航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台技术研究

针对数量有限的物理跑车试验无法满足减振与保温性能测试需求的问题，提出一套航天器运输包装箱动力学与热学仿真验证方法，包括：建立适用于包装箱系统的刚柔耦合多体动力学系统，通过结合线路条件测试生成的动力学系统外部激励，实现减振性能虚拟跑车测试；建立基于计算流体力学的包装箱热学模型，通过模拟自然对流和空调控制，实现包装箱保温性能虚拟跑车测试；基于C/S架构和导航式流程设计思想，建立航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台，通过实际案例证明该平台仿真结果与实际跑车测试数据具有较高的一致性。     

北斗工程IGSO/MEO/GEO发射轨道设计

随着我国航天事业的蓬勃发展，运载火箭发射要求也呈现多样化。北斗卫星导航系统是我国自行研制的全球卫星导航系统，经历三步跨越式发展，目前已经全面建成。CZ-3A系列火箭承担了北斗工程全部发射任务，该工程对火箭倾斜同步转移轨道（IGTO）、中圆转移轨道（MTO）、地球同步转移轨道（GTO）新类型轨道要求。介绍了该类轨道特点，讨论了火箭发射方案、发射轨道设计及高空风双向补偿方法。实际飞行考核充分证明了发射轨道设计的正确性，设计方法确保了北斗工程全部发射任务取得圆满成功，为北斗工程顺利实施奠定了基础。     

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous N/O Functionalized Carbon Derived from Blighted Grains Towards Electrochemical Capacitors

The hierarchical porous N/O co-functionalized carbon(HPNOC)was scalably prepared by using the lowcost and renewable blighted grains as the raw material coupled with mild KHCO_3 activation for electrochemical capacitors(ECs).The elemental N was in situ doped in the obtained HPNOC without any N-containing additives.Remarkably,the obtained HPNOC was endowed with a large specific surface area(about 2 624m~2·g~(-1)),high pore volume(about 1.35cm~3·g~(-1)),as well as high-content N/O functionalization(about 1.9%(in atom)N and about 10.2%(in atom)O.Furthermore,the as-resulted HPNOC electrode with a high mass loading of 5mg·cm~(-2 )exhibited competitive gravimetric capacitances of about 373.6F·g~(-1 )at 0.5A·g~(-1),and even about 260.4F·g~(-1 )at a high rate of 10A·g~(-1);superior capacitance retention of about 98.8%at 1A·g~(-1 )over 10 000consecutive cycles;and high specific energy of about 9.6W·h·kg~(-1 )at a power of 500W·kg~(-1),when evaluated as a promising electrode in 6mol KOH for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.More encouragingly,the green synthetic strategy we developed holds a huge promise in generalizing for other biomass-derived carbon materials for versatile energy-related applications.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

酚醛树脂基纳米多孔材料的制备及结构调控

酚醛树脂基纳米多孔材料（Phenolic Resin-based Nanoporous Materials，PNM）是满足新一代航天飞行器轻质、高效隔热需求的新型热防护材料，传统制备方法中需使用超临界干燥技术，制备周期长、成本高。本研究通过两步法，即先合成线性酚醛树脂，再进行溶胶-凝胶的方法，实现了常压干燥PNM的制备。系统研究了固化剂含量、固化温度和固化时间对材料结构的影响和调控作用，分析了影响材料收缩率和热稳定性的因素。结果表明，PNM的微观纳米结构的变化会影响材料干燥后的收缩率，制备大颗粒、大孔径的微观结构更有利于降低材料的收缩率。而PNM的热稳定性主要受交联反应过程形成的化学结构的影响，通过优化固化剂的含量可提高PNM的热稳定性。当固化剂含量为10%，固化温度提高至150℃，固化时间延长至48 h的条件下，获得的PNM有最高的热稳定性（900℃下的残碳率为54.2%）、最发达的孔结构（比表面积为264.0 m²/g、孔容为2.67 cm³/g、平均孔径为40.0 nm）和最小的收缩率（0%）。此PNM制备方法简单、性能优异，在未来航天飞行器上有广阔的应用前景。     

异构无人系统协同作战关键技术综述

针对异构无人系统的规模、异构性强弱，对异构无人系统进行了分类，引入了异构无人系统协同作战班组的概念以及应用设想，并通过城市环境中异构无人系统协同作战问题为牵引，提出了异构无人系统协同作战面临的挑战与解决思路，在此基础之上，从异构无人系统协同控制架构、协同任务规划、智能交互、目标感知、环境感知等主要方面对异构无人系统协同作战的关键技术进行了分析，最后对异构无人系统协同作战目前的研究进展与挑战进行了总结。     

Simulation and Analysis of Electromagnetic Force in Laser Melting Deposition by Electromagnetic Impact

Magnetic field was introduced in laser melting deposition to reduce the pores in workpieces.Finite 3-D model of the coil-deposition layer-substrate was established.Simulation results show that the electromagnetic force in deposition layer mainly concentrates in the projection area of the coil.Axial electromagnetic force shows repulsion in one cycle.The experimental results indicate that the magnetic field is beneficial for grain refinement,microhardness increasement and decline of quantities and average sizes of pores.     

紧缩场测试扫描架平面度控制系统研制

扫描架是紧缩场现场校准系统的关键测试设备。扫描架扫描平面度是影响校准准确度的关键指标。本文针对自研的扫描区域为φ6m的大型极化扫描架，设计了一套扫描架平面度实时补偿系统。该实时补偿系统可以实时检测扫描架扫描平面相对于基准平面的位置偏差，并通过伺服补偿机构完成补偿。测试结果表明该实时补偿系统可以准确、快速完成平面度的补偿，与半实时补偿方式相比具有更高的效率及精度。目前，该系统已成功应用于紧缩场现场校准。     

关于平面激波在凹两段楔面上的传播

众所周知,当一平面激波同任意形状的障碍物相互作用时,将产生十分复杂的波系,其中激波在曲面壁上的绕射和反射,将产生非定常波系。关于平面激波在凹圆柱壁面上的传播,我们可以用一连串、长度为无限小的楔面所构成的多边形来近似和代替凹圆柱面,因此分析和研究激波在两段楔面上反射和绕射的目的在于得出激波在圆柱壁面以及其它较复杂形状壁面上的传播规律。本文采用马赫-曾德干涉仪在激波管上进行光测模型实验。根据所拍摄的流场干涉图像,以分析其波系的演变过程及传播规律,得到有关流场的密度分布和压力分布,更为重要的是给出流场参数的定量结果。