Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

考虑禁飞区规避的空天飞行器分段预测校正再入制导方法

针对空天飞行器再入制导问题，提出一种考虑禁飞区规避的分段预测校正制导方法。在再入段前期采用剩余航程作为目标函数，后期引入预测落点偏差作为目标函数进行制导指令求解，同时确定倾侧角幅值和符号，兼顾了计算效率与终端制导精度。在此基础上，对于再入过程中的禁飞区规避问题，把禁飞区分为两类，增加了通过倾侧角幅值修正策略实现侧向规避制导的逻辑，可适用于无法单独通过倾侧角反转规避禁飞区的情况。最后，通过开展考虑再入初始状态和气动品质不确定性的蒙特卡罗仿真，验证了提出的分段预测校正制导方法可以有效引导空天飞行器规避禁飞区，与单段目标函数预测校正方法相比，具有更高的制导精度。     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

The propagation features of LF radio waves at topside ionosphere and their variations possibly related to Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

The artificial low frequency (LF) signals recorded at topside ionosphere from DEMETER satellite were analyzed in this paper, and the typical diurnal and seasonal variations were illustrated around 162?kHz in electric field spectra. The larger power spectrum density (PSD) values in electric field at local nighttime and in winter season all demonstrate the correlation feature of lower plasma content to higher penetration of LF waves into ionosphere. Around Wenchuan earthquake, the comparison of signal-noise-ratio (SNR) values in electric field with each half month during January to May in 2008 and the same half month in May from 2005 to 2007 revealed their lowest values and small covering area around the preparation region of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Combined with other researches in VLF radio waves and geochemical observations from satellite, the interaction of ion accumulation and upward movement from gas-water release at surface might be a key factor to disturb the ionospheric plasma density, and then possibly leading to the decrease of low energy penetration of LF radio waves from the artificial transmitted source at ground.     

基于工程教育专业认证背景下地方特色院校“金课”建设的研究与探索

"金课"作为一项新提出不久的概念,许多重点院校和地方特色院校已经着手打造了一部分精品课程,主要是一些开放性课程和文法类课程,原因是这一类课程思维发散,教学手段多样,可以运用现代化信息技术手段采取线上线下教学模式。但是教育部推出的"金课"建设不单单只是针对于这些类课程,对于工科专业的课程建设,也需要打造"金课",尤其是以工程教育专业认证的标准和理念打造地方特色院校"金课",是我们这些地方特色工科院校需要重点研究和探索的。本文的研究重点在于如何把工程教育专业认证的理念与课程建设有机融合体现工科"金课"的"四性"。     

熔融沉积成型连续碳纤维增强尼龙蜂窝芯材的压缩特性

采用熔融沉积成型方法成形了连续碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料蜂窝芯材,并对不同测试方向的静态单轴压缩特性进行了表征分析,着重关注不同测试方向熔融沉积成形蜂窝芯材平面静态压缩破碎行为和能量吸收行为,并与纯聚合物基体进行对比。结果表明:X_1方向的压缩平台区域的力-位移曲线更加平滑稳定,且载荷值稍高于X_2方向,因此X_1方向更适用于能量吸收应用;此外,连续纤维的增强作用可使蜂窝芯材的平台载荷值得到明显提升。研究结果为连续纤维增强聚合物复合材料的空间增材制造提供理论基础。     

太阳能飞机循环飞行的高度剖面能量策略

为满足设定的太阳能飞机多日连续飞行条件，依据飞行过程中当前时刻的飞行高度、光伏输出功率、动力电池组余量等系统状态参数，研究如何分配动力电池组充放电和电推进系统输入等功率。所用策略立足于实时功率平衡，充分利用正午前后的光伏峰值功率用于飞机爬升及充电，在午后下滑过程中利用全部光伏输出，以最大化利用光伏资源；在光伏有效输出不足时则以一定的维持功率下滑，使能量的综合损失最小。方法能够提高以预定夜间飞行高度连续多日续航的成功率，提升飞行高度、纬度、季节范围或搭载能力，或者拓展这几种飞行条件的组合域，优化太阳能飞机的适用性。     

高压捕获翼构型的跨流域气动特性

高压捕获翼(HCW)构型是一种满足高速飞行器高容积、高升力、高升阻比的设计需求的新型气动布局.最近研究表明,HCW构型能够提高飞行器在连续流区的升力和升阻比,缓解飞行器设计中高容积率与高升阻比间的矛盾.为探究该气动布局在过渡流域(70～100 km)的气动特性,以一种楔—平板组合的高压捕获翼原理性构型作为模型,采用直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法,详细分析了该模型在典型高超声速条件(马赫数20)下的流场结构和壁面气动力/热分布.结果表明,随着飞行高度增加,稀薄效应增强,机体压缩产生的激波厚度增加,激波边缘逐渐模糊,机体与捕获翼之间的开放通道内出现压力干扰.同时,高压捕获翼表面的摩擦系数迅速上升,气动摩擦成为制约捕获翼构型升阻比的重要因素.针对这一问题,分析了捕获翼材料表面的适应系数对飞行器的气动力/热的影响,结果表明,降低适应系数可以显著减小壁面摩擦和热流量,可通过选用适应系数较小的表面材料进一步提高该类飞行器气动性能.