大直径铝合金薄壁管轴压加载数控弯曲成形特性(英文)

实现不起皱条件下管材壁厚减薄的控制,是提高大直径铝合金薄壁管数控弯曲成形极限和质量的关键问题。在管端施加轴向压缩载荷将可能成为实现上述目标的一个途径。在本研究中,基于动力显式有限元法建立了轴压加载数控弯管过程模拟的三维弹塑性有限元模型,并通过多指标正交试验设计,获得了成形参数组合的合理范围,克服了轴压加载弯曲时管端的轴向压缩失稳现象,同时模型可靠性得到了实验的验证。将有限元模型与起皱能量预测模型相结合,研究了轴压加载下大直径薄壁小弯曲半径铝合金管数控弯曲的成形特性。结果表明:(1)管直径越大且弯曲半径越小,弯曲过程中管材的最大切向压应力区被诱发切向拉应力区分割越明显,则轴压加载减小减薄的作用越小,管端发生压缩失稳的可能性越大。(2)与无轴压加载弯曲过程相比,轴压加载下管材起皱可能性在成形前期较大,在成形后期较小。(3)对于尺寸因子小于80的管材,轴压加载减小管材壁厚减薄的作用大于轴压加载增大起皱的作用。     

基于PAM-TUBE 2G的管材弯曲成形数值模拟分析

管材弯曲成形工艺是飞机制造业中的一种非常重要的加工方法.在实际生产过程中,管材过度减薄或开裂、管材断面形状畸变严重、管材内侧失稳起皱等问题严重影响管材弯曲成形零件质量.PAM-TUBE 2G可以解决在管材弯曲成形工艺过程中模具设计、下料估计、精确成形模拟分析、回弹计算等问题.实例证明了PAM-TUBE 2G用来解决弯管成形工艺模拟是高效的.     

高精度高温合金薄壁管旋压成形

对用于形波纹管的ＧＨ４１６９高温合金薄壁管的旋压成形进行了试验研究,分析了焊接管坯质量、旋压工艺等因素对薄壁管成形精度的影响,给出了旋压工艺设计方法。     

大截面Z型材滚弯成形缺陷的数值模拟及试验研究

以控制大截面Z型材四轴滚弯成形中型材局部起皱、扭曲等质量缺陷为目的,利用ABAQUS有限元软件数值模拟大截面Z型材数控四轴滚弯过程,在分析滚弯成形缺陷产生原因的基础上,提出了侧滚轮非对称加载和二次滚弯方式控制成形缺陷的方法。结果表明:二次滚弯方式对起皱缺陷具有较好的改善作用;侧滚轮非对称式加载方式(左侧滚轮高于右侧滚轮),对起皱和扭曲等缺陷具有明显的抑制作用。滚弯试验结果证明,型材滚弯成形的扭曲量相比数值模拟结果误差在10%以内。     

连续多弯导管成形仿真系统开发与应用

介绍国内外仿真技术发展现状,针对空间连续多弯导管数字化精确成形的需求,提出了以知识工程为核心,建立导管仿真工艺知识库,通过参数化驱动开发导管弯曲成形运动仿真系统。通过在飞机连续多弯导管研制中的应用,自动实现了模型数据提取、工艺参数确定、创建仿真模型、弯曲过程仿真、回弹过程仿真、干涉检查,获得了干涉情况,自动生成仿真报告和数控代码,降低了技术人员的劳动强度,提高了飞机导管零件工艺设计工作效率。     

大型客机机翼壁板喷丸成形延展问题研究与分析

本文通过对数控加工、温度变化以及喷丸成形等壁板制造的各个阶段对壁板延展量的主要影响因素、计算方法及测量方法的论述,提出了壁板喷丸成形延展量计算的关键技术及解决途径,对提高大飞机壁板成形精度、缩短研制周期、降低研制成本具有重要意义。喷丸成形是大型飞机机翼壁板的主要成形工艺之一,其工艺过程复杂、影响因素多,需反复试喷及人     

航空发动机薄壁W形封严环动模外压成形

液压成形是复杂薄壁零件制造的一种有效方法。针对某航空发动机的薄壁高温合金W形封严环构件,提出动模外压成形方法,并建立了有限元模型。基于数值模拟和工艺实验,分析了不同成形阶段的变形规律和压缩失稳的控制机理,在此基础上研究了毛坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中环向失稳起皱、型面不对称、材料堆叠等失效形式,提出了优化的参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现W形封严环的整体精确成形,采用优化的毛坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得成形精度较高、表面平滑无褶皱的试件。     

薄壁管卷边成形过程的数值模拟

 导出了薄壁管卷边成形过程的塑性变形力学方程,由此出发给出了基于增量理论的数值模拟方法,从而可以综合研究各种因素对管材卷边成形的影响。文中考察了成形过程应力应变分布行为,压力-行程曲线的模拟结果与实测结果基本一致。     

大飞机钛合金薄壁管道零件冷成形关键技术研究

介绍了钛合金薄壁管道零件成形工艺方法和焊接技术.研究了钛合金薄壁管道零件渐进折弯成形技术,并进行数值模拟,结果表明成形后的零件与标准尺寸零件误差仅为1.8％.     

压边力对纯钛半球形件冷拉深成形的影响

纯钛板材冷拉深成形困难,起皱和断裂是成形过程的主要失效模式,合理控制成形过程中的压边力,可以消除这些缺陷,提高成形性能.基于连续介质力学及有限元理论,运用动力显式算法建立一钛合金薄壁半球形零件拉深成形的三维有限元模型,研究了不同压边力对拉深成形影响,结果表明:当单位压边力较小时(0.4 MPa)会导致拉深件在法兰区出现皱纹,当单位压边力大于0.8MPa时,会在凹模圆角外侧壁发生破裂现象.     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

A Study on Multi-defect Constrained Bendability of Thin-walled Tube NC Bending Under Different Clearance

Thin-walled tube numerical control (NC) bending is a tri-nonlinear physical process with multi-defect and multi-die constraints. The clearance on each contact interface is the major factor to indicate the contact conditions. A three-dimensional-finite element (3D-FE) model is established to consider the realistic dynamic boundary conditions of multiple dies under ABAQUS/Explicit platform. Combined with experiment, numerical study on bending behavior and bendability under different clearance between tube and various dies is conducted in terms of wrinkling, wall thinning and cross section deformation. The results show that (1)with smaller clearance of tube-wiper die and tube-mandrel, the wrinkling can be restrained while the wall thinning It and cross-section deformation Id increase; while excessive small clearance blocks tube materials to flow past tangent point and causes piles up, the onset of wrinkling enhances It and Id. (2)Both It and Id decrease with smaller clearance of tube-pressure die; the wrinkling possibility rises with larger clearance on this interface if the mandrel’s freedom along Y-axis is opened; smaller clearance of tube-bend die prevents wrinkling while increases It, and the clearance on this interface has little effect on Id. (3)A modified Yoshida buckling test (YBT) is used to address the wrinkling mechanisms under normal constraints in tube bending: the smaller clearance may restrain wrinkling efficiently; the smaller wall thickness, the less critical clearance needed; the critical clearance for tube bending 38 mm×1 mm×57 mm (tube outer diameter×wall thickness×centerline bending radius) equals about 20% of initial wall thickness.     

Forming Characteristics of Al-alloy Large-diameter Thin-walled Tubes in NC-bending Under Axial Compressive Loads

Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.     

基于中性层偏移的Z型材滚弯成形回弹预测

以提高大截面Z型材四轴滚弯成形精度为目的，通过综合考虑材料属性、几何特征和成形半径等因素对回弹的影响，建立了引入中性层偏移的大截面Z型材弯曲回弹解析模型，研究了7075-O和7475-O铝合金Z型材在不同滚弯成形半径下的回弹规律，并进行滚弯成形实验验证。结果表明，与忽略中性层偏移影响的型材回弹预测经验模型相比，基于中性层偏移的回弹预测模型能够准确预测大截面Z型材的回弹量，在相同的曲率半径下，预测回弹变形的最大相对误差从11.681%减小到3.347%。     

Plastic deformation analysis and forming quality prediction of tube NC bending

Plane strain assumption and exponent hardening law are used to investigate the plastic deformation in tube bending. Some theoretical formulae including stress, curvature radius of neu-tral layer, angle of neutral layer deviation, bending moment, wall thickness variation and cross-section distortion, are developed to explain the phenomena in tube bending and their magnitudes are also determined. During unloading process, the springback angle is deduced using the virtual work principle, and springback radius is also given according to the length of the neutral layer which remains unchanged before and after springback. The theoretical formulae are validated by the experimental results or the validated simulation results in literature, which can be used to quickly predict the forming quality of tube numerical control (NC) bending.     

弯管成形理论和技术研究进展与发展趋势(英文)

As one kind of key components with enormous quantities and diversities,the bent tube parts satisfy the increasing needs for lightweight and high-strength product from both materials and structure aspec...     

引入材料参数的弯管中性层偏移解析模型

中性层偏移是表征管材弯曲内外侧不均匀变形程度的关键参数。基于弯管截面力矩平衡条件,建立了引入材料参数的管材弯曲变形中性层偏移解析模型,针对管材数控绕弯和压弯过程对所建模型从多个方面进行了评估,研究了不同几何和材料等管材本征参数下的管材弯曲中性层偏移规律。结果表明:应用于TA18钛管数控绕弯,发现所建解析模型与已有解析方法预测精度相当,但能考虑材料参数影响,且相较于有限元模拟,本文解析模型更接近实验结果;应用于A6063铝合金管和AZ31镁合金管压弯过程,并与Hasegawa解析方法相较,发现本文解析模型能够准确预测拉压不对称对压弯中性层偏移的影响;弯曲半径减小,弯管直径增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动;拉压屈服强度比减小,厚向异性指数增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

Finite element modelling and experimental investigation of the impact of filling different materials in copper tubes during 3D free bending process

3D free bending process, an advanced metal forming technology, has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency. Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in the cross-section area and restrain wrinkling and collapse of tube wall. In the present study, the impacts of filling different materials on the copper tubes during 3D free bending process were investigated. We have found that copper tubes filled with low melting point alloys could induce the most uniform stress distribution, which result in better formability and moderate thickness changing rates when compared to SS304 steel balls and PU rubbers. The lowest ellipticity reached to 1.467%.     

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.