引入材料参数的弯管中性层偏移解析模型

中性层偏移是表征管材弯曲内外侧不均匀变形程度的关键参数。基于弯管截面力矩平衡条件,建立了引入材料参数的管材弯曲变形中性层偏移解析模型,针对管材数控绕弯和压弯过程对所建模型从多个方面进行了评估,研究了不同几何和材料等管材本征参数下的管材弯曲中性层偏移规律。结果表明:应用于TA18钛管数控绕弯,发现所建解析模型与已有解析方法预测精度相当,但能考虑材料参数影响,且相较于有限元模拟,本文解析模型更接近实验结果;应用于A6063铝合金管和AZ31镁合金管压弯过程,并与Hasegawa解析方法相较,发现本文解析模型能够准确预测拉压不对称对压弯中性层偏移的影响;弯曲半径减小,弯管直径增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动;拉压屈服强度比减小,厚向异性指数增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动。     

CP3薄壁焊管数控弯曲成形有限元分析

根据焊接管材的特点,通过母材试样和包含焊缝及焊缝热影响区的混合试样的单向拉伸试验以及混合试样横截面的显微硬度测试,基于拉伸过程的等应变假设和混合法则,得到了CP3焊管母材、焊缝以及焊缝热影响区的材料拉伸应力应变关系.进而建立了薄壁CP3钛管数控弯曲有限元模型,分析了弯曲参数对焊管弯曲结果的影响,比较了均质管模型和焊管模...     

针刺陶瓷基复合材料损伤本构模型及构件应力分析

基于连续介质损伤力学方法提出了适用于针刺陶瓷基复合材料的各向异性损伤本构模型.该模型考虑了拉伸与剪切损伤的影响.通过试验得到了材料的拉伸和剪切的应力-应变曲线,采用曲线拟合获得了本构模型的参数.应用用户子程序技术将本构模型写入商用有限元软件,计算所得拉伸和剪切的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线比较吻合,最大误差分别为5.62%和1.47%.使用该损伤本构模型及弹性模型计算了航空发动机尾喷管调节片在气动和温度载荷下的力学响应,两者计算所得应力分布相似,但损伤本构模型计算值明显小于弹性模型计算值.      

大直径铝合金薄壁管轴压加载数控弯曲成形特性(英文)

实现不起皱条件下管材壁厚减薄的控制,是提高大直径铝合金薄壁管数控弯曲成形极限和质量的关键问题。在管端施加轴向压缩载荷将可能成为实现上述目标的一个途径。在本研究中,基于动力显式有限元法建立了轴压加载数控弯管过程模拟的三维弹塑性有限元模型,并通过多指标正交试验设计,获得了成形参数组合的合理范围,克服了轴压加载弯曲时管端的轴向压缩失稳现象,同时模型可靠性得到了实验的验证。将有限元模型与起皱能量预测模型相结合,研究了轴压加载下大直径薄壁小弯曲半径铝合金管数控弯曲的成形特性。结果表明:(1)管直径越大且弯曲半径越小,弯曲过程中管材的最大切向压应力区被诱发切向拉应力区分割越明显,则轴压加载减小减薄的作用越小,管端发生压缩失稳的可能性越大。(2)与无轴压加载弯曲过程相比,轴压加载下管材起皱可能性在成形前期较大,在成形后期较小。(3)对于尺寸因子小于80的管材,轴压加载减小管材壁厚减薄的作用大于轴压加载增大起皱的作用。     

航空薄壁回转体零件热处理残余应力的建模与仿真

航空薄壁回转体零件由于自身结构的特殊性,使得残余应力对其变形和精度稳定性有着很大的影响.采用热弹塑性有限元模型对薄壁回转体铝合金零件的热处理过程进行建模和仿真,运用有限元软件,对2A12铝合金薄壁回转体零件热处理过程瞬态温度场和应力场进行模拟,分析了热处理各个阶段的应力分布形态,并进行实验验证,数值模拟得到的残余应力值与实验结果基本一致.     

TA15 合金高温应力松弛和流变应力行为

对TA15合金进行600～ 700℃下的应力松弛试验和675～800℃下的单向拉伸试验,研究其应力松弛行为的特征及影响因素,得出TA15合金在高温下的流变应力行为规律.结果表明,在600 ～ 700℃下TA15合金应力松弛行为可以分为两个阶段:第一阶段为应力松弛过程前100 s,试样内的残余应力快速下降;第二阶段残余应力下降缓慢,经过1 500s后剩余应力基本不变,趋向于某一个极限值;温度对应力松弛影响很大,温度越高,应力松弛越快;初应力、预应变、轧制方向对应力松弛影响不大,且随温度的升高影响变小.在675 ～800℃下TA15合金流变应力随温度的升高而降低,通过对单拉试验数据进行拟合,得出TA15合金流动应力符合第一类本构方程.     

基于应变速率循环法的TA15钛合金超塑性本构方程

采用应变速率循环法对TA15钛合金进行三组高温超塑性拉伸试验,变形温度区间为850~950℃,应变速率循环区间为5×10-6~5×10-4s-1。分析拉伸试验数据后,计算出TA15钛合金动态再结晶激活能Q,结合金相组织分析得出其热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶的结论;并利用Arrhenius模型构建超塑性本构方程,应用origin数据处理软件进行数据分析,求得TA15钛合金高温条件下的超塑性本构方程。运用1stopt软件修正了该本构方程,使其精度达到99.3%。结果表明,TA15钛合金的流动应力对变形温度较为敏感,随着温度的升高,流变应力逐渐减小,软化机制愈发明显,且在900℃附近的超塑性较好,伸长率达到了846%。     

宽温域柔性接头弹性件本构模型适用性研究

针对宽温域丁异戊橡胶弹性件开展了-55、-40、20、65℃下的单轴拉伸试验与剪切试验,研究其在不同温度下本构模型的适用性,验证了本构模型由一种变形对其他变形的预测能力,在此基础上采用有限元方法分析了各模型的计算误差,确定了丁异戊橡胶在不同温度不同应变下所适用的本构模型。结果表明,阶数越高的本构模型预测能力越差,低阶的Neo-Hookean模型预测能力最好,同时在丁异戊橡胶弹性件的有限元计算中,-55～20℃本构模型采用Yeoh模型与三阶五项式模型最好,20～65℃采用Yeoh模型计算精度最高。     

不同圆角过渡的3A21铝合金矩形管弯曲壁厚变化与损伤研究

为获得不同圆角过渡3A21铝合金薄壁矩形管弯曲的壁厚变化和损伤情况,采用弹性模量变化法,通过对拉伸进行试样反复加载、卸载试验,获取了Lemaitre断裂准则中的损伤参数。基于ABAQUS/Explicit的VUMAT二次开发平台,开发了耦合Lemaitre准则的用户材料子程序,建立了相同弯曲半径条件下不同圆角过渡的矩形管弯曲损伤预测三维有限元模型,并对模型的可靠性进行了验证。基于所建模型,研究发现管材壁厚减薄率与损伤最大值均出现在弯曲后截面50°左右,并且管材截面的圆角半径越小,其弯曲后中性层外侧壁厚减薄越严重,损伤值越大,即管材截面形状越趋向于矩形,弯曲过程中越容易发生破裂。     

薄壁构件单面铣削残余应力变形有限元模拟与试验研究

提出了基于残余应力分层加载的残余应力变形仿真流程,建立了薄壁构件加工残余应力引起变形的有限元模型,对预测的变形值进行分析并得到了变形规律。通过GH4169薄壁构件单面铣削试验,对残余应力变形进行了测试,与有限元模拟结果相比,数值模拟结果具有较高的准确性。     

Forming Characteristics of Al-alloy Large-diameter Thin-walled Tubes in NC-bending Under Axial Compressive Loads

Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

A Study on Multi-defect Constrained Bendability of Thin-walled Tube NC Bending Under Different Clearance

Thin-walled tube numerical control (NC) bending is a tri-nonlinear physical process with multi-defect and multi-die constraints. The clearance on each contact interface is the major factor to indicate the contact conditions. A three-dimensional-finite element (3D-FE) model is established to consider the realistic dynamic boundary conditions of multiple dies under ABAQUS/Explicit platform. Combined with experiment, numerical study on bending behavior and bendability under different clearance between tube and various dies is conducted in terms of wrinkling, wall thinning and cross section deformation. The results show that (1)with smaller clearance of tube-wiper die and tube-mandrel, the wrinkling can be restrained while the wall thinning It and cross-section deformation Id increase; while excessive small clearance blocks tube materials to flow past tangent point and causes piles up, the onset of wrinkling enhances It and Id. (2)Both It and Id decrease with smaller clearance of tube-pressure die; the wrinkling possibility rises with larger clearance on this interface if the mandrel’s freedom along Y-axis is opened; smaller clearance of tube-bend die prevents wrinkling while increases It, and the clearance on this interface has little effect on Id. (3)A modified Yoshida buckling test (YBT) is used to address the wrinkling mechanisms under normal constraints in tube bending: the smaller clearance may restrain wrinkling efficiently; the smaller wall thickness, the less critical clearance needed; the critical clearance for tube bending 38 mm×1 mm×57 mm (tube outer diameter×wall thickness×centerline bending radius) equals about 20% of initial wall thickness.     

模具约束条件对H96黄铜双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响

 双脊矩形管的绕弯成形受内外侧模具的共同约束,不同模具约束下管坯的受力不同,使得其截面变形情况也不相同,而截面变形严重地影响弯管件的成形质量和使用性能。因此,基于ABAQUS有限元平台建立了双脊矩形管E弯成形三维有限元模型,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用所建模型,研究了内外侧模具约束条件对双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响规律,发现当只有内腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽的内缩变形可得到较好的控制,而其他部位的变形则有增大的趋势;当只有外腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽宽度变形基本不发生变化,而其他部位的变形则有减小的趋势;当内外腹板脊槽均受约束时,可较好地控制双脊矩形管E弯过程中的截面变形。芯头个数对整管截面高度、宽度、外腹板脊槽宽度与两脊槽底部的间距的变形影响较大,但对内腹板脊槽宽度的变形影响不显著。     

基于CDM的开口复合材料层合板结构损伤问题研究

为研究含开口复合材料层合板结构在面内载荷作用下的损伤破坏问题,基于CDM基本原理,从平面应力状态下的Gibbs自由能出发,建立描述复合材料层合板结构层内断裂破坏的二维渐进损伤关系;基于ABAQUS材料用户子程序,将上述渐进损伤关系与二维Hashin失效准则相结合,开发复合材料损伤本构模型,并对含开口复合材料层合板结构在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程进行数值模拟;通过与文献试验数据的对比,证明该模型在平面拉伸载荷状态下可以有效预测含开口层合板结构的损伤起始与扩展过程,对层合板强度的预测误差较小。应用上述模型对三种不同开口类型层合板结构在剪切载荷作用的下损伤、破坏分析,结果表明：对于相同面积的开口,不同的开口类型会导致层合板抗剪强度产生较大的差异;而在铺层相同情况下,椭圆形开口层合板的剪切强度相对较高。     

‘Size effect’ related bending formability of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube

Aluminum alloy (Al-alloy) thin-walled (D/t > 20, diameter D, wall thickness t) bent tubes have attracted increasing applications in many industries with mass quantities and diverse specifications due to satisfying high strength to weigh ratio requirements of product manufacturing. However, due to nonlinear nature of bending with coupling effects of multiple factors, the similarity theory seems not applicable and there occurs a challenge for efficient and reliable evaluation of the bending formability of thin-walled tube with various bending specifications. Considering the unequal deformation and three major instabilities, the bending formability of thin-walled Al-alloy tube in changing tube sizes such as D and t are clarified via both the analytical and FE modeling/ simulations. The experiments of rotary draw bending are conducted to validate the theoretical models and further confirm ’size effect’ related bending formability. The major results show that (1) The anti-wrinkling capability of tube decreases with the larger D and smaller t, and the effect significance of t is larger than that of D even under rigid supports; (2) The wall thinning increases with the larger D and smaller t, and this tendency becomes much more obvious under rigid supports; (3) The cross-section deformation increases with the larger D and smaller t according to the analytical model obtained intrinsic relationship, while this tendency becomes opposite due to the nonlinear role of mandrel die; (4) The size factor D/t can be used as a nondimensional index to evaluate both the bending formability regarding the wall thinning and cross-section deformation.     

纤维缠绕角度对CFRP-Al混合圆管横向受载性能影响

基于准静态横向弯曲试验对缠绕工艺下制备的CFRP/Al混合圆管进行抗弯性能和吸能特性研究,分析了混合圆管的破坏模式,基于不同纤维缠绕角度的碳纤维复合材料-铝合金混合圆管三点弯曲试验结果,通过有限元仿真方法研究了内层纤维缠绕角度对其横向抗弯与吸能特性的影响。试验结果表明,CFRP-Al混合圆管横向载荷下的失效形式、损伤模式与纯铝管基本保持一致,但受纤维缠绕角度的影响失效形貌略有差异。纤维缠绕角度越小,CFRP-Al混合圆管的抗弯性能和吸能性越好,同时压溃效率(CFE)明显降低。基于验证的有限元模型,研究不同角度纤维缠绕内层对于表层纤维层的应力传递影响,小角度缠绕内层对于管件的轴向拉伸变形抑制增加了管件整体峰值载荷与吸能作用,大角度缠绕内层对于管件环向刚度的提升增加了整体压溃效率。依此分析可为合理设计CFRP-Al混合管提供有效依据。     

应急断离剪切销的双剪切破坏过程仿真研究

民用飞机吊挂应急断离剪切销需要在紧急情况下断开并使得吊挂或者发动机脱离机翼,避免飞机在紧急着陆时,吊挂结构因受到地面反弹而损坏机翼油箱,导致油箱漏油起火引发火灾。因此应急断离剪切销对于飞机紧急着陆状态下,飞机安全着陆起到了非常重要的作用。本文以不锈钢材料的应急断离剪切销为研究对象,通过试验方法对不锈钢材料的试件进行力学性能测试,根据测试结果建立了应急断离剪切销的弹塑性本构模型,依据本构模型开展了2种不同径厚比下的应急断离剪切销双剪仿真分析。分析结果表明,在双剪工况下,随着施加在剪切销上的载荷增加,应急断离剪切销上剪切应力在两侧不断增加;剪切销的内径越大,其破坏瞬间的剪切强度越大,且破坏位移越大。     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.