飞行器智能设计愿景与关键问题

未来飞行器正朝着多元化、无人化和智能化的方向发展，高超声速、超隐身和变体等新型飞行器不断涌现。而传统飞行器解耦分拆的设计方法越来越难以满足未来飞行器综合性能全面提升的要求，只有通过整体化设计才能充分发掘飞行器的潜能。通过分析传统飞行器设计中存在的问题，提出满足全生命周期要求的飞行器智能设计体系理念，利用知识库的构建将智能赋予飞行器平台系统设计、制造生产和运维这3个阶段，并通过数字孪生技术进行飞行器全生命周期的仿真、分析和预测，以对飞行器设计、运行等数据进行更新，使该体系形成闭环。就飞行器智能设计体系中需要的关键技术及涉及的科学问题等进行了讨论，并给出了未来发展方向以供参考。     

Solar Cells Based on All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites:Progress and Prospects

The emergence of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on all-inorganic metal halide(IMH)has generated enormous interest in the photovoltaic research community,and the power conversion efficiency(PCE)has exceeded13%.Despite its outstanding performance in thermal stability,PSCs based on IMH still face problems such as the lack of a suitable band gap and the inability to generate large areas.In this review,we will summarize the latest progress of PSCs based on IMH.     

火箭发动机超声速过膨胀射流气动噪声特性研究

采用大涡模拟LES方法计算了火箭发动机超声速过膨胀射流形态及近场声压分布,研究了入口温度与环境温度的比值(温度比)对声场的影响;将声源分解,基于Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H)方程获取了不同位置噪声源的远场噪声,并根据声压级频谱和湍流形态分析了超声速射流噪声的产生机理。研究表明,超声速过膨胀射流气动噪声由湍流混合噪声和宽频激波噪声组成,近场噪声源以马赫波形式向大方位角辐射中高频噪声,下游大尺度湍流向低方位角范围辐射低频噪声,声压级峰值频率随观测角度增大而升高;随温度比升高,马赫波辐射角度增大,噪声指向性发生改变。该研究可为运载火箭发动机地面试车或火箭发射段声学环境设计提供参考。     

Bayesian coronal seismology

In contrast to the situation in a laboratory, the study of the solar atmosphere has to be pursued without direct access to the physical conditions of interest. Information is therefore incomplete and uncertain and inference methods need to be employed to diagnose the physical conditions and processes. One of such methods, solar atmospheric seismology, makes use of observed and theoretically predicted properties of waves to infer plasma and magnetic field properties. A recent development in solar atmospheric seismology consists in the use of inversion and model comparison methods based on Bayesian analysis. In this paper, the philosophy and methodology of Bayesian analysis are first explained. Then, we provide an account of what has been achieved so far from the application of these techniques to solar atmospheric seismology and a prospect of possible future extensions.     

基于变对角加载的RCB算法

稳健的Capon波束形成(RCB)算法确定的加载量与设定的导向矢量误差范围成正比,在导向矢量误差比较小时,加载量也比较小,这时对小快拍的稳健性就很差。为了改善RCB算法在小快拍时的性能,提出一种基于变对角加载的RCB算法,利用估计的协方差矩阵误差对采样协方差矩阵进行修正,用修正后的协方差矩阵代替原协方差矩阵代入到RCB算法的权向量求解过程中,这样可以根据导向矢量误差和协方差矩阵误差动态调整加载量,在不增加计算复杂度的基础上,可以获得比RCB算法更好的稳健性。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

大直径螺纹数控加工工艺研究与应用

针对形状结构复杂的某产品上34个M36×3-6H内螺纹加工进行了工艺攻关,提出采用旋风铣的方法,并编制数控加工程序,有效解决了难加工材料大直径内螺纹的加工难题,在此基础上实现了数控加工程序的参数化,理论上可以实现任意直径、任意螺距、任意深度螺纹的加工,并在其他型号产品上得到应用。     

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

Military avionics optical fiber data buses with active-couplerconfigurations

Military avionics optical fiber data buses of high reliability are discussed. Because Light Emitting Diodes (LED's) have better temperature performance and require less complex driver circuits than laser diodes, the former is normally chosen as an optical source in the severe aircraft environment at present. In this case, optical power budget becomes a critical factor which can significantly limit the number of terminals in a data bus. To effectively solve this problem while maintaining a high reliability, we present several configurations of all-active couplers and hybrid passive/active couplers for avionics optical fiber data buses using PIN photodiodes and LED's. The system design is also described, which incorporates a modulation scheme called partial trilevel Manchester II bi-phase coding     

ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Ground Segment (SGS)

The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Ground Segment (SGS), comprised of payload Instrument Team, ESA and Russian operational centres, is responsible for planning the science operations of the TGO mission and for the generation and archiving of the scientific data products to levels meeting the scientific aims and criteria specified by the ESA Project Scientist as advised by the Science Working Team (SWT). The ExoMars SGS builds extensively upon tools and experience acquired through earlier ESA planetary missions like Mars and Venus Express, and Rosetta, but also is breaking ground in various respects toward the science operations of future missions like BepiColombo or JUICE. A productive interaction with the Russian partners in the mission facilitates broad and effective collaboration. This paper describes the global organisation and operation of the SGS, with reference to its principal systems, interfaces and operational processes.     

航空装备备件需求量的概率区间计算方法

科学合理地解决备件配置问题一直为人们所瞩目,备件配置数量的多少不仅影响装备的维修甚至影响装备的战备完好率。计算备件需求量的传统模型是概率模型,然而概率模型中的分布参数往往有一定程度的不确定性。本文对概率模型中含有有界不确定参数的备件需求量计算问题进行研究,根据航空装备备件的分类,分别提出了寿命服从指数分布、正态分布和威布尔分布部件的备件需求量的概率区间确定方法。所提出的方法较好地解决了分布参数有界不确定时航空装备备件的配置问题并能够充分保证备件的保障率,进而提高航空综合保障水平。最后,通过数值算例说明了该方法的有效性和实用性。