，可获得最大结构阻尼，取得良好的动态控制效果。     

基于多边形膜片弹簧与压电致动器复合的一体化主被动Stewart减振系统

随着遥感卫星光学成像设备等精度的不断提升,其对振动环境的要求也在不断提高,简单的线性被动Stewart平台已经无法满足苛刻使用要求。提出了一种新型基于多边形膜片弹簧与压电致动器复合的一体化主被动Stewart减振平台,其单自由度元件主要由多边形膜片弹簧、压电致动器、力传感器以及柔性铰链组成。相较于传统线性隔振器存在的高静刚度和低动刚度之间的固有结构矛盾,所提出的多边形膜片弹簧作为隔振器的关键原件,兼具高静-低动（HSLD）特性,能够使隔振系统同时具备较高的静态刚度进行静态承载以及较低的动刚度进行动态减振。为了降低被动隔振系统中存在的共振峰幅值,本文在被动膜片弹簧元件的基础上串联一个压电致动器与力传感器组成的主动控制元件进行主动振动控制。仿真结果表明,采用比例积分力（PIF）反馈控制算法的主动控制系统,在频域上不仅可以通过积分力环节搭建出天棚阻尼的效果来降低共振峰峰值（11.19 dB）,而且其比例-力环节可等效为增大了质量矩阵项,能够有效降低减振系统的固有频率（20.9 Hz）,拓宽其减振带宽,并同时能维持高频段的高衰减性,在时域上也能够将系统的加速度振动幅值从±0.6g降低至±0.07g,振动衰减达88%。     

一种磁性并联低刚度隔振器

为了能够抑制低频微幅振动,提出了一种磁性并联低刚度隔振器,其由固支的承载梁和磁性弹簧并联构成.其中,磁性弹簧由4个永磁体对组成,每个永磁体对中的两块永磁体相吸配置,并在梁上对称均布;利用等效电流法对永磁体进行建模,根据安培定律给出了永磁体之间磁力的计算表达式,最后通过曲线拟合得到了其近似表达式;分析讨论了梁的等效刚度计算方法,进而得到了所提出的隔振系统的等效刚度计算方法;在不考虑系统非线性影响时,对该隔振系统进行了隔振特性分析及数值仿真.结果表明:与传统的线性隔振器相比,该隔振器能够有效地隔离低频振动,降低隔振系统的固有频率,从而拓宽了隔振器的隔振频带,并改善了系统的阻尼特性,有效地降低了共振区域的共振峰值.      

Multi-mode optimal fuzzy active vibration control of composite beams laminated with photostrictive actuators

Firstly, a multi-field coupling finite element formulation of composited beam laminated with the photostrictive actuators is developed in this paper. Moreover, an optimal fuzzy active control algorithm is also proposed on the basis of the combination of optimal control and fuzzy one.This method opens a new avenue to resolve the contradiction between the linear system control method and nonlinear actuating characteristics of photostrictive actuators. The desired control for suppressing multi-modal vibration of photoelectric laminated beam is firstly obtained through optimal control and then the fuzzy control is used to approach the desired mechanical strain induced by photostrictive actuators. Thus, the multi-mode vibration control of beam is realized.In the design process of optimal fuzzy controller, the design of fuzzy control is independent of optimal control. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method can effectively realize multi-modal vibration control of photoelectric laminated beams, and the control effect of optimal fuzzy control is better than that of optimal state feedback control.     

航空发动机承力结构系统阻尼减振设计方法

针对典型高推质比涡扇发动机承力结构系统,提出了干摩擦阻尼减振的结构振动控制方法:在不损失支承刚度的前提下,于承力结构上设计具有动力吸振作用的干摩擦阻尼器,增强转子支承结构系统在宽频域内的阻尼特性,实现在工作转速频率内对承力结构振动响应的有效控制。通过理论分析和仿真计算,确定了干摩擦阻尼器结构特征及摩擦接触条件对减振效果的影响规律，并提出了承力结构阻尼减振的设计思路与流程。结果表明:干摩擦阻尼器可通过接触摩擦消耗承力框架的振动能量，合理设计阻尼器的摩擦因数和爪宽将进一步优化减振效果，算例中轴承座局部共振幅值衰减超过1个量级。      

智能桁架结构局部力和速度复合反馈振动控制研究

研究利用压电主动构件实现智能桁架结构振动阻尼控制的技术。控制策略采用局部积分力和局部速度复合反馈,将测量的压电主动构件弹性内力和两端节点的相对速度,经控制器放大复合后得到压电主动构件的驱动电压,实现智能桁架结构阻尼控制的目的。这种控制方法具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。通过一个空间桁架结构的振动阻尼控制实验,结果表明该控制方法是有效的。     

Vibration analysis and control technologies of hydraulic pipeline system in aircraft: A review

Vibrations in aircraft hydraulic pipeline system, due to multi-source excitation of high fluid pressure fluctuation and serious vibration environment of airframe, can cause the pipeline system vibration failures through overload in engineering field. Controlling the vibrations in hydraulic pipeline is a challenging work to ensure the flight safety of aircraft. The common vibration control technologies have been demonstrated to be effective in typical structures such as aerospace structures, shipbuilding structures, marine offshore structures, motor structures, etc. However, there are few research literatures on vibration control strategies of aircraft hydraulic pipeline. Combining with the development trend of aircraft hydraulic pipeline system and the requirement of vibration control technologies, this paper provides a detailed review on the current vibration control technologies in hydraulic pipeline system. A review of the general approaches following the passive and active control technologies are presented, which are including optimal layout technique of pipeline and clamps, constrained layer damping technique, vibration absorber technique, hydraulic hose technique, optimal pump structure technique, and active vibration control technique of pipeline system. Finally, some suggestions for the application of vibration control technologies in engineering field are given.     

多阶复合振动的模糊推理移相控制研究

针对空间柔性结构阻尼小、非线性以及不确定性等特点,采用模糊推理智能控制方法,对柔性结构多阶频率的振动进行控制。结果表明,模糊推理智能控制对于非线性、不确定性结构的振动控制较为有效,控制精度较高,并有较强的鲁棒性和稳定性。