Visualization and PIV study of wing-tip vortices for three different tip configurations

The planform, profile, and cross-sectional views of the wing-tip region of a half-wing model with an aspect ratio of 3.2 and three different wing configurations, namely, square-cut, simple fairing, and Whitcomb?s full winglet wing-tip, were visualized at various angles of attack using smoke-wire visualization technique. Visualization pictures clearly show that the wing-tip vortices at different angles of attack and wing-tip configurations had distinct formation and structure characteristics. A comparison of simple fairing and Whitcomb?s winglet configurations shows that the wing-tip vortices of the Whitcomb?s winglet configuration were reduced in strength and displaced outboard and upward, at least in the near-wake region. This resulted in an increased lift-to-drag ratio for the Whitcomb?s winglet configuration. The changes in the wing-tip vortex characteristics and the improved aerodynamic performance of the winglet were confirmed by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the cross-flow velocity of the wing-tip trailing regions and the force measurement of the model.     

Strapdown INS error model for multiposition alignment

The relationship between quaternion errors and tilt angles from true navigation frame to analytic platform frame is newly derived for strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS). Using the relationship it is shown that the quaternion error model for attitude and velocity is equivalent to the conventional perturbation error model. Based upon the equivalency, the quaternion errors during a multiposition alignment are determined and analyzed. Furthermore, it is shown that the heading rotation of 180 deg achieves the minimal quaternion error for 2-position ground alignment     

Measurement of middle atmospheric ozone density profile by rocket-borne radiometer onboard KSR-II

KSR-II, a two-stage sounding rocket of KARI was launched successfully at the Korean Peninsula on June 11, 1998. The apogee of the rocket was 137 km. For the ozone measurement, 8-channel UV and visible radiometers were onboard the rocket. The rocket measured an in situ stratospheric and mesospheric ozone density profile over Korea during its ascending phase using the radiometer and transmitted the data to ground station in real time. The maximum ozone density occurs near 25 km. Retrieved profile has a random error (1σ) of approximately 15% for altitude below 20km, 7% between 20-50 km and 10% greater than 50 km. The retrieved data were compared with Dobson spectrophotometer, ozonesonde, and HALOE onboard the UARS. Our results are in reasonable agreements with others.     

计算机辅助任意多边形排料

 本文描述了一种计算机辅助排料的算法。它能自动处理二维不规则形状物体的排料。排料的处理过程分为两个阶段。现介绍的为第一阶段的算法。计算实例表明,该方法可以明显减少计算量。并具有原材料利用率高的特点。 飞机蒙皮等钣金件的下料就涉及到大量的排料问题,在整张的金属板材上排成所需要的零件形状。     

Fast alignment using rotation vector and adaptive Kalman filter

A fast and convenient alignment method is proposed. To improve the speed of convergence, we used rotation vectors instead of traditional Euler angles. Furthermore, we developed an algorithm to automatically tune the measurement noise covariance matrix using adaptive Kalman filtering. Finally, the developed algorithms were applied to an aerial imaging system to automatically geo-locate the centers of the images.     

InSight Mars Lander Robotics Instrument Deployment System

The InSight Mars Lander is equipped with an Instrument Deployment System (IDS) and science payload with accompanying auxiliary peripherals mounted on the Lander. The InSight science payload includes a seismometer (SEIS) and Wind and Thermal Shield (WTS), heat flow probe (Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package, HP³) and a precision tracking system (RISE) to measure the size and state of the core, mantle and crust of Mars. The InSight flight system is a close copy of the Mars Phoenix Lander and comprises a Lander, cruise stage, heatshield and backshell. The IDS comprises an Instrument Deployment Arm (IDA), scoop, five finger “claw” grapple, motor controller, arm-mounted Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC), lander-mounted Instrument Context Camera (ICC), and control software. IDS is responsible for the first precision robotic instrument placement and release of SEIS and HP³ on a planetary surface that will enable scientists to perform the first comprehensive surface-based geophysical investigation of Mars’ interior structure. This paper describes the design and operations of the Instrument Deployment Systems (IDS), a critical subsystem of the InSight Mars Lander necessary to achieve the primary scientific goals of the mission including robotic arm geology and physical properties (soil mechanics) investigations at the Landing site. In addition, we present test results of flight IDS Verification and Validation activities including thermal characterization and InSight 2017 Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO), Deployment Scenario Test at Lockheed Martin, Denver, where all the flight payloads were successfully deployed with a balloon gravity offload fixture to compensate for Mars to Earth gravity.     

DGPS/IMU integration-based geolocation system: Airborne experimental test results

This paper addresses differential global positioning system (DGPS)/inertial measurement unit (IMU) integration-based geolocation system developed for airborne remote sensing cameras. First, we provide a brief review on sensor calibration, alignment and sensor fusion as background material of this research. After presenting those background material, as a main part of this paper we present a geolocation algorithm designed for an airborne imaging system. The geolocation system developed is tested through actual airborne experiments. For the verification of the geolocation system developed, we compare initial stationary states of the airplane before-taking off with states after-landing. From the actual test results, we find that it is critical to do an accurate time synchronization between IMU, DGPS, and airborne images, and to compensate for the data delay occurred during the network transfer.     

Development of multi-functional composite structures with embedded electronics for space application

Conventional spacecraft structural function has been limited to supporting loads and mounting avionics only. In contrast, the technology of ‘multi-functional structures’ can integrate thermal and electronic functions into the spacecraft’s inherent load-bearing capability. In addition, sufficient radiation shielding effectiveness can be provided for the anticipated mission environment. Utilizing this concept, the ratio of electrical functionality to spacecraft volume can be dramatically increased and significant mass savings can be obtained. In this paper, spacecraft electronics are miniaturized using advanced IT applications such as flexible circuitry, miniaturized components, featherweight connectors, and so on, that they can be easily embedded within a structural panel. A sandwich structural panel consists of an aluminum honeycomb core and lightweight CFRP facesheets. Integration of electronics is implemented within the panel by mounting electronics on a multi-layered composite enclosure with multi-materials. This composite enclosure provides a load-bearing, effective thermal conduction, radiation shielding capabilities and an available space for embedding electronics. A series of environmental tests and analyses is carried out to demonstrate that the flight hardware is qualified for the expected mission environments. This approach will be utilized for the advanced small satellite ‘STSAT-3’ to validate the multi-functional structures concept.