动力失效对起飞纵向气动特性影响数值研究

研究民用飞机动力失效对飞机起飞阶段纵向气动特性的影响规律及其机理,对保证飞机有效操纵和安全飞行具有重要意义.采用在点对点多块结构化网格系统上求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程的数值方法,研究发动机动力失效对某民用飞机起飞构型纵向气动特性的影响.通过DLR-F11模型验证研究方法对民用飞机高升力构型气动特性的预测能力;针对安装动力短舱的某翼吊涡扇发动机民用飞机起飞构型,通过对比其发动机在正常工况和失效时飞机气动特性的差异,得出动力失效对飞机纵向气动特性的影响规律及机理.结果表明:动力失效后,不但溢流效应会使飞机阻力系数增大;还会导致发动机进、排气特性较正常工作状态明显不同,恶化短舱附近流场,对飞机的升力、失速特性带来不利影响.     

基于数值模拟的翼身融合布局飞机上悬式发动机布置技术

发动机进排气对飞机气动特性具有重要影响。为了评估翼身融合布局（BWB）飞机上悬式发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响，首先开展了发动机短舱进排气与全机流场耦合的数值模拟技术研究，验证了计算方法的正确性。在此基础上，针对发动机安装于翼身升力面之上的BWB运输类飞机，开展飞机巡航飞行条件下，发动机不同支撑高度下沿流向及展向不同安装位置的进排气与全机流场耦合数值模拟，评估发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响，形成发动机不同布置方式影响的规律性结论。     

Increased urinary excretion rates of serotonin and metabolites during bedrest

Astronauts are often on a voluntarily reduced energy intake during space missions, possibly caused by a metabolic or emotional stress response with involvement of the central serotonergic system (SES). We investigated 24 h urinary excretion (24 h-E) of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acidic acid as indicators of the SES in healthy males under two different normocaloric conditions: normal physical activity (NPA) and -6 degree head-down-tilt (HDT). HDT or NPA were randomly arranged with a recovery period of 6 months in between. 24 h-E of hormones varied widely among individuals. Values were higher in HDT compared to NPA. Assuming that the 24 h-E values are, beside being indicators for alterations in the number and metabolism of platelets. Also indicators of central SES, HDT condition seems to activate central SES in a higher degree compared to NPA. Therefore, changes in central SES might be involved in the mechanisms associated with space flight or microgravity, including possible maladaptations such as voluntary undernutrition.     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

类水滴进口高超内收缩进气道参数化分析

基于马赫数分布规律可控的轴对称基准流场,使用流线追踪和截面渐变方法设计了进口截面形状非对称的类水滴形进口转圆形出口高超内收缩进气道,研究了设计参数横向位置d,纵向位置h和进口形状曲线参数a对性能的影响规律。在相同约束条件下对比了类水滴形进口进气道与常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道的性能差异。结果表明:在设计点,所研究的设计参数对类水滴进口进气道总体性能影响显著;在捕获面积和内收缩比相同的情况下,类水滴进口进气道综合性能明显优于常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道。     

某型航空活塞发动机进排气系统优化分析

针对高空小型飞机的动力要求,对某型航空活塞发动机的进排气系统均匀性进行了分析,建立了某型航空活塞发动机的仿真模型,分析了进排气管路结构参数对发动机性能的影响.以进气质量流量不均匀度和进气压力波动效应为评价指标,对发动机的进排气系统结构参数进行了优化.通过改变进排气歧管和总管的长度,把不均匀度降低到5%以内,最大降幅为38%,并且提高了发动机的扭矩和功率,最大提高幅度为5%.      

Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow-path in a ram-rotor

A kind of three-dimensional flow-path of the ram-rotor was designed in this paper according to the design method of the typical supersonic intake of aircraft and missiles,especially the design method of the compression ramp,the throat and the subsonic diffuser.The design Mach number of the flow-path was based on the averaged relative Mach number,regardless of the change of incoming Mach number along radial direction of the flow-path.Then,the flowfield of the designed flow-path was simulated numerically with computational fluid dynamics software at design point.The purpose of simulation was to obtain the details of the flowfield,including the structure of the shock wave system,position of flow separation zone,and so on.The performance of the ram-rotor was also evaluated.The numerical results show the structure of the shock wave system in the flow-path is similar to that in the supersonic intake.To improve the overall performance of the ram-rotor,the reasonable compromise between the total pressure ratio and the isentropic adiabatic efficiency should be reached.The structure optimization of the flow-path and the configuration of the shock wave system have great influence on the performance of the ram-rotor.      

飞翼布局无人机进排气效应风洞试验研究

飞机进排气会对全机气动性能产生明显的影响.采用引射式动力模拟器对飞翼布局无人机开展进排气效应模拟,分析进排气对全机气动特性的影响.试验结果表明:进排气对飞翼布局升力影响不明显,对阻力影响量比较大,可使全机最大升阻比降低1～4左右,而喷流能使全机最大升阻比下降1～1.8左右,进排气效应使得全机俯仰力矩增加,但纵向静安定度基本不变;进排气对全机横航向特性影响不大,对襟翼效率影响也甚微.可作为飞翼无人机气动布局设计的参考.     

压气机性能参数对积垢的敏感性分析

压气机工作过程中,叶片表面逐渐沉积了一层积垢,这将使压气机的压比、效率下降,降低发动机的输出功率。分别对积垢分布在叶片前缘、吸力面与压力面以及不同转速下的压气机性能参数进行了仿真计算,结果表明：压气机在不同污染程度和不同转速下,入口压差对积垢的变化都是比较敏感的,而且便于测量,不易受外界干扰,对估计压气机积垢的污染程度和确定压气机清洗时机具有指导意义。     

进气道旋流发生器的设计与数值模拟

为深入研究旋流以全面评价进气道/发动机相容性,设计了一套可调叶片转折角、叶片高度、叶片数的叶片式旋流发生器.利用CFD数值模拟技术,对旋流发生器进行了各种组合的流场计算,分析了可调参数对旋流发生结果的影响.结果表明,所设计的旋流发生器能够产生整体涡强度达8°～22°的旋流,叶片数对旋流整体涡强度的影响最为显著.