基于Boosting的模糊分类规则集成学习及应用

由于难于获得先验知识,样本可分性差,辐射源识别很难达到很高的识别率。结合AdaBoost算法和遗传算法,提出了一种模糊分类规则的迭代学习方法。在每轮迭代训练过程中,算法通过调整训练样本的分布,利用遗传算法产生分类规则。减少分类规则能够正确分类样本的权值,使得新产生的分类规则重点考虑难于分类和拒识的样本。在规则学习的适应度函数中考虑训练实例的分布,使模糊分类规则在产生阶段就考虑相互之间的协作,改善了模糊分类规则的整体识别能力。辐射源识别实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的分类识别性能。     

一种基于指数损失函数的多类分类AdaBoost算法及其应用

 提出一种新的多类分类AdaBoost算法——使用多类分类指数损失函数的前向逐步叠加模型FSAMME（forward stagewise additive modeling using a multi class exponential loss function）。该算法是基于原始的两类分类AdaBoost算法归结为使用两类分类指数损失函数的前向逐步叠加模型的统计学观点,将两类分类的前向逐步叠加模型自然扩展到多类分类情况下得到的,并采用多类指数损失函数和前向逐步叠加模型对FSAMME进行了详细的理论证明。该算法大大降低对弱分类器的精度要求,只需每个弱分类器的精度比随机猜测好;算法简单明了,不用把多类问题转化为多个两类问题,而是直接求解多类分类问题,大大减小计算复杂度和计算量。通过对基准数据库的测试分类及航空发动机故障样本的诊断,结果表明:FSAMME算法一方面可达到较高的分类诊断准确率,其准确率明显高于AdaBoost.M1,略高于AdaBoost.MH;另一方面可大大减小计算成本,满足在线快速分类诊断的要求。     

针对弹载平台红外小目标的检测与跟踪算法

为了提高对红外小目标检测与跟踪的精度与速度，设计了一种针对红外小目标的单目标检测与跟踪算法,包含一个基于MB_LBP+AdaBoost与管道滤波器的目标检测模块，和一个有跟踪失败监测机制的基于模板匹配的多尺度跟踪模块。经过测试，该算法对边长11~31像素大小的指定类型的红外小目标取得了较好的检测效果，目标跟踪模块对于目标的尺度变化，快速运动，遮挡有较高的鲁棒性，算法中的跟踪失败监测机制在检测到跟踪异常的情况下能重新调用目标检测算法找回目标，经过测试对比，本方法跟踪的精度和速度综合优于主流跟踪算法，并且能够在弹载平台上实时运行。     

A prediction model of short-term ionospheric foF2 based on AdaBoost

In this paper, the AdaBoost-BP algorithm is used to construct a new model to predict the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2-layer (foF2) one hour ahead. Different indices were used to characterize ionospheric diurnal and seasonal variations and their dependence on solar and geomagnetic activity. These indices, together with the current observed foF2 value, were input into the prediction model and the foF2 value at one hour ahead was output. We analyzed twenty-two years’ foF2 data from nine ionosonde stations in the East-Asian sector in this work. The first eleven years’ data were used as a training dataset and the second eleven years’ data were used as a testing dataset. The results show that the performance of AdaBoost-BP is better than those of BP Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and the IRI model. For example, the AdaBoost-BP prediction absolute error of foF2 at Irkutsk station (a middle latitude station) is 0.32 MHz, which is better than 0.34 MHz from BPNN, 0.35 MHz from SVR and also significantly outperforms the IRI model whose absolute error is 0.64 MHz. Meanwhile, AdaBoost-BP prediction absolute error at Taipei station from the low latitude is 0.78 MHz, which is better than 0.81 MHz from BPNN, 0.81 MHz from SVR and 1.37 MHz from the IRI model. Finally, the variety characteristics of the AdaBoost-BP prediction error along with seasonal variation, solar activity and latitude variation were also discussed in the paper.     

A machine learning approach to crater detection from topographic data

Craters are distinctive features on the surfaces of most terrestrial planets. Craters reveal the relative ages of surface units and provide information on surface geology. Extracting craters is one of the fundamental tasks in planetary research. Although many automated crater detection algorithms have been developed to exact craters from image or topographic data, most of them are applicable only in particular regions, and only a few can be widely used, especially in complex surface settings. In this study, we present a machine learning approach to crater detection from topographic data. This approach includes two steps: detecting square regions which contain one crater with the use of a boosting algorithm and delineating the rims of the crater in each square region by local terrain analysis and circular Hough transform. A new variant of Haar-like features (scaled Haar-like features) is proposed and combined with traditional Haar-like features and local binary pattern features to enhance the performance of the classifier. Experimental results with the use of Mars topographic data demonstrate that the developed approach can significantly decrease the false positive detection rate while maintaining a relatively high true positive detection rate even in challenging sites.     

基于半监督集成学习的多核设计空间探索

随着处理器的系统结构日趋复杂,设计空间呈指数式增长,并且软件模拟技术极为费时,成为处理器设计的重要挑战。提出了一种结合集成学习和半监督学习技术的高效设计空间探索方法。具体而言,该方法包括2个阶段:使用均匀随机采样方法从处理器设计空间中选择一小组具有代表性的设计点,通过模拟获得性能响应,从而组成训练数据集;提出基于半监督学习的AdaBoost（SSLBoost）模型预测未模拟的样本配置的响应,从而搜索最优的处理器设计配置。实验结果表明,与现有的基于人工神经网络和支持向量机（SVM）的有监督预测模型相比,SSLBoost模型能够使用更少的模拟样本构建出不差于现有方法性能的预测模型;而当模拟样本数量相同时,SSLBoost模型的预测精度更高。      

基于多分类AdaBoost的航空发动机故障诊断

对航空发动机运行数据进行数据挖掘的方法,是发动机故障诊断研究领域的重要研究内容。由于各种算法自身的局限性,通过某种单一算法很难大幅度提升故障分类的准确性。运用组合分类的AdaBoost算法,综合多个分类模型进行诊断,是提升故障识别精度的一种较好的方法。通过AdaBoost算法及其改进算法的结合,建立一种多分类的AdaBoost算法,以支持向量机（SVM）为基础分类器,进行综合诊断模型的建立。通过单位向量法、比值系数法和相关系数法将指印图中统计的故障标识数据进行处理,得到不受故障程度影响的训练数据,再进行建模。实验表明,AdaBoost相关结合算法能够显著提升分类器性能。根据实际故障案例,验证了所建立的诊断模型能够较好地用于发动机的故障诊断。      

Optimization of One versus All-SVM using AdaBoost algorithm for rainfall classification and estimation from multispectral MSG data

In this paper, we implement the AdaBoost algorithm to optimize the classifications results of precipitations intensities carried out by One versus All strategy using Support Vector Machine (OvA-SVM). The model developed which combines the AdaBoost algorithm with a multiclass SVM is applied to images from the MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) satellite. Other variants to build multiclass SVMs, such as the OvO-SVM (One versus One SVM), SBT-SVM (Slant Binary Tree SVM) and DDAG-SVM (Decision Directed Acyclic Graph) are also implemented on which we tested the AdaBoost algorithm. The study showed that the AdaBoost algorithm performed better in the case of the OvA-SVM variant compared to the other variants.In order to evaluate the elaborated model, some classification techniques, such as the ECST Enhanced Convective Stratiform Technique (ECST), the SART where the Support vector machine, Artificial neural network and Random forest classifiers are combined, the Convective/Stratiform Rain Area Delineation Technique (CS-RADT) and the Random Forest technique (RFT) are applied. The classification results obtained show that AdaBoost with OvA-SVM (AdaOvA-SVM) presents very interesting performances where the evaluation parameters POD, POFD, FAR, BIAS, CSI and PC indicate the values 95.2%, 12.4%, 14.7%, 0.9, 88.1% and 96.5% respectively. Indeed, the AdaOvA-SVM technique has surpassed the CS-RADT, ECST and RFT techniques. As for the comparison with the SART, we noted that OvA-SVM presents very close results. The same trend was also observed when estimating precipitation. At the end of this study, it is shown that the AdaBoost algorithm performs better on a weak classifier or on a strong classifier operating in an unfavorable environment.