扩散焊接及其在航空航天领域的应用

扩散焊接是制造航空航天构件非常重要的连接技术。本文简略地介绍了它人特点，分类，连接机理，焊接设备以及它们在航空航天领域的应用。     

因康镍718合金的超塑成形和扩散连接

介绍了用于制造火箭发动机零件的因康镍７１８合金的超塑成形和扩散连接工艺。经特殊加工的细晶粒因康镍７１８合金具有促进的超塑性，历而能用于超塑成形相当复的零件。     

二维对流—扩散方程的控制体有限元法数值模拟

推导了二维对流—扩散方程的控制体有限元公式，其主要特点是所得离散化方程适合于逐点迭代法及共轭梯度法进行求解，使得该方法更适合于求解复杂的几何域及节省更多的计算机内存。通过几个算例表明，该方法对于特别大的Ｐｅｃｌｅｔ数其精度也是很高的     

多级压气机中可控扩散叶型研究的进展与展望 第二部分 可控扩散叶型的实验与数值模拟

目前 ,大量的可控扩散叶型 (CDA)已设计应用于多级轴流压气机中。通过亚音、跨音叶栅实验 ,证明了在可比的气动设计条件下 ,CDA叶栅可以达到更高的临界马赫数、更大的冲角范围和更高的负荷。通过单级或多级测试 ,CDA提供了更高的效率、更高的负荷、且易于进行级间匹配 ,并最终减少研发费用 ,提高喘振裕度 ;由于 CDA叶型具有增厚的前缘和尾缘 ,这为压气机寿命的提高提供了保证     

扩散连接界面缺陷对Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能的影响

研究了φ4mm与φ2mm的扩散连接界面缺陷对Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能的影响。当拉伸载荷方向与缺陷平面平行时,材料的强度与塑性与无缺陷材料相当,这是由于此类缺陷对样品受力截面的面积几乎没有影响。含有φ4mm缺陷试样的拉压疲劳寿命展现出很大的分散性,界面缺陷并未成为裂纹萌生的唯一位置。从表面起裂的样品均处于高寿命区域,而绝大部分从缺陷处起裂的样品均落于低寿命区域。有限元分析表明,当缺陷位于中心位置时其引起的应力集中较小,应力分布梯度较小;缺陷位于边缘位置时,应力集中效应增大。     

Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation

Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation is calculated over multiple solar cycles using our well established two-dimensional time-dependent modulation model. Results are compared to Voyager 1, Ulysses and IMP cosmic ray observations to establish compatibility. A time-dependence in the diffusion and drift coefficients, implicitly contained in recent expressions derived by , ,  and , is incorporated into the cosmic ray modulation model. This results in calculations which are compatible with spacecraft observations on a global scale over consecutive solar cycles. This approach compares well to the successful compound approach of Ferreira and Potgieter (2004). For both these approaches the magnetic field magnitude, variance of the field and current sheet tilt angle values observed at Earth are transported time-dependently into the outer heliosphere. However, when results are compared to observations for extreme solar maximum, the computed step-like modulation is not as pronounced as observed. This indicates that some additional merging of these structures into more pronounced modulation barriers along the way is needed.     

Solar Models with Non-Standard Chemical Composition

The OPAL monochromatic opacity tables are used to evaluate the impact of a non-standard chemical composition on solar models. A calibrated solar model with consistent diffusion including the effect of radiative forces and ionization on drift velocities is presented. It is shown that surface abundances are predicted to change slightly more than in traditional solar models where these refinements are not included. All elements included in the model settle at similar rates which is reflected in the relative variation in surface abundances ranging from 7.5% for calcium to 8.8% for argon. The structural difference between the consistent model and the traditional model is small, with a maximum effect of 0.3% for the isothermal sound speed at the base of the convection zone. The settling of CNO is only marginally affected. Opacity profiles have also been calculated with varying abundances for volatile elements, for which the abundances are poorly known, and other selected elements. It is shown that if one allows a 10% variation of these elements individually one can expect a peak Rosseland mean opacity variation of 3% for oxygen, a little less 2% for Si and Ne, and around 1% for Mg and S in the radiative zone. Other light metals and volatile elements have no significant impact on the opacity. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Low-Latitude Boundary Layer at the Flanks of the Magnetopause

This is a brief overview on what we know and do not know about the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) at the flanks of the magnetotail. On the basis of recent observations, simulations and theories we conclude that reconnection is the dominant process in generating the LLBL and its structure probably even under northward IMF conditions. Part of the LLBL always seems to be on open field lines. Possibly the LLBL possesses a double structure with its outer part open and inner part closed. Anomalous diffusive processes cannot sustain the LLBL but provide sufficient diffusivity for reconnection. Strong diffusion is only expected in narrow localized regions and can make the transition to superdiffusion. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is favoured for northward IMF, producing vortices at the tail flanks. Its contribution to efficient mass transport still remains questionable. Coupling of the LLBL to the ionosphere can strongly affect the internal structure of the LLBL, causing turbulent eddies and detachments of plasma blobs as also field-aligned currents and electron heating. The structure and dynamics of the LLBL are affected by field-aligned electric potentials that decouple the LLBL from the ionosphere. Non-ideal coupling simulations suggest that the dusk flank is decoupled, favouring KHI, while the dawn flank is dominated by currents and turbulence.     

Measurement of mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in aviation fuel through digital holographic interferometry

The experimental apparatus to measure the mass diffusion coefficients of O2 in aviation fuel was constructed based on the digital holographic interferometry method. The theory of mass diffusion coefficient and interference image processing were introduced in detail. The accuracy of the experiment was verified by measuring the mass diffusion coefficient of 0.33 mol/L KCl in aqueous solution at 298.15 K. The mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels were measured at temperature from 278.15 K to 333.15 K, and the Arrhenius equation was employed to fit the experimental data. In terms of the Stokes-Einstein equation, the viscosities of these two aviation fuels were tested to estimate the correlation among mass diffusion coefficient, viscosity and temperature. A uniform polynomial calculation correlation was proposed to predict the mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in both RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels, and its accuracy is considerably higher than that of the Stokes-Einstein equation.     

钛合金/不锈钢网的扩散连接

探讨了钛合金／不钢网扩散连接的可行性,确定了直接扩散连接条件下的最佳工艺参数,分析了影响扩散连接的主要因素及接头微观形态。针对实际构件,深入分析了加压方式和变形率的关系,并提出了控制变形量得到无变形接头的方法。