基于中性层偏移的Z型材滚弯成形回弹预测

以提高大截面Z型材四轴滚弯成形精度为目的，通过综合考虑材料属性、几何特征和成形半径等因素对回弹的影响，建立了引入中性层偏移的大截面Z型材弯曲回弹解析模型，研究了7075-O和7475-O铝合金Z型材在不同滚弯成形半径下的回弹规律，并进行滚弯成形实验验证。结果表明，与忽略中性层偏移影响的型材回弹预测经验模型相比，基于中性层偏移的回弹预测模型能够准确预测大截面Z型材的回弹量，在相同的曲率半径下，预测回弹变形的最大相对误差从11.681%减小到3.347%。     

引入材料参数的弯管中性层偏移解析模型

中性层偏移是表征管材弯曲内外侧不均匀变形程度的关键参数。基于弯管截面力矩平衡条件,建立了引入材料参数的管材弯曲变形中性层偏移解析模型,针对管材数控绕弯和压弯过程对所建模型从多个方面进行了评估,研究了不同几何和材料等管材本征参数下的管材弯曲中性层偏移规律。结果表明:应用于TA18钛管数控绕弯,发现所建解析模型与已有解析方法预测精度相当,但能考虑材料参数影响,且相较于有限元模拟,本文解析模型更接近实验结果;应用于A6063铝合金管和AZ31镁合金管压弯过程,并与Hasegawa解析方法相较,发现本文解析模型能够准确预测拉压不对称对压弯中性层偏移的影响;弯曲半径减小,弯管直径增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动;拉压屈服强度比减小,厚向异性指数增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动。     

纤维缠绕角度对CFRP-Al混合圆管横向受载性能影响

基于准静态横向弯曲试验对缠绕工艺下制备的CFRP/Al混合圆管进行抗弯性能和吸能特性研究,分析了混合圆管的破坏模式,基于不同纤维缠绕角度的碳纤维复合材料-铝合金混合圆管三点弯曲试验结果,通过有限元仿真方法研究了内层纤维缠绕角度对其横向抗弯与吸能特性的影响。试验结果表明,CFRP-Al混合圆管横向载荷下的失效形式、损伤模式与纯铝管基本保持一致,但受纤维缠绕角度的影响失效形貌略有差异。纤维缠绕角度越小,CFRP-Al混合圆管的抗弯性能和吸能性越好,同时压溃效率(CFE)明显降低。基于验证的有限元模型,研究不同角度纤维缠绕内层对于表层纤维层的应力传递影响,小角度缠绕内层对于管件的轴向拉伸变形抑制增加了管件整体峰值载荷与吸能作用,大角度缠绕内层对于管件环向刚度的提升增加了整体压溃效率。依此分析可为合理设计CFRP-Al混合管提供有效依据。     

Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.     

Glare层板基本成形性能研究与实验验证

为了探索Glare层板的成形性能特点,采用单向拉伸实验和三点弯曲实验,分析研究了Glare 2A,Glare 2B和Glare 3层板的基本成形性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜分析了Glare层板的失效特征。结果表明:纤维铺层方向对材料的成形性能存在显著影响,Glare 2A层板抵抗塑性变形的能力强,且难以发生厚向变形:采用σ=σy+Kεn硬化模型拟合真实应力-应变曲线,其相关系数最大,拟合结果最好:Glare 2A的弯曲回弹量最大,其弯曲破坏时,内表层受压应力,以皱缩和压缩断裂为主,外表层受拉应力,以纤维拉伸断裂和分层为主;对于Glare 2B层板,其弯曲回弹量最小,主要以基体破坏为主:通过滚弯成形验证了实验所得结果的准确性。     

民用飞机管路件弯曲工艺分析

运用有限元数值模拟方法来模拟工艺过程、指导工艺试验、辅助工艺参数选择是有效提高设计效率的重要途径。采用有限元法对Ti-3Al-2.5V导管弯曲这一典型导管制造工艺进行了过程分析,为合理选取导管弯曲半径和弯曲角度提供依据,也为在导管弯曲工艺设计中引入有限元数值分析方法提供借鉴。     

型材拉弯回弹有限元分析

对两种不同截面的铝型材分别在6种不同拉弯成形工艺中的拉弯过程进行有限元数值模拟,探讨成形工艺、弯曲半径与型材截面形状对拉弯成形后型材回弹的影响。     

离轨帆弹性桅杆力学性能分析

采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分析弹性桅杆几何参数对其力学性能的影响,为离轨帆弹性桅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:增加壳体厚度、保持弧长不变,减小曲率半径以及增大壳体截面圆心角都能有效提高离轨帆自动展开能力及弹性桅杆支撑刚度;弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力只与材料属性、曲率半径、缠绕半径以及壳体厚度有关;曲率半径减小、壳体厚度增加都会增大弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力,有可能会导致弹性桅杆在缠绕时发生塑性变形。因此,在对弹性桅杆设计时,需综合考虑弹性桅杆几何参数对其展开能力以及缠绕性能的影响。     

弯管成形理论和技术研究进展与发展趋势(英文)

As one kind of key components with enormous quantities and diversities,the bent tube parts satisfy the increasing needs for lightweight and high-strength product from both materials and structure aspec...     

An improved procedure for manufacture of 3D tubes with springback concerned in flexible bending process

Three dimensional (3D) tubes, which possess the characteristics of space saving, lightweight and high strength, are widely used in many high-end industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobile and shipbuilding. However, when manufacturing a 3D tube in flexible bending process, springback is a big obstacle for improving the forming quality. In this paper, a new comprehensive strategy for springback control of 3D tubes is proposed. The strategy can be described as follows: (1) define the desired shape and manufacture shape; (2) optimize the manufacture shape using two tooling design methods (e.g. DA (displacement adjustment) method and B&T (bending and twisting) method presented in this paper); (3) make a discretization of the manufacture shape to acquire the optimized forming parameters. Additionally, experiment is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the new strategy. Results show that forming parameters acquired by the new strategy are partially effective. The new strategy also demonstrates that, during 3D tubes forming, the deviation caused by over-bent elements can be counteracted by the deficient-bent elements. This principle is helpful to reduce the difficulty of parameter determination in future.     

薄壁管数控弯曲过程中失稳起皱的主要影响因素

 针对薄壁管数控弯曲精确成形过程在多因素交互作用下可能发生失稳起皱这一复杂物理问题, 基于起皱能量准则和有限元方法相结合, 提出了预测该过程起皱发生的能量( 数值) 方法, 研究了影响薄壁管数控弯曲成形过程起皱发生的主要因素及影响机制。结果表明, 弯曲半径、相对管径、芯棒伸长量和摩擦因素是影响薄壁管数控弯曲精确成形过程起皱发生的主要因素, 而材料的应力强度系数和加工速度等对起皱发生影响较小。研究结果为薄壁管数控弯曲精确成形过程参数的确定和优化创造了条件。     

航空发动机外部管路的结构与动力学特征参数分析

针对航空发动机外部管路系统的动力学设计需求,采用理论计算与试验测试相结合的方法研究管路系统的关键设计参数及影响规律。研究结果表明:外径、跨度和弯曲角度是影响导管振动特性的主要结构与装配参数,随外径增大,导管基频提高;随跨度增大,基频降低;随弯曲角度增大,基频提高。而弯曲半径、壁厚和安装横向偏移对固有特性的影响很小,可不予考虑。导管充液后,各阶模态频率会略有降低,液体密度越大,影响越大;而流体压力和速度对模态特性影响很小,可不予考虑。     

基于弹塑性理论的钛合金孔冷挤压回弹分析

为获得钛合金孔冷挤压后回弹量,提出基于弹塑性理论的幂强化材料孔冷挤压后回弹量计算方法。将TC4钛合金孔冷挤压后回弹量的试验测量结果与理论模型计算结果进行比较,验证了模型的准确性,同时利用模型分析了挤压量和初孔直径对TC4钛合金孔冷挤压后回弹量的影响。     

Deformation behaviors of four-layered U-shaped metallic bellows in hydroforming

Because of the complex constraint effects among layers in multi-layered metallic bellows hydroforming, the stress concentration and defects such as wrinkling and fracture may easily occur. It is a key to reveal the deformation behaviors in order to obtain a sound product. Based on the ABAQUS platform, a 3D-FE model of the four-layered U-shaped metallic bellow hydroforming process is established and validated by experiment. The stress and strain distributions, wall thickness variations and bellow profiles of each layer in the whole process, including bulging, folding and springback stages, are studied. Then deformation behaviors of bellows under different forming conditions are discussed. It is found that the wall thinning degrees of different layer vary after hydroforming, and is the largest for the inner layer and smallest for the outer layer. At folding stage, the wall thinning degree of the crown point increases lineally, and the difference among layers increases as the process going. The displacements of the crown point decrease from the inner layer to the outer layer. After springback, the U-shaped cross section changes to a tongue shape, the change of convolution pitch is much larger than the change of convolution height, and the springback values of the inner layer are smaller than the outer layer. An increase in the internal pressure and die spacing cause the maximum wall thinning degree and springback increase. With changing of process parameters, bellows with deep convolution are easily encountered wall thinning during hydroforming and convolution distortion after springback. This research is helpful for precision forming of multi-layered bellows.     

模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响

复合材料在热压罐成型过程中由于发生不可避免的物理化学变化,将会发生固化回弹变形导致尺寸偏差。V型结构普遍用于飞机外表面,研究模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响,可有效保证复合材料成型精度,减少装配难度。本文通过建立有限元分析模型以及设计典型结构试验件相结合的方式,分析模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响。结果表明:变形预测与试验结果误差在5%内,V型复合材料阳模成型比阴模成型的变形要大10%～15%,其变形回弹量趋势与拐角角度、制件厚度成反比,阳模成型时其回弹与拐角半径成正比。     

Influence of deformation zone length on bending radius of SS304 tubes with small diameters manufactured via free bending-based active motion

In three and six-axis free-bending equipment, the deformation zone length(A) is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured. In this study, a six degree of freedom(6-DOF) parallel mechanism was used as the control mechanism of the bending die, and a new method of changing the deformation zone length(A)was proposed. Firstly, an idealized geometric model of free bending-based active motion was established. Then, the influence of the de...     

GH625高温合金管缩径旋压成形数值模拟及试验研究

基于ABAQUS/Explicit平台建立了高温合金管缩径旋压三维弹塑性有限元模型,对GH625高温合金管缩径旋压成形过程进行了模拟分析,研究了轴向进给速度、旋轮圆角半径、旋轮安装角度对高温合金管缩径旋压成形质量的影响规律。研究结果表明,高温合金变径管在旋压过程中,随旋轮的轴向进给,不同的区域截面变化趋势不同。对工艺参数进行分析,发现轴向进给速度及旋轮圆角半径增大时,壁厚增大;旋轮安装角度对零件壁厚无明显影响;进给速度越大或圆角半径越大,截面椭圆度越大;距自由端较远时,旋轮安装角度越小,截面椭圆度越大;随着旋轮的进给,距自由端越近,椭圆度波动越严重。最后,根据数值模拟结果确定最终工艺参数为轴向进给速度0.25mm/r,圆角半径取值2~4mm,旋轮安装角度为90o,并进行了高温合金管缩径旋压试验,得到了较好的成形件。     

整体壁板结构弹塑性弯曲中性层位置分析

中性层位置是壁板结构设计和分析及其弯曲成型工艺的重要参数,工程上将截面形心作为弹塑性弯曲中性层位置的方法存在很大误差。通过弹塑性分析,考虑了材料塑性强化效应,建立了一种便捷的计算整体壁板结构弹塑性弯曲中性层位置的方法,并和数值仿真结果进行了对比,分析结果表明:弹性弯曲时,中性层位于截面形心;而进入塑性弯曲阶段,中性层位置随着弯曲半径的减小向蒙皮方向显著移动;在整体壁板常用的相对弯曲半径下(ρ/t≥10),壁板的变薄可以忽略不计,应力中性层和应变中性层几乎重合。     

Springback prediction of thick-walled high-strength titanium tube bending

Significant springback occurs after tube rotary-draw-bending （RDB）, especially for a high-strength Ti-3A1-2.5V tube （HSTT） due to its high ratio of yield strength to Young＇s modulus. The combination scheme of explicit and implicit is preferred to predict the springback. This simulation strategy includes several numerical parameters, such as element type, number of elements through thickness （NEL）, element size, etc. However, the influences of these parameters on spring- back prediction accuracy are not fully understood. Thus, taking the geometrical specification 9.525 mm × 0.508 mm ofa HSTT as the objective, the effects of numerical parameters on prediction accuracy and computation efficiency of springback simulation of HSTT RDB are investigated. The simulated springback results are compared with experimental ones. The main results are： （1） solid and continuum-shell elements predict the experimental results well; （2） for C3DSR elements, NEL of at least 3 is required to obtain reliable results and a relative error of 29% can occur as NEL is varied in the range of 1-3; （3） specifying damping factor typically works well in Abaqus/Emplicit simulation of springback and the springback results are sensitive to the magnitude of damping factor. In addition, the explanations of the effect rules are given and a guideline is added.     

圆锥高超声速湍流边界层转捩试验研究

主要介绍了一种用于高超声速湍流边界层表面参数测量的试验方法,利用边界层的表面热流值,作为判断边界层转捩与否的依据,开展边界层攻角效应转捩特性试验研究.试验在我院FD-20炮风洞中进行,马赫数为6,试验模型是半锥度5°的圆锥模型.开展了对于圆锥模型,头部半径对转捩位置的影响,小攻角情况下对圆锥模型转捩位置的影响,并且获得了在2°和3°攻角情况下圆锥模型的攻角效应转捩全局曲线.试验结果证实了,在小攻角下,随着攻角的增加,边界层迎风面转捩位置向后移动,背风面转捩位置向前移动.