基于新型丝状电极等离子体激励器的前体涡控制

本文首次将新型丝状暴露电极DBD等离子激励器应用于大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制。丝状暴露电极的材料的选择对DBD推力以及推力效率至关重要,通过地面精细推力测量对丝状暴露电极等离子体激励器进行了优化,结果表明,本文研究材料中采用钨丝作为暴露电极,其推力效率最优;且随着电极直径从d=0.3 mm减小到d=0.08 mm,DBD推力效率显著提升。基于优化后的DBD激励器,将其应用于前体非对称涡控制:未施加等离子体控制时,压力测量以及PIV结果均表明细长体背风区流场为明显的非对称涡结构;在等离子体激励下,该非对称涡结构可变为对称甚至反向非对称,且非稳态激励控制能力明显优于稳态激励。研究发现,大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制与背风区原始涡系结构有关,其中包含对称涡系和非对称涡系。本文研究为大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制提供了一种新思路,同时也为丝状暴露电极DBD等离子体激励器的应用提供参考。     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

马赫数2.5超燃室中超/亚声流流向涡掺混冷态流场数值研究

结合实验,对一种带亚声速预燃室和流向涡掺混器的超声速燃烧模型燃烧室,在其进口马赫数为2.5的来流条件下,进行了冷态流场的数值研究.计算与实验得到的燃烧室沿程压力分布相当一致,计算与实验得到的激波结构也基本吻合.计算结果表明:首先,在马赫数2.5的来流条件下,亚燃预燃室易于达到启动状态;其次,流向涡掺混器增强超/亚声速流之间的掺混的效果明显,但其掺混深度尚有限;最后,流向涡掺混的超燃室掺混段有着复杂的激波膨胀波波系,波涡干涉和激波附面层干涉结构.     

带前缘涡轮动叶内冷通道流动换热数值模拟

在静止条件下,通过数值模拟的方法对接近真实的带前缘涡轮工作叶片腔模型内的流动与换热进行了分析.结果表明:腔内斜肋引发的三维涡对换热产生了巨大的影响,在一倍肋高范围内, Y-Z 和 X-Y 平面上都出现了肋后涡,使得此处传热系数降低;在 X-Z 平面上,第2通道产生一对方向相反的涡,第3通道只产生一个涡.两个通道中的涡都占据整个横截面,这些涡增加了通道流阻.冲击和气膜流动主导了前缘通道内的换热,冲击产生的一对涡加强了流动掺混,促进了前缘吸、压力面上的换热,而高速的气膜出流推动了这一过程.相同流量工况下,第2通道带肋表面的平均换热和局部换热都是最好的,而光滑的第1通道总压降最小,综合换热性能在各个通道中最高.随着雷诺数的增加,各通道吸、压力面的局部换热和平均换热都增强,但压降系数变化不大.      

自由涡数值计算的参数影响分析

介绍了自由涡方法中多个参数的影响,包括桨叶离散段数、有弯度翼型的涡网格密度、尾迹的长度.从桨叶根部到桨尖采用分区离散,内段区域离散稀疏,桨尖区域离散细密,根部区域的离散密度对计算结果影响不大,桨尖区域的离散密度对计算结果影响较大;采用涡网格模拟有弯度的翼型,涡网格的密度对计算结果有较大影响,但密度过大对于计算精度提高影响不大.悬停和小速度前飞状态,取9圈自由涡尾迹就能够得到较好的计算结果,爬升和大速度前飞状态下,取7圈自由涡就能够得到足够的计算精度.在上述参数中,自由涡圈数对计算时间的影响最大.      

后掠翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响

通过在细长体顶点处设置扰动块的方式使细长体的绕流具有确定性,在此基础上研究了机翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响.通过实验发现,测压截面越靠近机翼顶点,受机翼的影响越大.在50°迎角以下,后掠翼对细长体头部侧向力特性的影响很小.在60°迎角时,后掠翼对细长体头部的侧向力特性影响较大,此时单独细长体的侧向力特性实验结果已不能直接应用于后掠翼身组合体了.     

扰动形状对钝头体非对称流动的影响

通过在钝头体头部施加人工扰动块可以得到确定的大攻角下的非对称背涡结构。为了研究扰动块形状对非对称背涡结构的影响,本文在攻角50°、雷诺数Re_D=1.54×105的条件下,利用数值模拟对周向角90°、子午角10°的扰动位置的半球形、D型及方形3种扰动块形状分别进行了研究。研究发现在同一扰动位置,半球形扰动主控下的背涡结构为右涡型,而D型扰动和方形扰动主控下的背涡结构呈现左涡型,且方形扰动主控下的背涡结构的非对称性弱于其他2种扰动主控的非对称背涡。通过分析发现扰动块所引起的微流动直接影响钝头体非对称背涡结构。因此为了更精准地通过施加人工扰动得到确定的非对称背涡结构,应尽量选择形状简单、表面平滑过渡的扰动块形状。      

细长旋成体大迎角绕流的背涡结构与压力脉动特性

在亚临界流动范围内,通过尖拱细长旋成体在无侧滑状态下的脉动压力测量,对大迎角下细长旋成体非对称背涡结构沿轴向的压力脉动特征进行了研究分析,揭示了压力的脉动幅度与频率沿旋成体轴向的变化规律及其与背涡结构之间的对应关系,并对压力脉动特征沿轴变化的原因进行了初步探讨.     

大迎角细长旋成体绕流结构演变过程实验研究

 通过烟流显示和测压实验, 系统地观察和分析了尖拱头细长旋成体绕流结构随迎角的演变过程。实验发现在不同迎角下, 不仅细长旋成体绕流结构形态不同, 而且不同流态结构的演变过程所含迎角范围较小,几乎在几度迎角内就可完成。