飞机结构初步设计优化中的损伤容限优化方法研究

本文提出并研究了一种在飞机初步设计阶段考虑损伤容限要求优化设计的方法.首先,通过许用应力形式来体现并表征损伤容限设计要求,作为一类新的设计约束,用于初步设计阶段的结构优化设计.然后,通过Global/local分析,在整体优化设计中考虑局部疲劳需求;根据疲劳寿命要求,用裂纹扩展分析程序AFGROW确定了一个新的强度准则...     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

高动态卫星信号模拟器四阶相位合成器设计

为实现北斗二号导航系统卫星信号模拟器产生的信号对高动态条件下载体特征的准确表示,设计了一种四阶相位合成器。理论分析了由量化误差引起合成器各阶次状态间的误差传递效应,提出了非对称结构的优化设计,以平衡各阶次状态误差对最终相位状态的贡献权值;对非对称合成器进行合理的线性化近似,构建状态偏差平方和的目标函数,并给出了使其最小条件下求解各阶控制量最优值的方法。最后对高动态仿真信号进行捕获跟踪分析,结果表明该合成器合成信号的等效伪距和速度精度可分别达到10 -3 m和10 -4 m/s,优于低阶相位合成器的精度;并通过对比实验,验证了合成器量化位数对合成精度的影响。     

空间飞行器综合定轨与参数分析软件COMPASS的研发——需求分析

对空间飞行器精密定轨软件COMPASS的开发作了详细的需求分析，包括软件功能、定轨模式、可分析的数据类型、参数解算、运行环境等，以便为COMPASS软件系统的设计提供依据。     

空间飞行器综合定轨与参数分析软件COMPASS的研发——动力学统计定轨程序compass的编写及调试

介绍了空间飞行器综合定轨与参数分析软件COMPASS的开发过程。软件的初级阶段目标是可以利用SLR观测对多颗激光卫星进行同时定轨、可以利用非差GPS观测对GPS星座进行同时定轨，并估计有意叉的地学参数。COMPASS的开发采取了由简到繁、循序渐进的技术策略，软件开发经历了这样几个主要过程：多星多技术定轨框架的建立。利用SLR观测确定GPS卫星的轨道，利用IGS的SP3轨道确定GPS星座的轨道，利用非差GPS伪距观测确定GPS星座的轨道，利用非差GPS伪距和相位观测确定GPS星座的轨道。激光卫星的定轨精度已经达到国际水平，可以用于提供国际服务（如IERSEOP；ILRS快速分析）；GPS定轨内符精度达到国际先进水平，平均外符精度好于30cm。     

北斗和CAPS系统中采用高程作为虚拟星座对授时精度的影响分析

在北斗和CAPS导航系统中利用高程作为虚拟星座可显著提高无源定位的精度。在授时应用中无源定位的结果用来计算卫星与用户的距离从而得到信号传输延迟。本文分析了高程误差对授时精度的影响。设定了高程误差,列出了定位方程;采用牛顿迭代法对方程进行了求解。方程的解表明高程误差主要影响定位结果的Z坐标值,而对授时敏感的距离值影响较小。因此高程误差导致的授时误差要小于定位误差。对5个中国城市的仿真结果表明在这些区域100m高程误差引起的授时误差要小于1μs。因此可以采用概略高程取代需要昂贵测试设备的精确高程。概略高程可以满足μs级授时精度的需求,从而满足电力和电信系统大部分场合对时间同步的需求。     

基于三频数据的北斗卫星导航系统DCB参数精度评估方法

差分码偏差（Differential Code Biases,DCB）参数作为导航电文中重要的一项,是影响用户PNT服务的主要误差源之一。北斗卫星导航系统（后文简称“北斗系统”）发射三个频点的导航信号,在导航电文中需要发播卫星的2个TGD（Timing Group Delay）参数。文章首先介绍了北斗系统卫星DCB参数最小二乘解算与形式误差评估;其次根据北斗系统三频特点,提出了不同频点组合计算垂直方向电离层电子总含量（VTEC）互差的DCB精度定量评估方法,并与IGS(International GNSS Service)提供的GPS卫星DCB精度进行比较;最后,详细分析了DCB参数精度对用户等效距离误差（UERE）计算和定位计算的影响,分别采用卫星出场标定DCB参数和经过解算DCB参数进行评估。实测数据分析结果表明,北斗系统卫星DCB参数解算形式误差与IGS解算GPS卫星DCB参数形式误差相当,但受卫星类型和解算测站的几何分布限制,北斗系统卫星DCB参数解算不确定度相比IGS略差,估计精度优于0.5ns,不同频率组合计算VTEC互差绝对值均值优于0.6TECU。相比采用卫星出场标定值,采用系统解算DCB参数后,双频用户三维位置误差改善13.80%～47.42%。     

An analysis on combined GPS/COMPASS data quality and its effect on single point positioning accuracy under different observing conditions

With the rapid development of the COMPASS system, it is currently capable of providing regional navigation services. In order to test its data quality and performance for single point positioning (SPP), experiments have been conducted under different observing conditions including open sky, under trees, nearby a glass wall, nearby a large area of water, under high-voltage lines and under a signal transmitting tower. To assess the COMPASS data quality, the code multipath, cycle slip occurrence rate and data availability were analyzed and compared to GPS data. The datasets obtained from the experiments have also been utilized to perform combined GPS/COMPASS SPP on an epoch-by-epoch basis using unsmoothed single-frequency code observations. The investigation on the regional navigation performance aims at low-accuracy applications and all tests are made in Changsha, China, using the “SOUTH S82-C” GPS/COMPASS receivers. The results show that adding COMPASS observations can significantly improve the positioning accuracy of single-frequency GPS-only SPP in environments with limited satellite visibility. Since the COMPASS system is still in an initial operational stage, all results are obtained based on a fairly limited amount of data.     

空间飞行器综合定轨与参数分析软件COMPASS的研发——结构设计

在空间飞行器综合定轨与参数分析软件（COMPASS）需求分析的基础上，重点针对定轨软件的总体流程、多卫星多传感器动力学定轨的流程、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）数据处理流程进行结构设计，给出了详细的过程和数据流程图。这一工作为COMPASS的编写奠定了基础。     

一种面向工程的气动弹性剪裁技术

以COMPASS为平台研究了蒙皮铺层主方向角对机翼气动弹性的影响,以及采用不同形式的多项式函数表示蒙皮厚度的方法,分析了设计变量的敏度计算方法,并运用优化的方法对两个复材机翼结构进行了位移、频率、发散和颤振速度约束下的剪裁设计,获得了结构响应与主方向角的变化曲线和机翼表面的厚度分布等高线.研究结果表明本方法拓宽了复材机翼的设计手段,具有广阔的应用前景.