排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Malakhov A. V. Mitrofanov I. G. Litvak M. L. Sanin A. B. Golovin D. V. Djachkova M. V. Nikiforov S. Yu. Anikin A. A. Lisov D. I. Lukyanov N. V. Mokrousov M. I. Shvetsov V. N. Timoshenko G. N. 《Cosmic Research》2022,60(1):23-37
Cosmic Research - The article presents results of ground calibrations of the FREND neutron telescope installed onboard the TGO spacecraft of the Russian-European ExoMars project. The main goal of... 相似文献
2.
Litvak ML Mitrofanov IG Barmakov YN Behar A Bitulev A Bobrovnitsky Y Bogolubov EP Boynton WV Bragin SI Churin S Grebennikov AS Konovalov A Kozyrev AS Kurdumov IG Krylov A Kuznetsov YP Malakhov AV Mokrousov MI Ryzhkov VI Sanin AB Shvetsov VN Smirnov GA Sholeninov S Timoshenko GN Tomilina TM Tuvakin DV Tretyakov VI Troshin VS Uvarov VN Varenikov A Vostrukhin A 《Astrobiology》2008,8(3):605-612
We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of water in the martian subsurface along the path of the MSL rover. 相似文献
3.
A. A. Vostrukhin D. V. Golovin A. S. Kozyrev M. L. Litvak A. V. Malakhov I. G. Mitrofanov M. I. Mokrousov T. M. Tomilina Yu. I. Bobrovnitskiy A. S. Grebennikov M. M. Laktionova B. N. Bakhtin A. V. Sotov 《Cosmic Research》2018,56(3):208-212
The results of testing a number of space-based detectors that contain PMTs or high-voltage electrodes for the noise from the microphonics that occurs in the signal path due to external mechanical action have been presented. A method for the vibration isolation of instruments aboard a spacecraft has been proposed to reduce their responsivity to vibrations. 相似文献
4.
I. G. Mitrofanov A. Bartels Y. I. Bobrovnitsky W. Boynton G. Chin H. Enos L. Evans S. Floyd J. Garvin D. V. Golovin A. S. Grebennikov K. Harshman L. L. Kazakov J. Keller A. A. Konovalov A. S. Kozyrev A. R. Krylov M. L. Litvak A. V. Malakhov T. McClanahan G. M. Milikh M. I. Mokrousov S. Ponomareva R. Z. Sagdeev A. B. Sanin V. V. Shevchenko V. N. Shvetsov R. Starr G. N. Timoshenko T. M. Tomilina V. I. Tretyakov J. Trombka V. S. Troshin V. N. Uvarov A. B. Varennikov A. A. Vostrukhin 《Space Science Reviews》2010,150(1-4):183-207
The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon’s upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon’s polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface. 相似文献
5.
M. L. Litvak I. G. Mitrofanov I. O. Nuzhdin A. V. Vostrukhin D. V. Golovin A. S. Kozyrev A. V. Malakhov M. I. Mokrousov A. B. Sanin V. I. Tretyakov F. S. Fedosov 《Cosmic Research》2017,55(2):110-123
Results of measurements of neutron-flux spectral density in the vicinity of the International Space Station (ISS) based on BTN-Neutron space experimental data acquired in 2007–2014 have been presented in this paper. It has been shown that, during the flight of the ISS over different regions of the Earth’s surface, neutron flux in the energy range of 0.4 eV–15 MeV varies from 0.1 n/sm2/s in equatorial regions to 50 n/sm2/s in the South Atlantic anomaly region. The measurements were used to estimate the contribution of the neutron component to the overall exposure dose rate. The total contribution of fast neutrons is about 0.1–0.4 μ Zv/h above the equator area and more than 50 μ Zv/h above the South Atlantic anomaly region. A data analysis of BTN-Neutron data also showed that the time profile of neutron flux has long-periodic variations. It was found that, under the influence of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), modulation during 24th solar cycle neutron flux changed almost twofold (above high latitude regions). Maximum values of neutron flux were observed in January 2010 and minimum values were observed in January 2014. 相似文献
6.
I. G. Mitrofanov M. L. Litvak A. B. Varenikov Y. N. Barmakov A. Behar Y. I. Bobrovnitsky E. P. Bogolubov W. V. Boynton K. Harshman E. Kan A. S. Kozyrev R. O. Kuzmin A. V. Malakhov M. I. Mokrousov S. N. Ponomareva V. I. Ryzhkov A. B. Sanin G. A. Smirnov V. N. Shvetsov G. N. Timoshenko T. M. Tomilina V. I. Tret’yakov A. A. Vostrukhin 《Space Science Reviews》2012,170(1-4):559-582
7.
Gordon Chin Scott Brylow Marc Foote James Garvin Justin Kasper John Keller Maxim Litvak Igor Mitrofanov David Paige Keith Raney Mark Robinson Anton Sanin David Smith Harlan Spence Paul Spudis S. Alan Stern Maria Zuber 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(4):391-419
NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP), formulated in response to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration, will
execute a series of robotic missions that will pave the way for eventual permanent human presence on the Moon. The Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO) is first in this series of LPRP missions, and plans to launch in October of 2008 for at least one year of operation.
LRO will employ six individual instruments to produce accurate maps and high-resolution images of future landing sites, to
assess potential lunar resources, and to characterize the radiation environment. LRO will also test the feasibility of one
advanced technology demonstration package. The LRO payload includes: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which will determine
the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes, surface roughness, and search
for possible polar surface ice in shadowed regions, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) which will acquire targeted
narrow angle images of the lunar surface capable of resolving meter-scale features to support landing site selection, as well
as wide-angle images to characterize polar illumination conditions and to identify potential resources, Lunar Exploration
Neutron Detector (LEND) which will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice, and
will provide space radiation environment measurements that may be useful for future human exploration, Diviner Lunar Radiometer
Experiment (DLRE) which will chart the temperature of the entire lunar surface at approximately 300 meter horizontal resolution
to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits, Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) which will map the entire lunar surface
in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ice and frost in the polar regions and provide images of permanently
shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which will investigate
the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background
space radiation. The technology demonstration is an advanced radar (mini-RF) that will demonstrate X- and S-band radar imaging
and interferometry using light weight synthetic aperture radar. This paper will give an introduction to each of these instruments
and an overview of their objectives. 相似文献
8.
Mokrousov M. I. Mitrofanov I. G. Anikin A. A. Golovin D. V. Karpushkina N. E. Kozyrev A. S. Litvak M. L. Malakhov A. V. Pekov A. N. Sanin A. B. Tretyakov V. I. 《Cosmic Research》2022,60(5):387-396
Cosmic Research - As recent studies onboard various spacecraft have shown, one unresolved technical problem of manned interplanetary flights at the moment is the high radiation background of... 相似文献
9.
V. I. Tret’yakov I. G. Mitrofanov Yu. I. Bobronitskii A. V. Vostrukhin N. A. Gunko A. S. Kozyrev A. V. Krylov M. L. Litvak M. Lopez-Alegria V. I. Lyagushin A. A. Konovalov M. P. Korotkov P. V. Mazurov M. I. Mokrousov A. V. Malakhov I. O. Nuzhdin S. N. Ponomareva M. A. Pronin A. B. Sanin G. N. Timoshenko T. M. Tomilina M. V. Tyurin A. I. Tsygan V. N. Shvetsov 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(4):285-299
10.
Mars Science Laboratory Mission and Science Investigation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
John P. Grotzinger Joy Crisp Ashwin R. Vasavada Robert C. Anderson Charles J. Baker Robert Barry David F. Blake Pamela Conrad Kenneth S. Edgett Bobak Ferdowski Ralf Gellert John B. Gilbert Matt Golombek Javier Gómez-Elvira Donald M. Hassler Louise Jandura Maxim Litvak Paul Mahaffy Justin Maki Michael Meyer Michael C. Malin Igor Mitrofanov John J. Simmonds David Vaniman Richard V. Welch Roger C. Wiens 《Space Science Reviews》2012,170(1-4):5-56
Scheduled to land in August of 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mission was initiated to explore the habitability of Mars. This includes both modern environments as well as ancient environments recorded by the stratigraphic rock record preserved at the Gale crater landing site. The Curiosity rover has a designed lifetime of at least one Mars year (~23?months), and drive capability of at least 20?km. Curiosity’s science payload was specifically assembled to assess habitability and includes a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and gas analyzer that will search for organic carbon in rocks, regolith fines, and the atmosphere (SAM instrument); an x-ray diffractometer that will determine mineralogical diversity (CheMin instrument); focusable cameras that can image landscapes and rock/regolith textures in natural color (MAHLI, MARDI, and Mastcam instruments); an alpha-particle x-ray spectrometer for in situ determination of rock and soil chemistry (APXS instrument); a?laser-induced breakdown spectrometer to remotely sense the chemical composition of rocks and minerals (ChemCam instrument); an active neutron spectrometer designed to search for water in rocks/regolith (DAN instrument); a weather station to measure modern-day environmental variables (REMS instrument); and a sensor designed for continuous monitoring of background solar and cosmic radiation (RAD instrument). The various payload elements will work together to detect and study potential sampling targets with remote and in situ measurements; to acquire samples of rock, soil, and atmosphere and analyze them in onboard analytical instruments; and to observe the environment around the rover. The 155-km diameter Gale crater was chosen as Curiosity’s field site based on several attributes: an interior mountain of ancient flat-lying strata extending almost 5?km above the elevation of the landing site; the lower few hundred meters of the mountain show a progression with relative age from clay-bearing to sulfate-bearing strata, separated by an unconformity from overlying likely anhydrous strata; the landing ellipse is characterized by a mixture of alluvial fan and high thermal inertia/high albedo stratified deposits; and a number of stratigraphically/geomorphically distinct fluvial features. Samples of the crater wall and rim rock, and more recent to currently active surface materials also may be studied. Gale has a well-defined regional context and strong evidence for a progression through multiple potentially habitable environments. These environments are represented by a stratigraphic record of extraordinary extent, and insure preservation of a rich record of the environmental history of early Mars. The interior mountain of Gale Crater has been informally designated at Mount Sharp, in honor of the pioneering planetary scientist Robert Sharp. The major subsystems of the MSL Project consist of a single rover (with science payload), a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, an Earth-Mars cruise stage, an entry, descent, and landing system, a launch vehicle, and the mission operations and ground data systems. The primary communication path for downlink is relay through the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The primary path for uplink to the rover is Direct-from-Earth. The secondary paths for downlink are Direct-to-Earth and relay through the Mars Odyssey orbiter. Curiosity is a scaled version of the 6-wheel drive, 4-wheel steering, rocker bogie system from the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity and the Mars Pathfinder Sojourner. Like Spirit and Opportunity, Curiosity offers three primary modes of navigation: blind-drive, visual odometry, and visual odometry with hazard avoidance. Creation of terrain maps based on HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) and other remote sensing data were used to conduct simulated driving with Curiosity in these various modes, and allowed selection of the Gale crater landing site which requires climbing the base of a mountain to achieve its primary science goals. The Sample Acquisition, Processing, and Handling (SA/SPaH) subsystem is responsible for the acquisition of rock and soil samples from the Martian surface and the processing of these samples into fine particles that are then distributed to the analytical science instruments. The SA/SPaH subsystem is also responsible for the placement of the two contact instruments (APXS, MAHLI) on rock and soil targets. SA/SPaH consists of a robotic arm and turret-mounted devices on the end of the arm, which include a drill, brush, soil scoop, sample processing device, and the mechanical and electrical interfaces to the two contact science instruments. SA/SPaH also includes drill bit boxes, the organic check material, and an observation tray, which are all mounted on the front of the rover, and inlet cover mechanisms that are placed over the SAM and CheMin solid sample inlet tubes on the rover top deck. 相似文献