Research on navigation of satellite constellation based on an asynchronous observation model using X-ray pulsar

Pulsar navigation is a promising navigation method for high-altitude orbit space tasks or deep space exploration. At present, an important reason for restricting the development of pulsar navigation is that navigation accuracy is not high due to the slow update of the measurements. In order to improve the accuracy of pulsar navigation, an asynchronous observation model which can improve the update rate of the measurements is proposed on the basis of satellite constellation which has a broad space for development because of its visibility and reliability. The simulation results show that the asynchronous observation model improves the positioning accuracy by 31.48% and velocity accuracy by 24.75% than that of the synchronous observation model. With the new Doppler effects compensation method in the asynchronous observation model proposed in this paper, the positioning accuracy is improved by 32.27%, and the velocity accuracy is improved by 34.07% than that of the traditional method. The simulation results show that without considering the clock error will result in a filtering divergence.     

利用微波探测仪(ATMS)对在轨微波辐射计观测精度的模拟分析

微波辐射计的观测精度及其对数值模式同化应用的影响评估是微波辐射计观测指标设计的重要参考。基于微波探测仪(ATMS)资料,利用三维变分同化系统模拟分析在轨微波辐射计的观测精度指标。针对ATMS观测误差特征,在其观测基础上增加均值为零、标准偏差分别为0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0K的正态随机扰动,进而获得不同精度的观测模拟值序列,然后利用Harris和Kelley的辐射资料偏差订正经验方法订正不同精度的观测资料。偏差订正后,利用三维变分同化模式(WRFDA)直接同化ATMS资料。通过2016年6月6h预报场的同化试验,评估了不同观测精度的模拟资料对数值模式的同化影响。     

对地定向三轴稳定卫星的圆锥扫描地球敏感器的数学模型

本文介绍了对地定向三轴稳定卫星的圆锥扫描式地球敏感器的姿态测量原理、输出几何关系和数学模型，并以实际例子说明大角度姿态控制时必须注意敏感器输出的轴间耦合问题     

Astrophysics in 2006

The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries.     

Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

大型真空热试验中的摄像观察技术

为完成在大型真空热试验中对飞船表面及舷窗的摄像观察提出了实施方案,分析并解决了普通摄像设备在真空—低温下使用的关键的技术问题,满足了试验要求.     

摆动扫描地球敏感器数学模型及飞行试验结果

描述了东方红三号卫星(DFH-3)控制系统设计和数学仿真中采用的摆动扫描地球敏感器IRES-01的数学模型，东方红三号卫星近三年飞行试验结果与数学仿真结果基本一致，证明数学模型是正确的。     

国外航天侦察相机和测绘相机发展概况

航天侦察和测绘是战略武装必不可少的组成部分,航天侦察和测绘相机是对地观测卫星的有效载荷。 该文将简要介绍国外航天侦察和测绘相机发展概况、水平和发展趋势。     

FY-2气象卫星在轨管理工程测控关键技术(上)

介绍了风云二号(FY—2)地球静止轨道自旋气象卫星工程测控的关键技术。分析了位置保持、姿态确定、星蚀和日凌的原理，给出了位置保持、姿态控制策略和地影、月影、日凌预报算法。并提出了一种检验定姿结果正确性的方法，提供了相应的工程计算参数。这些策略都已成功地用于FY—2卫星的在轨管理工程测控。     

欧空局今后十年空间探测战略

欧空局目前正在研究今后十年的空间探测任务,这些任务可以分为两大类,一类是具有研究性的地球探测任务,另一类是可供使用的地球观察任务。这些研究要求的卫星质量不同,小的不足1000kg,大的可达3000kg;功率不同,小的不到500W,大的超过1500W;轨道高度也不同,从500km到800km。除降雨量观测任务由于飞行器结构和系统的限制是在低倾角轨道上执行外,其他大部分任务将在太阳同步轨道上执行。