飞机着陆系统的现状与发展

论述了仪表着陆系统(ILS)、微波着陆系统(MLS)的作用及应用前景和主要优缺点。提出在未来MLS系统逐步取代ILS系统的过程中,ILS／MLS组合着陆系统导航设备的应用与发展。     

简讯

加拿大追随美国撤消微波着陆系统加拿大政府将与主承包商“微波导航国际公司”谈判,中止它的微波着陆系统(MLS)合同。加运输部长道格拉斯·扬说,加拿大正致力于继续使用仪表着陆系统,尽量延长其使用时间,然后计划改用星基着陆设备。扬认为,加能保护仪表着陆系统的完整性至少到2005年,也许能满足国际上的要求。国际民航组织正在制     

微波着陆信息处理系统研究

微波着陆信息处理系统是MLS机载设备在研制、生产和维修过程中必不可少的一种专用测试设备,文中论述了研究微波着陆信息处理系统的必要性,并从硬件结构上说明了微波着陆信息处理系统的工作原理。     

微波着陆系统（MLS）场地模型

本文讨论建立微波南系统场地模型的基本原则和方法，并进行了计算机仿真，场地模型在微波着陆系统场地设计和运行验证中是很重要的。     

第一视角飞行模式设计与无人机着陆试验研究

设计了一种第一视角飞行模式,同时观察图像与导航数据来控制无人机飞行并实现着陆.第一视角飞行是一种基于无人机上加装无线图像传输设备,在地面看屏幕操控无人机的操作模式.无人机操纵员通过观察前视探测器拍摄的图像和导航数据控制遥控器,地面控制站捕捉遥控器的输出信号并把该信号通过数据链传至机载飞控系统,从而实现对无人机的控制.该飞行模式的实现,提高了无人机飞行的机动性,突破了小型无人机只能在本场着陆的限制,使无人机可以在远离本场情况下安全着陆.     

波音737-800型飞行模拟机运动系统及故障排除

飞行模拟机在地面模拟飞机的空中飞行和地面运动,是典型的人在回路实时仿真系统和虚拟现实的应用实例.作为载体的并联六自由度运动系统是飞行模拟机重要的组成部分,为飞行员提供起飞着陆及空中飞行过程中的运动感觉,是由数字计算机实时控制并能提供俯仰、滚转、偏航、升降、纵向平移和侧向平移的六自由度瞬时过载的仿真设备.     

深航、海航、川航公布机票超售补偿方案

11月27日，空客A320系列飞机获得欧洲航空安全局（EASA）批准采用微波着陆系统（MLS）进行三类b盲降．从而使机场可以允许飞机在能见度很低的条件下，进行精确着陆，决策高度低于15米。这是商用飞机首次获得此类批准。微波着陆系统是一种新型精确进近和着陆系统。采用微波着陆系统可以增加机场起降密度，在不利的天气条件下，     

民用飞机着陆系统安全性评估的故障树分析

飞机着陆系统是保障飞机安全进近着陆的关键系统,如何评估着陆系统满足安全性设计要求是系统设计的重要环节之一。阐述民用飞机安全性评估的基本流程,以微波着陆系统为例,针对给定的微波着陆系统框图,通过故障树分析方法,对完全丧失两侧微波着陆信息的失效状态进行定量评估,重点详述建树过程和建树方法。结果表明:故障树分析对系统架构的设计具有重要的指导作用,二者紧密结合、相互反馈;特别是当失效状态所对应的概率要求无法满足时,借助故障树分析产生的割集报告,能找出系统架构存在的薄弱之处和关键部位,从而采取有效的应对措施,完成对系统架构的优化设计。     

组合着陆系统(ILS/MLS)的发展前景

论述了ILS(仪表着陆系统)的作用及其应用前景,ILS的主要优缺点;MLS(微波着陆系统)的作用及其应用前景,MLS的主要优缺点,及在我军目前着陆保障中发挥的作用;提出在不久的将来,MLS将完全取代ILS,并在一个比较长的时间内二者并存的局面,因此,在这一特定的阶段,满足ILS和MLS功能的组合着陆设备将有很大的发展空间.     

FAA进行采用GPS的3类着陆试验

威尔科克斯公司和E系统公司将开始试飞两种不同的增强差分GPS(DGPS)系统,试图验证系统能否达到3类仪表着陆所需的精度。即将进行的试验是FAA验证GPS可作为微波着陆系统(MLS)的富有生命力的替代方案的大量工作的一部分,FAA在70年代研制过用来取代长期在使用的仪表着陆系统(ILS)的微波着陆系统(MLS)。     

Microwave Landing System Area Navigation

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) states that the Time Reference Scanning Beam (TRSB) Microwave Landing System will supplant the existing Instrument Landing System (ILS) as the recognized international standard as early as 1995. The MLS provides the ability to determine the aircraft's position in three dimensional space over a large coverage volume in the airport terminal area. This affords the capability to navigate and execute approaches throughout this volume of coverage. This technique is known as Microwave Landing System Area Navigation (MLS RNAV). In order to assess and further develop the potential capabilities of MLS RNAV, the FAA Technical Center has undertaken the tasks of performing analytical studies, as well as the development of a prototype MLS RNAV system.     

Microwave Landing System

The National Microwave Landing Systems (MLS) program is a joint DOT/DOD/NASA effort to implement a common civil/military precision landing system to replace the current Instrument Landing System (ILS). The MLS will be capable of providing precision landing guidance down to Category III minimum while allowing for complex approach paths in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The system is based on the Time Reference Scanning Beam (TRSB) technique which was selected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in April 1978 as the new international landing system standard. MLS is less susceptible to interference from the surrounding area and provides a greater signal coverage area than ILS.     

飞机着陆时的容错导航

研究了飞机在微波着陆环境中的传感器容错系统。该系统的主要目的是检测辅助导航设备和机载传感器的故障,并在这些传感器可能发生故障时提供可靠的飞机状态估计值。自动导航和控制系统利用这些状态估计控制和引导飞机按预定路线降落。     

基于CBR的民用飞机维修决策系统研究

基于CBR的智能维修决策技术,可以为新型国产飞机维修大纲制订人员提供有用的决策信息,提高制定飞机维修大纲的智能化水平和效率。研究的核心问题就是基于CBR的维修任务和维修间隔制订方法,它们为维修决策支持系统提供理论指导与核心算法。最后开发了基于CBR、以SQL Server作为后台数据库管理系统的民用飞机维修决策系统,并以新舟600（MA600）飞机ATA32起落架系统组件为实例进行验证,效果良好。     

Channel Measurement/Modeling for Airport Surface Communications: Mobile and Fixed Platform Results

We provide examples of measurement and modeling results for wireless channel characteristics around airport surface areas. This is done for three settings: two mobile settings and one non-mobile setting, in the 5 GHz Microwave Landing System extension band. New findings, useful for communication system design in this environment, are reported.     

High accuracy navigation and landing system using GPS/IMU systemintegration

In this paper, the accuracy, integrity and continuity of function requirements for automatic landing systems using satellite navigation systems are discussed. Such a landing system is the integrated navigation and landing system (INLS) developed by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA/Ulm, Germany). The system concepts of the INLS are presented. It is shown how an INLS, based on system integration of a satellite navigation system (e.g., GPS) in realtime differential mode with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the accuracy class of an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), can meet the requirements: the results given are mainly devoted to the accuracy issues. Using Kalman filter techniques, an in-flight calibration of the IMU is performed. The advantage of system integration, especially in dynamic flight conditions and during phases of flight with satellite masking, is explained. The accuracy, integrity and continuity of function of the INLS were proven by means of flight tests in a commuter aircraft using a laser tracker as a reference. These flight tests have shown that the short-term accuracy (<60 seconds) of the AHRS used within the INLS has been improved from low cost sensor quality to the accuracy of a high quality laser inertial navigation system (LNIS). With the presented INLS, a landing at any airfield, not equipped with conventional Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Microwave Landing System (MLS), is possible by using a very cost effective system. The INLS is a high accuracy navigation and landing system designed to be used instead of conventional landing systems at small airfields and to fill operational gaps of conventional navigation and landing systems in cruise and approach on large airports     

最小生理噪声进场航迹飞行管理方法

 微波着陆系统MLS的最优航迹计算以减小居民最敏感的生理噪声为基本优化性能准则,用感觉噪声级Sone为单位。计算了考虑了噪声传播时温度、风梯度、沿进场航迹附近区域生活居民区分布位置及密度等影响。通过对杜塞尔道夫-罗奥申航空港计算结果证实,使航空港附近居民的平均有效感觉生理噪声级(Sone)较原有Jeppesen标准方式降低了20％以上。     

LS Localizer Multipath Analysis

The scattering effect of structures on Instrument Landing System localizer signals is analyzed in this paper. A generalized computer program results which can be used to determine the reflection from surfaces of most materials and orientations for which the radius of curvature is large compared with the wavelength. For most reflecting walls, a closed form solution is used and the computation time is short. The program will enable users to determine the placement of hangars, towers, etc., in airports and to find ways to reduce their effect on localizer facilities.