Main problems of the Russian Orlan-M space suit utilization for EVAs on the ISS

In the recent years the Russian Orlan-M space suits have been improved as applied to their operational requirements for the ISS. A special attention is paid to enhancement of EVA crew efficiency and safety. The paper considers the main problems regarding specific features of the Russian space suit operation in the ISS, and analyses measures on their solution. In particular, the problems associated with the following are considered: enhancement of the anthropometric range for the EVA crewmembers; use of some US EMU elements and unified NASA equipment elements; Orlan-M operation support in the wide range of the ISS thermal conditions; use of Simplified Aid For Extravehicular activity Rescue (SAFER) designed as a self-rescue device, which will be used for an EVA crewmember return in the event that he (she) breaks away inadvertently from the ISS surface. The paper states the main space suit differences with reference to solution of the above problems. The paper presents briefly the design of space suit arms developed for crewmembers with small anthropometric parameters, as well as peculiarities and test results for the gloves with enhanced thermal protection. Measures on further space suit development with the purpose to improve its performances are considered.     

GPS在未来十年中的进展

讨论了今后十年对GPS系统的性能改进,并探讨了这些改进对系统性能的影响。1996年3月发布的总统政策指令(PDO)称:“在十年内将取消选择可用性(SA)问题”。过去已在此方面做出努力,将第二个民用频率用于Block ⅡF卫星。此外,还正在进行一项名为“GPS现代化工作”或GPS Ⅲ计划,以验证未来GPS性能改进。最后,空军处于改进“控制部分”的过程之中,包括精度改进优先权(AII)。这些对GPS的性能改进与先进的、在未来十年中有望得到进一步开发的用户设备将在精度、完整性和可用性方面得到显著提高。例如,取消SA问题不仅提高了GPS定位精度,还大大改变了综合监控算法的可用性性能,如接收机自主综合监控(RAIM),提高了故障探测与排除(FDE)的能力。对控制部分的改善也将提高GPS的总体性能。这些性能已改善的GPS将足以在十年内成为独立应用的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)?在许多用途中,这一问题的答案是肯定的:对于其他所要求的用途,GPS仍将需要扩充。本文叙述的这些扩充要比预想的简单得多且成本低廉得多。     

Searching for biosignatures using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis of manganese oxides

Manganese oxide (Mn oxide) minerals from bacterial sources produce electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral signatures that are mostly distinct from those of synthetic simulants and abiogenic mineral Mn oxides. Biogenic Mn oxides exhibit only narrow EPR spectral linewidths (～500 G), whereas abiogenic Mn oxides produce spectral linewidths that are 2-6 times broader and range from 1200 to 3000 G. This distinction is consistent with X-ray structural observations that biogenic Mn oxides have abundant layer site vacancies and edge terminations and are mostly of single ionic species [i.e., Mn(IV)], all of which favor narrow EPR linewidths. In contrast, abiogenic Mn oxides have fewer lattice vacancies, larger particle sizes, and mixed ionic species [Mn(III) and Mn(IV)], which lead to the broader linewidths. These properties could be utilized in the search for extraterrestrial physicochemical biosignatures, for example, on Mars missions that include a miniature version of an EPR spectrometer.     

杂波环境下跟踪多目标的自适应联合概率数据关联算法

提出了一种联合概率数据关联滤波器，它利用自适应更新时间来跟踪杂波环境中的目标，并与利用恒定更新时间的联合概率数据关联滤波器做了比较。利用蒙特卡罗模拟，根据不同的目标轨迹对算法的跟踪性能进行了估计。     

用于杂波环境下跟踪的自适应概率数据关联算法

提出了一种采用自适应更新时间，用于在杂波环境和探测概率小于１的环境下跟踪 概率数据关联滤波器，并与采用恒定更新时间的概率数据关联滤波器作比较。