集群空间控制框架下的四旋翼编队飞行研究

针对四旋翼编队控制问题,采用水平通道与高度通道解耦的四旋翼动力学模型,基于集群空间控制方法设计了编队控制器。首先介绍了集群空间控制方法的两个重要概念,即集群空间变量和集群运动学关系,进而以3架四旋翼为例,详细地给出了集群空间编队控制器的设计思路。在选取集群变量并建立编队与单机的运动学关系后,设计了不完全微分PD控制器以产生集群控制指令。不完全微分PD控制与常规PD控制相比,前者抗高频干扰能力更强。最后通过仿真验证了该编队控制算法能够完成多架四旋翼的队形放大和队形保持任务,且具有较高的控制精度和较好的抗高频干扰能力。     

挠性航天器的退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制

针对参数不确定的挠性航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种退步直接自适应控制算法。首先验证了挠性航天器动力学子系统的近似严格正实性,并设计了具有理想控制性能的参考模型;然后对以姿态四元数描述的运动学子系统设计常系数输出反馈中间控制律,使航天器姿态四元数输出渐近跟踪参考模型输出;最后退一步,对具有参数不确定特性的动力学子系统,基于非线性直接自适应控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法能有效抑制挠性附件的振动,对挠性航天器的控制是有效的。     

Delay Depending Decentralized Adaptive Attitude Synchronization Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation

This paper deals with the problem of cooperative attitude tracking with time-varying communication delays as well as the delays between inter-synchronization control parts and self-tracking control parts in the spacecraft formation flying. First, we present the attitude synchronization tracking control algorithms and analyze the sufficient delay-dependent stability condition with the choice of a Lyapunov function when the angular velocity can be measured. More specifically, a class of linear filters is developed to derive an output feedback control law without having direct information of the angular velocity, which is significant for practical applications with low-cost configurations of spacecraft. Using a well-chosen Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, it is proven that the presented control law can make the spacecraft formation attitude tracking system synchronous and achieve exponential stability, in the face of model uncertainties, as well as non-uniform time-varying delays in communication links and different control parts. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

空间非合作航天器抓捕后姿态抗干扰控制

针对空间非合作航天器抓捕后存在未知不确定惯性参数的柔性组合体姿态稳定控制问题,基于中间状态观测器设计方法提出了一种新的姿态稳定抗干扰控制方法,同时考虑了诸多扰动及控制输入受限问题。研究结果表明,传统的姿态稳定控制方法需要已知柔性航天器惯性参数信息及状态信息,上述信息未知情况下会使姿态难以高精度稳定控制,且容易导致控制输入不满足受限要求。针对该问题,考虑控制输入幅值及变化率受限前提,提出了一种基于中间状态观测器的抗干扰控制方法,通过引入辅助变量构造新型中间状态观测器,同时估计组合体状态信息及综合干扰,设计出了一种新的组合体姿态稳定抗干扰控制器。通过Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相比于已有的混合H₂/H_∞控制器,所提出的抗干扰控制器在应用时不需要柔性组合体的姿态及模态信息,并且也不需要惯性参数的辨识过程。最后,通过给定参数进行仿真对比,进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

非合作航天器姿态接管无辨识预设性能控制

在对非合作航天器进行姿态接管控制时,可能面对目标航天器参数未知、构型改变引起的不确定性及目标施加的非合作控制输入等挑战。针对上述问题提出了一种基于预设性能控制理论的非合作航天器姿态接管控制方法。首先,建立了姿态跟踪运动的非奇异拉格朗日型模型;然后,利用跟踪微分器构造不包含角速度信息的广义状态量,设计无需参数辨识的非奇异预设性能控制器,并证明了系统状态变量的有界性和控制系统在预设的性能指标以内。最后,通过数值仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性及其对时变参数不确定性和非合作控制输入的鲁棒性。     

多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运固定时间控制

针对多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运跟踪控制问题,设计了一种新的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法。首先,通过旋量分析,计算系统不同状态下的有效旋量空间,并根据静力学平衡计算系统在有效旋量空间约束下的拉力容许裕度。其次,在保证绳索张紧以及最大拉力约束的条件下,基于微分平坦性以及绳索拉力优化分配算法,规划编队的期望跟踪轨迹。然后,基于Udwadia-Kalaba方程建立系统动力学模型,设计了连续的基于类超扭滑模和积分滑模的鲁棒控制项,以补偿系绳拉力给无人机造成的扰动,并设计了基于双极限齐次性原理的固定时间无人机协同外环位置控制器。针对无人机内环姿态稳定控制,设计了固定时间姿态稳定控制器。仿真结果表明,绳索拉力满足张紧和最大拉力约束,且设计的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法保证了系统在固定时间内稳定跟踪期望轨迹。     

Decentralized attitude synchronization tracking control for multiple spacecraft under directed communication topology

This paper studies the attitude synchronization tracking control of spacecraft formation flying with a directed communication topology and presents three different controllers. By introducing a novel error variable associated with rotation matrix, a decentralized attitude synchronization controller, which could obtain almost global asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system, is developed. Then, considering model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances, we propose a robust adaptive attitude synchronization controller by designing adaptive laws to estimate the unknown parameters. After that, the third controller is proposed by extending this method to the case of time-varying communication delays via Lyapunov–Krasovskii analysis. The distinctive feature of this work is to address attitude coordinated control with model uncertainties, unknown disturbances and time-varying delays in a decentralized framework, with a strongly connected directed information flow. It is shown that tracking and synchronization of an arbitrary desired attitude can be achieved when the stability condition is satisfied. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

Phase plane design based fast altitude tracking control for hypersonic flight vehicle with angle of attack constraint

In this paper, fast setpoint altitude tracking control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicle (HFV) satisfying Angle of Attack (AOA) constraint is studied with a two-loop structure controller, in the presence of parameter uncertainties and disturbances. For the outer loop, phase plane design is adopted for the simplified model under Bang-Bang controller to generate AOA command guaranteeing fast tracking performance. Modifications based on Feedback-Linearization (FL) technique are adopted to transform the phase trajectory into a sliding curve. Moreover, to resist mismatch between design model and actual model, Fast Exponential Reaching Law (FERL) is augmented with the baseline controller to maintain state on the sliding curve. The inner-loop controller is based on backstepping technique to track the AOA command generated by outer-loop controller. Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) design is employed to satisfy AOA requirement. Moreover, a novel auxiliary state is introduced to remove the restriction of BLF design on initial tracking errors. Dynamic Surface Control (DSC) is utilized to ease the computation burden. Rigorous stability proof is then given, and AOA is guaranteed to stay in predefined region theoretically. Simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency and superior performance of the proposed method.     

带时变通信时间延迟的卫星编队姿态协同自适应L2增益控制

针对卫星编队姿态协同分布式控制问题,提出一种基于Lyapunov方法的编队飞行协同控制策略.首先,考虑到实际编队飞行中星问通信存在时变时间延迟及模型不确定问题,结合变结构控制的思想设计一种针对时滞系统稳定性分析的Lyapunov函数,从而由直接Lyapunov方法得到可对模型参数进行估计的自适应分布式姿态协同控制器,并...     

编队卫星分布式鲁棒饱和姿态协同控制

研究跟踪时变参考姿态情况下控制输入饱和的编队飞行卫星姿态协同控制问题.针对不同情形,通过恰当地利用双曲正切函数,提出3种连续有界的协同控制器.首先,在无外部扰动和参数不确定性的情况下,提出一种理想的饱和协同控制器.进一步,考虑角速度不可测量的情况,利用无源滤波器设计无角速度反馈的饱和协同控制器.当外部扰动和参数不确定性...     

Onboard actuator model-based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for quadrotor attitude control: Method and application

This paper addresses the robust attitude control problem for quadrotors subject to model mismatch and disturbances. A dynamic inversion based attitude control scheme is proposed, which consists of an outer loop attitude controller and an inner loop angular acceleration controller. The attitude controller is designed based on the Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) to precisely linearize the nonlinear dynamics between the angular acceleration and the attitude. An onboard actuator model-based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI) controller is designed in the angular acceleration control loop to improve the robustness against the model mismatch and disturbances. Meanwhile, the onboard actuator model with a modified structure eliminates the oscillation phenomenon when the sampling rate of the controller is higher than that of the actuator. Numerical simulations and flight tests demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in comparison with the PID controller.     

无人机-无人车异构时变编队控制与扰动抑制

研究了无人机-无人车异构系统时变输出编队控制与扰动抑制问题，要求多无人机与无人车在受到未知外部扰动的情况下，保持设计的输出时变编队构型。首先，对无人机与无人车进行单体运动学与动力学建模，同时建立扰动模型，并引入代数图论概念，建立异构集群系统的协同控制模型。然后，对各无人机-无人车设计了具有分层架构的分布式时变输出编队控制器，包含基于一致性理论的编队中心估计项和基于内模原理的扰动抑制补偿项。进一步分析异构系统实现输出时变编队的可行性条件，给出了分布式编队控制器的参数选取算法，并证明了时变编队控制器构成的闭环系统的稳定性。最后，通过仿真算例来验证所设计的编队控制器的有效性。     

航天器有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制

非刚体航天器存在时变的惯量、执行器完全失效或衰退故障以及外界干扰的情况,提出一种有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制方法。首先,基于有限时间理论和自适应方法,设计惯量不确定性自适应估计项和外界干扰参数自适应估计项进行系统补偿,克服惯量不确定性和抑制外界干扰;然后,基于容错控制和双幂次方法,设计一种自适应有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所提算法能够保证航天器姿态跟踪系统实际有限时间稳定;最后,对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:所提有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制方法是有效的。     

Gain self-scheduled H_∞ control for morphing aircraft in the wing transition process based on an LPV model

This article investigates gain self-scheduled H 1 robust control system design for a tailless fold- ing-wing morphing aircraft in the wing shape varying process. During the wing morphing phase, the aircraft’s dynamic response will be governed by time-varying aerodynamic forces and moments. Nonlinear dynamic equations of the morphing aircraft are linearized by using Jacobian linearization approach, and a linear parameter varying (LPV) model of the morphing aircraft in wing folding is obtained. A multi-loop controller for the morphing aircraft is formulated to guarantee stability for the wing shape transition process. The proposed controller uses a set of inner-loop gains to provide stability using classical techniques, whereas a gain self-scheduled H 1 outer-loop controller is devised to guarantee a specific level of robust stability and performance for the time-varying dynamics. The closed-loop simulations show that speed and altitude vary slightly during the whole wing folding process, and they converge rapidly after the process ends. This proves that the gain self-scheduled H 1 robust controller can guarantee a satisfactory dynamic performance for the morphing aircraft during the whole wing shape transition process. Finally, the flight control system’s robustness for the wing folding process is verified according to uncertainties of the aerodynamic parameters in the nonlinear model.     

Robust fault-tolerant attitude control for satellite with multiple uncertainties and actuator faults

In this paper, the satellite attitude control system subject to parametric perturbations, external disturbances, time-varying input delays, actuator faults and saturation is studied. In order to make the controller architecture simple and practical, the closed-loop system is transformed into a disturbance-free nominal system and an equivalent disturbance firstly. The equivalent disturbance represents all above uncertainties and actuator failures of the original system. Then a robust controller is proposed in a simple composition consisting of a nominal controller and a robust compensator. The nominal controller is designed for the transformed nominal system. The robust compensator is developed from a second-order filter to restrict the influence of the equivalent disturbance. Stability analysis indicates that both attitude tracking errors and compensator states can converge into the given neighborhood of the origin in finite time. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control law, numerical simulations are carried out in different cases. Presented results demonstrate that the high-precision attitude tracking control can be achieved by the proposed fault-tolerant control law. Furthermore, multiple system performances including the control accuracy and energy consumption index are fully discussed under a series of compensator parameters.     

基于LADRC的无人直升机轨迹跟踪

无人直升机轨迹控制系统是对多输入/多输出强耦合非线性系统进行解耦控制的系统。为解决无人直升机轨迹控制效果依赖于直升机物理参数的测量和辨识精度以及外部扰动大小问题,提出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)的多回路无人直升机轨迹控制系统。首先建立无人直升机X-Cell的飞行动力学模型,并引入风切变、大气紊流和突风模型以更加准确模拟真实飞行环境;然后对X-Cell进行配平计算以验证动力学模型和配平算法的准确性,并选取一组配平值作为轨迹控制仿真的初始状态和操纵量;随后根据被控量的动力学方程阶次选取对应的一阶和二阶LADRC基本控制器,并结合时间尺度原理,自内向外依次构建无人直升机的姿态、速度和位置控制回路,将三回路串联从而建立了无人直升机轨迹控制系统;而后进行了稳定性分析,特征根计算结果表明轨迹控制系统镇定了X-Cell开环系统不稳定的动态特性;最后将该控制系统应用于各种扰动下直升机轨迹跟踪仿真,结果表明本文无人直升机轨迹控制系统能很好地实现带爬升率的"8"字形轨迹跟踪,且相比于基于比例积分和微分(PID)控制的轨迹控制系统,该控制系统具有更优的鲁棒性和抗扰性。     

Robust attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation with communication delays

In this paper,attitude coordinated tracking control algorithms for multiple spacecraft formation are investigated with consideration of parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,communication delays and actuator saturation.Initially,a sliding mode delay-dependent attitude coordinated controller is proposed under bounded external disturbances.However,neither inertia uncertainty nor actuator constraint has been taken into account.Then,a robust saturated delay dependent attitude coordinated control law is further derived,where uncertainties and external disturbances are handled by Chebyshev neural networks (CNN).In addition,command filter technique is introduced to facilitate the backstepping design procedure,through which actuator saturation problem is solved.Thus the spacecraft in the formation are able to track the reference attitude trajectory even in the presence of time-varying communication delays.Rigorous analysis is presented by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system under both control algorithms.Finally,the numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.     

输入受限的吸气式高超声速飞行器自适应Terminal滑模控制

 针对吸气式高超声速飞行器的纵向运动模型,研究了输入受限时控制系统的设计问题,提出了一种内外环相结合的自适应Terminal滑模控制方法.以迎角和俯仰角速度作为内环控制对象,考虑到气动弹性模态和外部干扰,采用反步设计方法,设计出升降舵的自适应Terminal滑模控制律;以飞行速度作为外环控制对象,采用动态逆设计方法,设计出输入燃料当量比的动态逆自适应控制律,同时利用多层神经网络逼近控制律的饱和特性.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了采用此控制策略可以保证闭环控制系统的所有信号都是指数收敛至系统原点的一个有界邻域内,同时飞行器的气动弹性模态都是渐近稳定的.仿真结果表明,此控制策略能有效地处理吸气式高超声速飞行器在纵向运动过程中控制输入饱和受限的约束,在完成控制目标的同时,具有良好的过渡过程品质.     

基于跟踪微分器的高超声速飞行器Backstepping控制

针对存在模型参数不确定和外部干扰的高超声速飞行器（HFV）跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于Backstepping方法的抗饱和非线性控制器。将飞行器纵向动力学模型分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后针对每个子系统单独设计控制器。设计跟踪微分器获得信号的一阶导数,用以估计系统中的不确定干扰项和避免"微分项膨胀"问题。控制器设计过程考虑了控制量发生饱和的情况。基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统信号的稳定性。与传统高超声速飞行器Backstepping方法相比,所设计的控制器采用待跟踪状态与理想控制指令之间的实际误差作为反馈量,放宽了对系统干扰项的限制,提高了控制器对控制增益变化的适应性,进而提高了闭环系统的跟踪控制性能。对比仿真结果验证了所设计方法的有效性。