Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

一个控制超强电离辐射抗性开关基因的研究进展

电离辐射广泛存在于地球和空间，会引起生物体内的DNA损伤，导致机体突变甚至死亡.生物体的DNA损伤响应对于稳定基因组的完整性至关重要.耐辐射奇球菌因其超强的DNA修复能力成为研究DNA损伤修复的模式生物之一.PprI-DdrO系统是近年来发现的一种新型且高效的损伤响应途径，PprI作为响应损伤的重要开关蛋白，通过酶切DdrO调控DNA损伤响应基因的表达.本文从功能、结构、激活机制和潜在应用价值几方面描述了PprI的研究进展.      

Hamilton圈问题的DNA算法

基于目前可以使用的DNA实验技术并采用试管与表面相结合的方式,设计了解决H am ilton圈问题的DNA算法;详细地介绍了对图的顶点和边的分子编码;描述了算法的生物化学实现过程。由于采用了有控的部分穷举策略,因而既提高了解的可靠性,又抑制了大量伪解的产生。最后,讨论了算法的性能特点并指出进一步的研究方向。     

谈当代大学生的心理困惑

从社会问题、学习、人际交流、情感四个方面分析了目前在技大学生心理矛盾和困惑的表现及原因。     

基于DNA弹性细杆模型的Euler-Lagrange方程

采用了分析力学的方法,基于最小势能原理,DNA弹性曲杆的Euler-Lagrange方程组,运用弹性细杆模型拟合了A-,B-,Z-DNA的r-h曲线,讨论了弹性细杆模型描述3种DNA几何构型的可行性。与实验数据对比发现,通过计算,给定合适的曲率κ、挠率τ、扭转角χ,圆截面弹性细杆模型可以用来描述A-,B-DNA的几何构型;当椭圆截面的长宽比k=0.141时,采用椭圆截面弹性细杆模型拟合Z-DNA的r_0-h曲线与实验结果相一致。此研究内容有望为DNA分子构型的研究与探索提供参考。     

Expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines after spaceflight in a frozen state

The 53 kDa tumor suppressor protein p53 is generally thought to contribute to the genetic stability of cells and to protect cells from DNA damage through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. To clarify the effect of space radiation on the expression of p53-dependent regulated genes, gene expression profiles were compared between two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines: one line (TSCE5) has a wild-type p53 gene status, and the other line (WTK1) has a mutated p53 gene status. Frozen human lymphoblastoid cells were stored in a freezer in the International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. Gene expression was analyzed using DNA chips after culturing the space samples for 6 h on the ground after their return from space. Ground control samples were also cultured for 6 h after being stored in a frozen state on the ground for the same time period that the frozen cells were in space. p53-Dependent gene expression was calculated from the ratio of the gene expression values in wild-type p53 cells and in mutated p53 cells. The expression of 50 p53-dependent genes was up-regulated, and the expression of 94 p53-dependent genes was down-regulated after spaceflight. These expression data identified genes which could be useful in advancing studies in basic space radiation biology. The biological meaning of these results is discussed from the aspect of gene functions in the up- and down-regulated genes after exposure to low doses of space radiation.     

改进的DNA编码遗传算法在翼型设计中的应用

遗传算法作为一种比较成熟的智能算法,因其具有全局搜索能力和并行性得以在翼型气动优化中广范应用.本文在编码方式、种群初始化和遗传算子等方面对标准遗传算法进行了改进.其中,DNA的编码方式增加信息的丰富性;拉丁超立方抽样初始化使种群分布相对均匀;插入、删除、倒位等算子增加种群的多样性,加快收敛;感染算子加速种群摆脱停滞或早...     

物证DNA分析技术的过去与现在

使用DNA指纹鉴定技术不仅可得到可靠的否定结论,还可以得到可靠的认定结论.PCR技术极大地提高了检测生物检材的灵敏度.借助芯片技术可一次性对样品大量序列进行实时、灵敏、精确地检测和分析.从第一代分析方法应用于法庭科学开始,第二、第三代分析技术的诞生以及相继应用,使个人识别及亲子鉴定的结果愈来愈精确.     

最小支撑树算法在基因表达数据聚类分析中的应用

聚类分析已成为对基因表达数据进行挖掘以提取生物医学信息的主要方法.本文提出了基于图论的最小支撑树(Minimum spanning tree,MST)聚类算法,用MST表示多维基因表达数据,可将数据的聚类转换为对最小支撑树的分割,相对于传统聚类方法,最小支撑树算法具有形象直观、对一些准则函数能产生全局最优解等优点;将MST算法分别与Memetic algorithm及人工免疫算法(Artificial immune network,aiNet)相结合,则产生更优化的聚类结果.对酵母基因表达数据的实验结果表明,最小支撑树聚类算法是一种有效的基因表达数据的聚类方法.     

γ-H2AX as a biomarker of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and artificial skin

Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure is inevitable in our modern society and can lead to a variety of deleterious effects including cancer and birth defects. A reliable, reproducible and sensitive assessment of exposure to IR and the individual response to that exposure would provide much needed information for the optimal treatment of each donor examined. We have developed a diagnostic test for IR exposure based on detection of the phosphorylated form of variant histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), which occurs specifically at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The cell responds to a nascent DSB through the phosphorylation of thousands of H2AX molecules flanking the damaged site. This highly amplified response can be visualized as a γ-H2AX focus in the chromatin that can be detected in situ with the appropriate antibody. Here we assess the usability of γ-H2AX focus formation as a possible biodosimeter for human exposure to IR using peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated ex vivo and three-dimensional artificial models of human skin biopsies. In both systems, the tissues were exposed to 0.2–5 Gy, doses of IR that might be realistically encountered in various scenarios such as cancer radiotherapies or accidental exposure to radiation. Since the γ-H2AX response is maximal 30 min after exposure and declines over a period of hours as the cells repair the damage, we examined the time limitations of the useful detectability of γ-H2AX foci. We report that a linear response proportional to the initial radiation dose was obtained 48 and 24 h after exposure in blood samples and skin cells respectively. Thus, detection of γ-H2AX formation to monitor DNA damage in minimally invasive blood and skin tests could be useful tools to determine radiation dose exposure and analyze its effects on humans.