Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

Variation of dayside chorus waves associated with solar wind dynamic pressure based on MMS observations

The whistler-mode chorus waves are one of the most important plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Generally, the amplitude of whistler-mode chorus waves prefers to strengthen when the energetic fluxes of anisotropic electrons increase outside the plasmapause. This characteristic is commonly associated with the geomagnetic storms or substorms. However, the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure (P_sw) and the long-time variation of chorus waves during the quiet period of the geomagnetic activity still needs more detailed investigations. In this paper, based on MMS observations, we present a chorus event just observed in the inner side of magnetopause without obvious geomagnetic storms or substroms. Interestingly, during this time interval, some P_sw fluctuations were recorded. Both the amplitudes and frequencies of chorus waves changed as a response to the variation in P_sw. It proved that the enhancement of P_sw increases the energetic electrons fluxes, which provides free energies for the chorus amplification. Furthermore, the wave growth rates calculated using linear theory increases and the central frequency of the chorus waves shifts to a higher frequency when the P_sw enhancement is greater, which are also consistent well with the observations. The results provide a direct evidence that the P_sw play an important role in the long-time variation of whistler-mode chorus waves inside the magnetopause.     

Calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils using viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method

A numerical procedure for the calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils in the time domain is presented. A viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method is taken to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic loads. In the present case the integral boundary layer equations are coupled with the Transonic Small Disturbance (TSD) Potential Equation. The coupling between structural motion and aerodynamic loads is carried out using State Space equation. It is solved by State Transition Matrix technique. Results are presented for NACA 64A010 and NLR 7301 airfoils with structural data from Isogai and DLR, respectively. Comparisons show good agreement with other numerical results. Certain deviations of experimental data taken from literature need more insight in the detailed test conditions.     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

扩压器-水泵内非稳定流动研究

水泵内部流动实质上是复杂的三维非稳定流动 ,它对水泵性能及结构振动有重要影响。本文介绍了一种求解这种复杂内流动的数值方法。三维雷诺数平均的纳维斯托克斯方程 ( 3-DReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)以及标准 k-ε的方程用于描述水泵内非定常紊流流场。系统特性方程与水泵的 CFD模型相结合以考虑流体在管道中的加速 ;采用任意滑移网格界面模拟叶轮和静止部件之间的相互干涉 ;将整个叶轮作为分析对象 ,以考虑失速情况下流动的周向非对称。这些技术的结合包括了水泵内非稳定流动的物理实质。一台实验数据比较齐全的离心式 -扩压器水泵被用于验证所提出的数值方法     

变循环调节机构发展现状及关键技术

变循环发动机可通过改变热力循环特性,实现更宽的工作范围和满足更多的战斗任务需求;调节机构是实现模式切换 的执行机构,其设计技术发展伴随发动机整个研制历程。以变循环发动机跨代发展为主线,聚焦调节机构目标功能及结构方案演 变,系统梳理了调节机构的发展历程、功能分类及设计要求。调节机构构型设计以低泄漏量、高调节精度、快速响应和可靠安装为 总体要求,需进一步考虑未来发动机高热力负荷与紧凑布局引入的挑战与约束;在仿真分析方面,流固耦合分析应侧重解决几何 特征复杂、结构柔性、空间跨度大、瞬态特征显著导致的网格畸变、收敛性降低问题,动力学仿真分析需重点聚焦关键件柔性变形、 装配间隙、尺寸公差、传动摩擦等因素对机构卡滞、调节精度的影响;在试验验证方面,需进一步突破瞬态调节过程中温度、机械负 载试验室模拟技术,加强试验室模拟验证能力,实现调节机构故障定位、误差归因。该研究对变循环调节机构设计、研制及相关理 论、方法、技术发展具有一定指导意义。     

考虑流固耦合效应的航空发动机风扇叶片应力数值模拟与试验测量研究

航空发动机风扇转子在高压比、高转速、高负荷的级环境中工作时,存在叶片固体域与流体域之间强烈的耦合作用。针对风扇工作中的流固耦合问题,采用基于流固耦合的数值模拟方法对风扇叶片的结构特性进行模拟,研究考虑流固耦合效应前后叶片结构特性的变化。通过风扇转子加减速试验测量叶片表面测点应力变化,并将数值模拟与试验测量结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明：考虑流固耦合效应后叶片表面的受力情况变化较大,导致叶片表面的应力与变形分布产生较大的变化;仅考虑离心力作用的计算方法得到的应力值与试验测量值误差最大达到50%,而考虑流固耦合效应的计算值误差在10%左右;考虑叶片流固耦合效应得到的应力分布更满足实际工程应力与强度分析要求。     

侧板边界层对正激波/边界层干扰特性影响的数值模拟研究

为了研究外压式进气道处于临界工况时结尾正激波同时与压缩面和侧板上边界层的相互干扰,专门设计了三组具有不同前伸长度侧板的简化构型作为研究对象,利用数值模拟手段评估了侧板边界层厚度对正激波/边界层干扰特性的影响。仿真结果表明,当没有侧板边界层参与干扰时流动呈现较好的准二维特性,但当侧板边界层参与干扰后将形成较强的角区干扰结构,该角区三维干扰结构与对称面上的准二维干扰结构存在此消彼长的关系。此外,波系的空间形态也将由“准二维λ波”结构变为“双λ波+角区压缩波”结构,波系形态的改变则进一步导致壁面回流区分布以及摩擦力线拓扑结构变得更加复杂。     

大气中层顶区域波相互作用的一个观测个例

利用SOUSY VHF雷达的观测数据分析了极区中层顶83.4-91.2km范围内大气风场波动的非线性相互作用。大气风场的谱在不同高度上均有明显的潮汐分量峰值，纬向风分量中35h波、半日潮和8.9h惯必重力波构成共振相互作用对，经向风分量中33h波、半日潮和19h惯性重力波构成共振相互作用对。双谱分析表明，这些共振对在许多高度上都发生耦合，35h或33h波振幅的极小值与半日潮的极大值出现的高度几乎相同，呈现出明显的非线性相互作用在空间上不是局域的，而是存在于中层顶区域的几乎所有高度上，这种相互作用不仅导致半日潮振幅随时间的变化，也使半日潮的振幅随空间变化。35h和33h波动可能是在其他时段或其他位置通过行星波与周日潮相互作用产生的，然后传播到观测点并与半日潮发生相互作用。     

三维管道超声速气固两相流动的CFD/DSMC仿真

采用NND格式求解气相N-S方程，采用DSMC方法模拟固相颗粒运动，数值模拟了三维管道超声速气固两相流场，分析了固体颗粒对流场结构产生的影响。计算结果表明，将DSMC方法与CFD方法相结合是解决气固两相流动问题的一种有效途径。